| blob | bd57deeb52f1e14f06ea4a23bf62513e6a486d57 |
1 # <pre>
2 # @(#)australasia 8.15
3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
8 # Notes are at the end of this file
10 ###############################################################################
12 # Australia
14 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
16 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
17 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
18 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
20 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
21 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
22 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
23 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
24 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
25 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
26 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
28 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
29 # Northern Territory
30 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
31 9:00 - CST 1899 May
32 9:30 Aus CST
33 # Western Australia
34 #
35 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
36 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
37 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
38 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
39 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
40 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
41 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
42 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
43 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
44 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
45 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
47 8:00 AW WST
48 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
50 8:45 AW CWST
52 # Queensland
53 #
54 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
55 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
56 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
57 # Queensland ceased to.
58 #
59 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
60 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
61 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
62 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
63 # so use Lindeman.
64 #
65 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
66 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
67 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
68 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
69 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
70 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
71 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
73 10:00 Aus EST 1971
74 10:00 AQ EST
75 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
76 10:00 Aus EST 1971
77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
78 10:00 Holiday EST
80 # South Australia
81 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
82 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
83 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
84 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
85 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
86 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
87 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
88 Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
89 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
90 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
91 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
92 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
93 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
94 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
96 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
97 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
98 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
99 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
100 9:00 - CST 1899 May
101 9:30 Aus CST 1971
102 9:30 AS CST
104 # Tasmania
105 #
106 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
107 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
108 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
109 #
110 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
111 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
112 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
113 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
114 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
115 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
116 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
117 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
118 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
119 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
120 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
121 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
122 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
123 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
124 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
125 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
126 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
127 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
128 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
129 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
131 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
132 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
133 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
134 10:00 Aus EST 1967
135 10:00 AT EST
136 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
137 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
138 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
139 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
140 10:00 AT EST
142 # Victoria
143 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
144 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
145 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
146 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
147 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
148 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
149 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
150 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
151 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
152 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
153 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
154 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
155 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
156 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
157 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
159 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
160 10:00 Aus EST 1971
161 10:00 AV EST
163 # New South Wales
164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
165 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
166 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
167 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
169 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
170 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
171 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
172 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
173 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
174 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
175 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
176 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
177 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
178 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
179 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
180 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
181 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
182 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
183 10:00 Aus EST 1971
184 10:00 AN EST
185 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
186 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
187 9:00 - CST 1899 May
188 9:30 Aus CST 1971
189 9:30 AN CST 2000
190 9:30 AS CST
192 # Lord Howe Island
193 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
194 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
195 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
196 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
197 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
198 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
199 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
200 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
201 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
202 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
203 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
204 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
205 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
206 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
207 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
208 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
209 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
210 10:30 LH LHST
212 # Australian miscellany
213 #
214 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
215 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
216 # no times are set
217 #
218 # Coral Sea Is
219 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
220 # no times are set
221 #
222 # Macquarie
223 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
224 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
225 # like Australia/Hobart
227 # Christmas
228 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
229 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
230 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
232 # Cook Is
233 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
234 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
235 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
236 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
237 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
238 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
239 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
240 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
241 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
243 # Cocos
244 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
245 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
247 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
248 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
250 # Fiji
251 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
252 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
253 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
254 #
255 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
256 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
257 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
258 # </a>
259 # or
260 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
261 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
262 # </a>
264 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
265 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
266 # amendments:
267 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
268 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
269 # </a>
270 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
271 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
272 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
273 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
274 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Apr 25 3:00 0 -
275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
276 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
277 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
279 # French Polynesia
280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
281 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
282 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
283 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
284 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
285 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
286 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
287 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
288 # it is uninhabited.
290 # Guam
291 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
292 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
293 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
294 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
295 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
297 # Kiribati
298 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
299 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
300 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
301 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
302 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
303 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
304 13:00 - PHOT
305 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
306 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
307 -10:00 - LINT 1995
308 14:00 - LINT
310 # N Mariana Is
311 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
312 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
313 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
314 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
315 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
316 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
318 # Marshall Is
319 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
320 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
321 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
322 12:00 - MHT
323 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
324 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
325 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
326 12:00 - MHT
328 # Micronesia
329 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
330 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
331 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
332 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
333 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
334 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
335 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
336 12:00 - KOST 1999
337 11:00 - KOST
339 # Nauru
340 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
341 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
342 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
343 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
344 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
345 12:00 - NRT
347 # New Caledonia
348 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
349 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
350 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
351 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
352 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
353 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
354 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
355 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
356 11:00 NC NC%sT
359 ###############################################################################
361 # New Zealand
363 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
364 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
365 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
366 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
367 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
368 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
369 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
370 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
371 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
372 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
373 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
374 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
375 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
376 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
377 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
378 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
379 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
380 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
381 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
382 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
383 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
384 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
385 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
386 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
387 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
388 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
389 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
390 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
391 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
392 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
393 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
394 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
395 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
396 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
399 # Auckland Is
400 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
401 # and scientific personnel have wintered
403 # Campbell I
404 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
405 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
406 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
407 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
409 ###############################################################################
412 # Niue
413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
414 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
415 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
416 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
417 -11:00 - NUT
419 # Norfolk
420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
422 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
423 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
425 # Palau (Belau)
426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
427 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
428 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
430 # Papua New Guinea
431 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
432 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
433 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
434 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
436 # Pitcairn
437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
439 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
440 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
442 # American Samoa
443 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
444 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
445 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
446 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
447 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
448 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
450 # Samoa
452 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-12-06):
453 # The Samoa government (Western Samoa) may implement DST on the first Sunday of
454 # October 2009 (October 4, 2009) until the last Sunday of March 2010 (March 28,
455 # 2010).
