1 .\" $KAME: getipnodebyname.3,v 1.6 2000/08/09 21:16:17 itojun Exp $
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30 .\" From: @(#)gethostbyname.3 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/25/95
31 .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/net/getipnodebyname.3,v 1.18 2007/01/09 00:28:02 imp Exp $
41 .Nd nodename-to-address and address-to-nodename translation
49 .Ft "struct hostent *"
50 .Fn getipnodebyname "const char *name" "int af" "int flags" "int *error_num"
51 .Ft "struct hostent *"
52 .Fn getipnodebyaddr "const void *src" "size_t len" "int af" "int *error_num"
54 .Fn freehostent "struct hostent *ptr"
61 functions are very similar to
66 The functions cover all the functionalities provided by the older ones,
67 and provide better interface to programmers.
68 The functions require additional arguments,
72 for specifying address family and operation mode.
73 The additional arguments allow programmer to get address for a nodename,
74 for specific address family
79 The functions also require an additional pointer argument,
81 to return the appropriate error code,
82 to support thread safe error code returns.
84 The type and usage of the return value,
93 argument can be either a node name or a numeric address
95 (i.e., a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or an IPv6 hex address).
98 argument specifies the address family, either
104 argument specifies the types of addresses that are searched for,
105 and the types of addresses that are returned.
106 We note that a special flags value of
109 should handle most applications.
110 That is, porting simple applications to use IPv6 replaces the call
112 hptr = gethostbyname(name);
117 hptr = getipnodebyname(name, AF_INET6, AI_DEFAULT, &error_num);
120 Applications desiring finer control over the types of addresses
121 searched for and returned, can specify other combinations of the
129 implies a strict interpretation of the
140 then the caller wants only IPv4 addresses.
144 If successful, the IPv4 addresses are returned and the
148 structure will be 4, else the function returns a
158 then the caller wants only IPv6 addresses.
162 If successful, the IPv6 addresses are returned and the
166 structure will be 16, else the function returns a
171 Other constants can be logically-ORed into the
173 argument, to modify the behavior of the function.
178 flag is specified along with an
182 then the caller will accept IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses.
185 records are found then a query is made for
187 records and any found are returned as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses
192 flag is ignored unless
199 flag is exact same as the
201 flag only if the kernel supports IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.
205 flag is used in conjunction with the
207 flag, and only used with the IPv6 address family.
210 is logically or'd with
212 flag then the caller wants all addresses: IPv6 and IPv4-mapped IPv6.
213 A query is first made for
215 records and if successful, the
216 IPv6 addresses are returned.
217 Another query is then made for
219 records and any found are returned as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses.
222 Only if both queries fail does the function
226 This flag is ignored unless af equals
238 flag specifies that a query for
241 should occur only if the node has at least one IPv6 source
242 address configured and a query for
244 records should occur only if the node has at least one IPv4 source address
247 For example, if the node has no IPv6 source addresses configured,
250 equals AF_INET6, and the node name being looked up has both
258 specified, the function returns a
267 records are returned as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses;
270 The special flags value of
274 #define AI_DEFAULT (AI_V4MAPPED_CFG | AI_ADDRCONFIG)
279 function must allow the
281 argument to be either a node name or a literal address string
282 (i.e., a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or an IPv6 hex address).
283 This saves applications from having to call
285 to handle literal address strings.
288 argument is a literal address string,
291 argument is always ignored.
293 There are four scenarios based on the type of literal address string
297 The two simple cases are when
299 is a dotted-decimal IPv4 address and
305 is an IPv6 hex address and
310 returned hostent structure are:
312 points to a copy of the
331 is a pointer to the 4-byte or 16-byte binary address,
340 is a dotted-decimal IPv4 address and
347 an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address is returned:
349 points to an IPv6 hex address containing the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address,
360 is a pointer to the 16-byte binary address, and
368 is an IPv6 hex address and
372 The function's return value is a
374 pointer and the value pointed to by
382 takes almost the same argument as
383 .Xr gethostbyaddr 3 ,
384 but adds a pointer to return an error number.
385 Additionally it takes care of IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses,
386 and IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses.
393 dynamically allocate the structure to be returned to the caller.
397 reclaims memory region allocated and returned by
400 .Fn getipnodebyaddr .
403 .Bl -tag -width /etc/nsswitch.conf -compact
405 .It Pa /etc/nsswitch.conf
406 .It Pa /etc/resolv.conf
418 The integer values pointed to by
420 may then be checked to see whether this is a temporary failure
421 or an invalid or unknown host.
422 The meanings of each error code are described in
423 .Xr gethostbyname 3 .
427 .Xr gethostbyaddr 3 ,
428 .Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
431 .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 ,
440 .%T Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6
452 .Dq Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6
456 The implementation first appeared in KAME advanced networking kit.
464 do not handle scoped IPv6 address properly.
465 If you use these functions,
466 your program will not be able to handle scoped IPv6 addresses.
467 For IPv6 address manipulation,
473 The text was shamelessly copied from RFC 2553.