1 .\" $NetBSD: wprintf.3,v 1.2 2005/06/03 20:32:20 wiz Exp $
2 .\" $DragonFly: src/lib/libc/stdio/wprintf.3,v 1.3 2007/11/04 16:23:23 swildner Exp $
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38 .\" @(#)printf.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
39 .\" FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3,v 1.47 2002/09/06 11:23:55 tjr Exp
40 .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdio/wprintf.3,v 1.5 2003/07/05 07:55:34 tjr Exp $
52 .Nd formatted wide character output conversion
59 .Fn fwprintf "FILE * restrict stream" "const wchar_t * restrict format" ...
61 .Fn swprintf "wchar_t * restrict ws" "size_t n" "const wchar_t * restrict format" ...
63 .Fn wprintf "const wchar_t * restrict format" ...
66 .Fn vfwprintf "FILE * restrict stream" "const wchar_t * restrict" "va_list ap"
68 .Fn vswprintf "wchar_t * restrict ws" "size_t n" "const wchar_t *restrict format" "va_list ap"
70 .Fn vwprintf "const wchar_t * restrict format" "va_list ap"
74 family of functions produces output according to a
84 the standard output stream;
88 write output to the given output
93 write to the wide character string
96 These functions write the output under the control of a
98 string that specifies how subsequent arguments
99 (or arguments accessed via the variable-length argument facilities of
101 are converted for output.
103 These functions return the number of characters printed
104 (not including the trailing
106 used to end output to strings).
112 functions will fail if
114 or more wide characters were requested to be written,
116 The format string is composed of zero or more directives:
120 which are copied unchanged to the output stream;
121 and conversion specifications, each of which results
122 in fetching zero or more subsequent arguments.
123 Each conversion specification is introduced by
127 The arguments must correspond properly (after type promotion)
128 with the conversion specifier.
131 the following appear in sequence:
134 An optional field, consisting of a decimal digit string followed by a
136 specifying the next argument to access.
137 If this field is not provided, the argument following the last
138 argument accessed will be used.
139 Arguments are numbered starting at
141 If unaccessed arguments in the format string are interspersed with ones that
142 are accessed the results will be indeterminate.
144 Zero or more of the following flags:
145 .Bl -tag -width ".So \ Sc (space)"
147 The value should be converted to an
150 .Cm c , d , i , n , p , s ,
153 conversions, this option has no effect.
156 conversions, the precision of the number is increased to force the first
157 character of the output string to a zero (except if a zero value is printed
158 with an explicit precision of zero).
163 conversions, a non-zero result has the string
169 conversions) prepended to it.
171 .Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g ,
174 conversions, the result will always contain a decimal point, even if no
175 digits follow it (normally, a decimal point appears in the results of
176 those conversions only if a digit follows).
181 conversions, trailing zeros are not removed from the result as they
183 .It So Cm 0 Sc (zero)
185 For all conversions except
187 the converted value is padded on the left with zeros rather than blanks.
188 If a precision is given with a numeric conversion
189 .Cm ( d , i , o , u , i , x ,
196 A negative field width flag;
197 the converted value is to be left adjusted on the field boundary.
200 conversions, the converted value is padded on the right with blanks,
201 rather than on the left with blanks or zeros.
207 .It So "\ " Sc (space)
208 A blank should be left before a positive number
209 produced by a signed conversion
210 .Cm ( a , A , d , e , E , f , F , g , G ,
214 A sign must always be placed before a
215 number produced by a signed conversion.
218 overrides a space if both are used.
224 or the integral portion of a floating point conversion
228 should be grouped and separated by thousands using
229 the non-monetary separator returned by
233 An optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum field width.
234 If the converted value has fewer characters than the field width, it will
235 be padded with spaces on the left (or right, if the left-adjustment
236 flag has been given) to fill out
239 An optional precision, in the form of a period
242 optional digit string.
243 If the digit string is omitted, the precision is taken as zero.
244 This gives the minimum number of digits to appear for
245 .Cm d , i , o , u , x ,
248 conversions, the number of digits to appear after the decimal-point for
249 .Cm a , A , e , E , f ,
252 conversions, the maximum number of significant digits for
256 conversions, or the maximum number of characters to be printed from a
261 An optional length modifier, that specifies the size of the argument.
262 The following length modifiers are valid for the
263 .Cm d , i , n , o , u , x ,
267 .Bl -column ".Cm q Em (deprecated)" ".Vt signed char" ".Vt unsigned long long" ".Vt long long *"
268 .It Sy Modifier Ta Cm d , i Ta Cm o , u , x , X Ta Cm n
269 .It Cm hh Ta Vt "signed char" Ta Vt "unsigned char" Ta Vt "signed char *"
270 .It Cm h Ta Vt short Ta Vt "unsigned short" Ta Vt "short *"
271 .It Cm l No (ell) Ta Vt long Ta Vt "unsigned long" Ta Vt "long *"
272 .It Cm ll No (ell ell) Ta Vt "long long" Ta Vt "unsigned long long" Ta Vt "long long *"
273 .It Cm j Ta Vt intmax_t Ta Vt uintmax_t Ta Vt "intmax_t *"
274 .It Cm t Ta Vt ptrdiff_t Ta (see note) Ta Vt "ptrdiff_t *"
275 .It Cm z Ta (see note) Ta Vt size_t Ta (see note)
276 .It Cm q Em (deprecated) Ta Vt quad_t Ta Vt u_quad_t Ta Vt "quad_t *"
282 modifier, when applied to a
286 conversion, indicates that the argument is of an unsigned type
287 equivalent in size to a
291 modifier, when applied to a
295 conversion, indicates that the argument is of a signed type equivalent in
298 Similarly, when applied to an
300 conversion, it indicates that the argument is a pointer to a signed type
301 equivalent in size to a
304 The following length modifier is valid for the
305 .Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g ,
309 .Bl -column ".Sy Modifier" ".Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g , G"
310 .It Sy Modifier Ta Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g , G
311 .It Cm L Ta Vt "long double"
314 The following length modifier is valid for the
319 .Bl -column ".Sy Modifier" ".Vt wint_t" ".Vt wchar_t *"
320 .It Sy Modifier Ta Cm c Ta Cm s
321 .It Cm l No (ell) Ta Vt wint_t Ta Vt "wchar_t *"