456 #
457 # "Selected Committee reports to Cabinet on Daylight Saving Time",
458 # Government of Samoa:
459 # <a href="http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560">
460 # http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560
461 # </a>
462 # or
463 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html">
464 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html
465 # </a>
467 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-27):
468 # Samoa's parliament passed the Daylight Saving Bill 2009, and will start
469 # daylight saving time on the first Sunday of October 2009 and end on the
470 # last Sunday of March 2010. We hope that the full text will be published
471 # soon, but we believe that the bill is only valid for 2009-2010. Samoa's
472 # Daylight Saving Act 2009 will be enforced as soon as the Head of State
473 # executes a proclamation publicizing this Act.
474 #
475 # Some background information here, which will be updated once we have
476 # more details:
477 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
478 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
479 # </a>
481 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-03):
482 # First, my deepest condolences to people of Samoa islands and all families and
483 # loved ones around the world who lost their lives in the earthquake and tsunami.
484 #
485 # Considering the recent devastation on Samoa by earthquake and tsunami and that
486 # many government offices/ ministers are closed- not sure if "Daylight Saving
487 # Bill 2009" will be implemented in next few days- on October 4, 2009.
488 #
489 # Here is reply from Consulate-General of Samoa in New Zealand
490 # ---------------------------
491 # Consul General
492 # consulgeneral@samoaconsulate.org.nz
493 #
494 # Talofa Alexander,
495 #
496 # Thank you for your sympathy for our country but at this time we have not
497 # been informed about the Daylight Savings Time Change. Most Ministries in
498 # Apia are closed or relocating due to weather concerns.
499 #
500 # When we do find out if they are still proceeding with the time change we
501 # will advise you soonest.
502 #
503 # Kind Regards,
504 # Lana
505 # for: Consul General
507 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-05):
508 # We have called a hotel in Samoa and asked about local time there - they
509 # are still on standard time.
511 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
512 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
513 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
514 -11:00 - WST 2009 Oct 4
515 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2010 Mar 28
516 -11:00 - WST
518 # Solomon Is
519 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
520 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
521 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
522 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
524 # Tokelau Is
525 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
526 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
527 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
529 # Tonga
530 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
531 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
532 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
533 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
534 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
535 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
536 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
537 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
538 13:00 - TOT 1999
539 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
541 # Tuvalu
542 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
543 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
544 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
547 # US minor outlying islands
549 # Howland, Baker
550 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
551 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
552 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
553 # uninhabited thereafter.
554 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
555 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
556 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
557 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
558 # until they were abandoned after the war.
560 # Jarvis
561 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
562 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
563 # uninhabited thereafter.
564 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
566 # Johnston
567 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
568 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
570 # Kingman
571 # uninhabited
573 # Midway
574 #
575 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
576 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
577 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
578 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
579 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
580 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
581 # designations that I've never seen before:....
582 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
583 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
584 #
585 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
586 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
587 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
588 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
589 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
590 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
592 # Palmyra
593 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
595 # Wake
596 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
597 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
598 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
601 # Vanuatu
602 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
603 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
604 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
605 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
606 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
607 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
608 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
609 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
610 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
611 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
613 # Wallis and Futuna
614 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
615 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
616 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
618 ###############################################################################
620 # NOTES
622 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
623 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
624 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
626 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
627 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
628 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
629 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
630 #
631 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
632 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
633 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
634 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
635 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
636 #
637 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
638 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
639 #
640 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
641 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
642 # I found in the UCLA library.
643 #
644 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
645 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
646 #
647 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
648 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
649 # Corrections are welcome!
650 # std dst
651 # LMT Local Mean Time
652 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
653 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
654 # 9:00 JST Japan
655 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
656 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
657 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
658 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
659 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
660 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
661 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
662 # -11:00 SST Samoa
663 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
664 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
665 #
666 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
667 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
669 ###############################################################################
671 # Australia
673 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
674 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
675 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
676 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
678 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
679 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
680 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
681 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
683 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
684 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
685 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
686 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
687 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
688 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
689 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
690 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
691 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
692 # time'.
