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32 .\" @(#)badsect.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/badsect/badsect.8,v 1.10.2.6 2002/08/21 18:58:06 trhodes Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/sbin/badsect/badsect.8,v 1.4 2006/04/08 08:17:07 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd create files to contain bad sectors
48 utility makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad sectors
49 are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides
50 a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver.
51 If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to
52 use that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding
53 makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with
55 The technique used by this program is also less general than
56 bad block forwarding, as
59 bad blocks in the i-list of file systems or in swap areas.
62 adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector table
63 currently requires the running of the standard
66 Thus to deal with a newly bad block
67 or on disks where the drivers
68 do not support the bad-blocking standard
70 may be used to good effect.
74 utility is used on a quiet file system in the following way:
75 First mount the file system, and change to its root directory.
81 giving as argument the
84 all the bad sectors you wish to add.
85 (The sector numbers must be relative to the beginning of
86 the file system, but this is not hard as the system reports
87 relative sector numbers in its console error messages.)
88 Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system
91 on the file system. The bad sectors should show up in two files
92 or in the bad sector files and the free list. Have
94 remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but
99 This will leave the bad sectors in only the
105 utility works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
108 creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing
109 bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number.
110 When it is discovered by
113 .Dq Li "HOLD BAD BLOCK \&?" .
114 A positive response will cause
116 to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block.
120 utility refuses to attach a block that
121 resides in a critical area or is out of range of the file system.
122 A warning is issued if the block is already in use.
131 If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad,
132 you should specify only one of them to
134 as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover all the sectors in a
135 file system fragment.