324 A character that specifies the type of conversion to be applied.
327 A field width or precision, or both, may be indicated by
330 or an asterisk followed by one or more decimal digits and a
336 argument supplies the field width or precision.
337 A negative field width is treated as a left adjustment flag followed by a
338 positive field width; a negative precision is treated as though it were
340 If a single format directive mixes positional
342 and non-positional arguments, the results are undefined.
344 The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:
345 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm diouxX"
349 (or appropriate variant) argument is converted to signed decimal
357 or unsigned hexadecimal
366 conversions; the letters
371 The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of digits that must
372 appear; if the converted value requires fewer digits, it is padded on
377 argument is converted to signed decimal, unsigned octal, or unsigned
378 decimal, as if the format had been
383 These conversion characters are deprecated, and will eventually disappear.
387 argument is rounded and converted in the style
389 .Oo \- Oc Ar d Li \&. Ar ddd Li e \\*[Pm] Ar dd
391 where there is one digit before the
392 decimal-point character
393 and the number of digits after it is equal to the precision;
394 if the precision is missing,
395 it is taken as 6; if the precision is
396 zero, no decimal-point character appears.
399 conversion uses the letter
403 to introduce the exponent.
404 The exponent always contains at least two digits; if the value is zero,
408 .Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g ,
411 conversions, positive and negative infinity are represented as
415 respectively when using the lowercase conversion character, and
419 respectively when using the uppercase conversion character.
420 Similarly, NaN is represented as
422 when using the lowercase conversion, and
424 when using the uppercase conversion.
428 argument is rounded and converted to decimal notation in the style
430 .Oo \- Oc Ar ddd Li \&. Ar ddd ,
432 where the number of digits after the decimal-point character
433 is equal to the precision specification.
434 If the precision is missing, it is taken as 6; if the precision is
435 explicitly zero, no decimal-point character appears.
436 If a decimal point appears, at least one digit appears before it.
440 argument is converted in style
451 The precision specifies the number of significant digits.
452 If the precision is missing, 6 digits are given; if the precision is zero,
456 is used if the exponent from its conversion is less than \-4 or greater than
457 or equal to the precision.
458 Trailing zeros are removed from the fractional part of the result; a
459 decimal point appears only if it is followed by at least one digit.
463 argument is converted to hexadecimal notation in the style
465 .Oo \- Oc Li 0x Ar h Li \&. Ar hhhp Oo \\*[Pm] Oc Ar d ,
467 where the number of digits after the hexadecimal-point character
468 is equal to the precision specification.
469 If the precision is missing, it is taken as enough to exactly
470 represent the floating-point number; if the precision is
471 explicitly zero, no hexadecimal-point character appears.
472 This is an exact conversion of the mantissa+exponent internal
473 floating point representation; the
475 .Oo \- Oc Li 0x Ar h Li \&. Ar hhh
477 portion represents exactly the mantissa; only denormalized
478 mantissas have a zero value to the left of the hexadecimal
482 is a literal character
484 the exponent is preceded by a positive or negative sign
485 and is represented in decimal, using only enough characters
486 to represent the exponent.
489 conversion uses the prefix
497 to represent the hex digits, and the letter
501 to separate the mantissa and exponent.
511 argument is converted to an
512 .Vt "unsigned char" ,
517 and the resulting character is written.
521 (ell) modifier is used, the
523 argument is converted to a
535 argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of character type (pointer
536 to a string) containing a multibyte sequence.
537 Characters from the array are converted to wide characters and written up to
542 if a precision is specified, no more than the number specified are
544 If a precision is given, no null character
545 need be present; if the precision is not specified, or is greater than
546 the size of the array, the array must contain a terminating
552 (ell) modifier is used, the
554 argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of wide characters
555 (pointer to a wide string).
556 Each wide character in the string
558 Wide characters from the array are written up to (but not including)
562 if a precision is specified, no more than the number specified are
563 written (including shift sequences).
564 If a precision is given, no null character
565 need be present; if the precision is not specified, or is greater than
566 the number of characters in
567 the string, the array must contain a terminating wide
573 pointer argument is printed in hexadecimal (as if by
578 The number of characters written so far is stored into the
579 integer indicated by the
581 (or variant) pointer argument.
582 No argument is converted.
587 No argument is converted.
588 The complete conversion specification
594 character is defined in the program's locale (category
597 In no case does a non-existent or small field width cause truncation of
598 a numeric field; if the result of a conversion is wider than the field
600 field is expanded to contain the conversion result.
601 .Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
613 Subject to the caveats noted in the