693 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
694 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
695 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
696 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
697 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
698 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
699 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
701 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
702 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
703 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
704 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
705 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
707 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
708 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
709 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
710 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
711 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
713 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
714 # versus "AEST" etc.:
715 #
716 # I see the following points of dispute:
717 #
718 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
719 #
720 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
721 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
722 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
723 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
724 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
725 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
726 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
727 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
728 #
729 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
730 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
731 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
732 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
733 #
734 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
735 #
736 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
737 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
738 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
739 # Time, for example.
740 #
741 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
742 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
743 # tiebreaker.
744 #
745 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
746 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
747 # the word "Australian"?
748 #
749 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
750 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
751 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
752 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
753 # following count of page hits:
754 #
755 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
756 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
757 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
758 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
759 #
760 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
761 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
762 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
763 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
764 #
765 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
766 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
767 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
768 # are the hit counts anyway:
769 #
770 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
771 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
772 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
773 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
774 #
775 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
776 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
777 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au
778 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
779 #
780 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
781 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au
782 #
783 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
784 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
785 # the ambiguities involved.
786 #
787 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
788 #
789 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
790 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
791 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
792 # understood in Australia.
794 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
795 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
796 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
797 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
798 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
799 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
800 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
802 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
803 #
804 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
805 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
806 # relevant entries in this database.
807 #
808 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
809 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
810 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
811 # </a>
812 # ACT
813 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
814 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
815 # </a>
816 # SA
817 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
818 # Standard Time Act, 1898
819 # </a>
821 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
822 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
823 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
824 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
825 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
826 #
827 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
828 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
829 # to extend DST together in 2006.
830 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
831 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
832 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
833 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
834 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
835 # allude to it.
836 # But not Queensland
837 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
839 # Northern Territory
841 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
842 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
843 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
844 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
845 # ...
846 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
848 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
849 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
850 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
852 # Western Australia
854 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
855 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
856 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
857 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
858 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
859 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
860 # # before reaching parliament.
861 # ...
862 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
863 # ...
864 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
865 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
866 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
867 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
869 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
870 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
871 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
873 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
874 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
875 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
876 # work at 9.00am.)
877 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
878 # everybody again.
880 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
881 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
882 # it matches what was used in the past.
884 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
885 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
886 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
887 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
889 # Queensland
890 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
891 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
892 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
893 # ...
894 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
895 # ...
896 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
897 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
898 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
899 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
901 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
902 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
903 # October 1989).
905 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
906 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
907 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
908 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
910 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
911 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
912 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
913 # me.)
915 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
916 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
917 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
918 # ...
919 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
920 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
921 # ...
923 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
924 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
926 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
927 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
928 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
929 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
931 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
932 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
933 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
934 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
935 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
936 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
937 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
938 # Australia and Western Australia....
939 #
940 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
941 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
942 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
943 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
944 #
945 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
946 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
947 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
948 # coast of the continent.
949 #
950 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
951 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
952 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
953 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
954 # the largest population centre in this zone....
955 #
956 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
957 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
958 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
959 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
960 #
961 # (2006-12-09):
962 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
963 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
964 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
965 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
967 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
968 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
969 # introduction of standard time in 1895.
972 # southeast Australia
973 #
974 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
975 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
976 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
977 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
980 # South Australia
982 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
983 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
984 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
985 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
987 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
988 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
989 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
990 # ...
991 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
992 # ...
993 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
994 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
995 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
996 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
998 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
999 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1000 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1001 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1003 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1004 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1005 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1006 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1007 # is on...
1009 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1010 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1011 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1012 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1014 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1015 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1016 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1017 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1019 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1020 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1021 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1022 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1024 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1025 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1027 # Tasmania
1029 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1030 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1031 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1032 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1034 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1035 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1036 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1037 # (but nothing new about that).
1039 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1040 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1041 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1042 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1043 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1044 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
1046 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1047 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1049 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1050 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1052 # Victoria
1054 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1055 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1056 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1057 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1059 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1060 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1061 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1062 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1063 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1064 # in Melbourne, Australia.
1065 #
1066 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1067 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1068 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1069 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1070 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1071 # expected time.
1072 #
1073 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1074 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1075 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1076 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1077 #
1078 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1079 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1081 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1082 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1084 # New South Wales
1086 # From Arthur David Olson:
1087 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1088 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1089 # who notes:
1090 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1091 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1092 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1093 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1094 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
1095 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
1097 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1098 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1099 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1100 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1101 # Two months more daylight saving
1102 # </a>
1103 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1105 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1106 # See the following official NSW source:
1107 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1108 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1109 # </a>
1110 #
1111 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1112 # daylight saving next year. See:
1113 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1114 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1115 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1116 #
1117 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
1118 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1119 # Vic to extend daylight saving
1120 # </a> (1999-07-28).
