1 .\" FreeSec: libcrypt for NetBSD
3 .\" Copyright (c) 1994 David Burren
4 .\" All rights reserved.
6 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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30 .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libcrypt/crypt.3,v 1.6.2.14 2002/12/29 16:35:35 schweikh Exp $
31 .\" $DragonFly: src/lib/libcrypt/crypt.3,v 1.4 2006/02/17 19:35:07 swildner Exp $
33 .\" Manual page, using -mandoc macros
40 .Nd Trapdoor encryption
46 .Fn crypt "const char *key" "const char *salt"
48 .Fn crypt_get_format "void"
50 .Fn crypt_set_format "const char *string"
54 function performs password hashing with additional code added to
55 deter key search attempts. Different algorithms can be used to
59 .\" If you add more algorithms, make sure to update this list
60 .\" and the default used for the Traditional format, below.
62 Currently these include the
64 .Tn Data Encryption Standard (DES) ,
68 The algorithm used will depend upon the format of the Salt (following
69 the Modular Crypt Format (MCF)), if
73 is installed or not, and whether
75 has been called to change the default.
79 is the data to hash (usually a password), in a
80 .Dv null Ns -terminated
82 The second is the salt, in one of three forms:
84 .Bl -tag -width Traditional -compact -offset indent
86 If it begins with an underscore
91 is used in interpreting both the key and the salt, as outlined below.
93 If it begins with the string
95 then the Modular Crypt Format is used, as outlined below.
97 If neither of the above is true, it assumes the Traditional Format,
98 using the entire string as the salt (or the first portion).
101 All routines are designed to be time-consuming. A brief test on a
105 crypt to do approximately 2640 crypts
106 a CPU second and MD5 to do about 62 crypts a CPU second.
107 .Ss DES Extended Format:
110 is divided into groups of 8 characters (the last group is null-padded)
111 and the low-order 7 bits of each character (56 bits per group) are
115 the first group of 56 bits becomes the initial
118 For each additional group, the XOR of the encryption of the current
120 key with itself and the group bits becomes the next
124 The salt is a 9-character array consisting of an underscore followed
125 by 4 bytes of iteration count and 4 bytes of salt.
126 These are encoded as printable characters, 6 bits per character,
127 least significant character first.
128 The values 0 to 63 are encoded as ``./0-9A-Za-z''.
129 This allows 24 bits for both
136 introduces disorder in the
138 algorithm in one of 16777216 or 4096 possible ways
139 (ie. with 24 or 12 bits: if bit
153 key is used to encrypt a 64-bit constant using
157 The value returned is a
158 .Dv null Ns -terminated
159 string, 20 or 13 bytes (plus null) in length, consisting of the
161 followed by the encoded 64-bit encryption.
163 If the salt begins with the string
165 then the Modular Crypt Format is used. The
167 represents which algorithm is used in encryption. Following the token is
168 the actual salt to use in the encryption. The length of the salt is limited
169 to 8 characters--because the length of the returned output is also limited
170 (_PASSWORD_LEN). The salt must be terminated with the end of the string
171 (NULL) or a dollar sign. Any characters after the dollar sign are ignored.
173 Currently supported algorithms are:
175 .Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
182 Other crypt formats may be easily added. An example salt would be:
183 .Bl -tag -offset indent
184 .It Cm "$3$thesalt$rest"
187 .Ss "Traditional" crypt:
188 The algorithm used will depend upon whether
190 has been called and whether a global default format has been specified.
191 Unless a global default has been specified or
193 has set the format to something else, the built-in default format is
197 .\" NOTICE: Also make sure to update this
200 if it is available, or MD5 if not.
202 How the salt is used will depend upon the algorithm for the hash. For
203 best results, specify at least two characters of salt.
207 function returns a constant string that represents the name of the
208 algorithm currently used.
211 .\" NOTICE: Also make sure to update this, too, as well
220 function sets the default encoding format according to the supplied
223 The global default format can be set using the
230 returns a pointer to the encrypted value on success, and NULL on failure.
231 Note: this is not a standard behaviour, AT&T
233 will always return a pointer to a string.
236 will return 1 if the supplied encoding format was valid.
237 Otherwise, a value of 0 is returned.
258 section of the code (FreeSec 1.0) was developed outside the United
259 States of America as an unencumbered replacement for the U.S.-only
261 libcrypt encryption library.
264 Originally written by
265 .An David Burren Aq davidb@werj.com.au ,
266 later additions and changes by
267 .An Poul-Henning Kamp ,
268 .An Mark R V Murray ,
277 function returns a pointer to static data, and subsequent calls to
279 will modify the same data. Likewise,
281 modifies static data.