1121 #
1122 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1123 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1124 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1125 # </a> (1999-07-19).
1126 #
1127 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1128 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1129 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1130 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1131 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1132 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1133 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1134 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1135 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1136 #
1137 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1138 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1139 # Broken Hill to be behind the times
1140 # </a> (1999-07-21).
1142 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1143 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1144 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1146 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1147 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1148 # towns to use Queensland time.
1150 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1151 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1153 # Yancowinna
1155 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1156 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1158 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1159 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1160 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1161 # ...
1162 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1163 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1164 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1165 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1166 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1167 # # presently available.
1168 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1169 # ...
1170 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1171 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1172 # [followed by other Rules]
1174 # Lord Howe Island
1176 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1177 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1178 # [ Dec 1990 ]
1179 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1180 # hour ahead of NSW time.
1182 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1183 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1184 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1185 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1186 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1187 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1188 # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
1189 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1190 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1191 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1193 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1194 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1195 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1196 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1197 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1198 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1200 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1201 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1202 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1204 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1205 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1207 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1208 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1209 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1210 # summer (southern hemisphere).
1211 #
1212 # From
1213 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1214 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1215 # </a>
1216 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1217 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1218 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1219 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1220 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1221 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1222 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1223 #
1224 # We have a wrap-up here:
1225 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1226 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1227 # </a>
1228 ###############################################################################
1230 # New Zealand
1232 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1233 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1234 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1235 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1236 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1238 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1239 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1240 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1241 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1242 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1243 # ...
1244 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1245 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1246 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1247 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1248 # ...
1249 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1250 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1252 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1253 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1254 # rather than the October 1 value.
1256 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1257 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1258 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1259 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1260 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1261 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1262 #
1263 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1264 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1265 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1266 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1267 #
1268 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1269 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1270 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1272 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1273 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1274 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1275 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1276 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1278 ###############################################################################
1281 # Fiji
1283 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1284 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1285 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1287 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1288 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1289 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1290 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1292 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1293 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1295 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1296 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1297 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1298 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1299 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1300 # millenium.
1302 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1303 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1305 # Johnston
1307 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
1310 # Kiribati
1312 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1313 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1314 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1315 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1318 # Kwajalein
1320 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1321 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1322 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1323 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1324 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1327 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1329 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1330 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1331 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1332 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1333 # see Asia/Manila.
1335 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1336 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1337 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1338 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1341 # Micronesia
1343 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1344 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1345 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1346 #
1347 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1348 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1350 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1351 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1352 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1353 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1354 # </a> (1999-01-26)
1355 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1356 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1359 # Midway
1361 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1362 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1363 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1364 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1365 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1366 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1367 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1368 # air at 6am your time.
1369 #
1370 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1371 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1372 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1373 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1376 # Pitcairn
1378 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1379 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1380 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1381 #
1382 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1383 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1384 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1385 #
1386 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1387 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1388 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1390 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1391 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1392 # ... at midnight.
1394 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1395 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1396 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1397 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1400 # Samoa
1402 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1403 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1404 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1405 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1406 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1409 # Tonga
1411 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1412 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1413 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1414 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1416 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1417 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1418 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1419 # </a>:
1421 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1422 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1423 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1424 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1425 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1426 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1427 #
1428 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1429 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1430 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1431 #
1432 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1433 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1434 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1435 # minutes we have lost?"
1436 #
1437 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1438 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1439 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1441 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1442 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1444 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1445 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1446 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1447 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1448 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1449 # Government.
1451 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1452 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1453 #
1454 # I was given this link by John Letts:
1455 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1456 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1457 # </a>
1458 #
1459 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1460 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1461 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1462 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1464 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1465 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1466 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1467 # </a>:
1468 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1469 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1470 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1471 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1472 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1473 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1475 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1476 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1477 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1479 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1480 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1481 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1482 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1483 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1484 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1485 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1487 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1488 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1490 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1491 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1492 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1493 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1494 # hour to 1:00am.
1496 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1497 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1500 # Wake
1502 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1503 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1504 #
1505 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1506 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1507 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1508 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1509 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1510 # impossible.
1511 #
1512 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1514 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1515 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1517 ###############################################################################
1519 # The International Date Line
1521 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1522 #
1523 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1524 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1525 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1526 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1527 #
1528 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1529 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1530 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1531 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1532 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1533 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1534 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1535 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1536 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1537 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1538 # correct date is ambiguous.
1540 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1541 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1542 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1543 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1544 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1545 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1546 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1547 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1548 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1549 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1550 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1551 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1552 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
1554 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1555 # (2005-03-20):
1556 #
1557 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1558 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1559 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1560 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.