usr.sbin/makefs: Sync with sys/vfs/hammer2

[dragonfly.git] / usr.sbin / makefs / hammer2 / hammer2_inode.c

/*
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2022 Tomohiro Kusumi <tkusumi@netbsd.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2011-2022 The DragonFly Project.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
 * by Matthew Dillon <dillon@dragonflybsd.org>
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without specific, prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
/*
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/uuid.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
*/

#include "hammer2.h"

#define INODE_DEBUG     0

RB_GENERATE2(hammer2_inode_tree, hammer2_inode, rbnode, hammer2_inode_cmp,
             hammer2_tid_t, meta.inum);

int
hammer2_inode_cmp(hammer2_inode_t *ip1, hammer2_inode_t *ip2)
{
        if (ip1->meta.inum < ip2->meta.inum)
                return(-1);
        if (ip1->meta.inum > ip2->meta.inum)
                return(1);
        return(0);
}

/*
 * Caller holds pmp->list_spin and the inode should be locked.  Merge ip
 * with the specified depend.
 *
 * If the ip is on SYNCQ it stays there and (void *)-1 is returned, indicating
 * that successive calls must ensure the ip is on a pass2 depend (or they are
 * all SYNCQ).  If the passed-in depend is not NULL and not (void *)-1 then
 * we can set pass2 on it and return.
 *
 * If the ip is not on SYNCQ it is merged with the passed-in depend, creating
 * a self-depend if necessary, and depend->pass2 is set according
 * to the PASS2 flag.  SIDEQ is set.
 */
static __noinline
hammer2_depend_t *
hammer2_inode_setdepend_locked(hammer2_inode_t *ip, hammer2_depend_t *depend)
{
        hammer2_pfs_t *pmp = ip->pmp;
        hammer2_depend_t *dtmp;
        hammer2_inode_t *iptmp;

        /*
         * If ip is SYNCQ its entry is used for the syncq list and it will
         * no longer be associated with a dependency.  Merging this status
         * with a passed-in depend implies PASS2.
         */
        if (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_SYNCQ) {
                if (depend == (void *)-1 ||
                    depend == NULL) {
                        return ((void *)-1);
                }
                depend->pass2 = 1;
                hammer2_trans_setflags(pmp, HAMMER2_TRANS_RESCAN);

                return depend;
        }

        /*
         * If ip is already SIDEQ, merge ip->depend into the passed-in depend.
         * If it is not, associate the ip with the passed-in depend, creating
         * a single-entry dependency using depend_static if necessary.
         *
         * NOTE: The use of ip->depend_static always requires that the
         *       specific ip containing the structure is part of that
         *       particular depend_static's dependency group.
         */
        if (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_SIDEQ) {
                /*
                 * Merge ip->depend with the passed-in depend.  If the
                 * passed-in depend is not a special case, all ips associated
                 * with ip->depend (including the original ip) must be moved
                 * to the passed-in depend.
                 */
                if (depend == NULL) {
                        depend = ip->depend;
                } else if (depend == (void *)-1) {
                        depend = ip->depend;
                        depend->pass2 = 1;
                } else if (depend != ip->depend) {
#ifdef INVARIANTS
                        int sanitychk = 0;
#endif
                        dtmp = ip->depend;
                        while ((iptmp = TAILQ_FIRST(&dtmp->sideq)) != NULL) {
#ifdef INVARIANTS
                                if (iptmp == ip)
                                        sanitychk = 1;
#endif
                                TAILQ_REMOVE(&dtmp->sideq, iptmp, entry);
                                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&depend->sideq, iptmp, entry);
                                iptmp->depend = depend;
                        }
                        KKASSERT(sanitychk == 1);
                        depend->count += dtmp->count;
                        depend->pass2 |= dtmp->pass2;
                        TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmp->depq, dtmp, entry);
                        dtmp->count = 0;
                        dtmp->pass2 = 0;
                }
        } else {
                /*
                 * Add ip to the sideq, creating a self-dependency if
                 * necessary.
                 */
                hammer2_inode_ref(ip); /* extra ref usually via hammer2_inode_modify() */
                atomic_set_int(&ip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_SIDEQ);
                if (depend == NULL) {
                        depend = &ip->depend_static;
                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pmp->depq, depend, entry);
                } else if (depend == (void *)-1) {
                        depend = &ip->depend_static;
                        depend->pass2 = 1;
                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pmp->depq, depend, entry);
                } /* else add ip to passed-in depend */
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&depend->sideq, ip, entry);
                ip->depend = depend;
                ++depend->count;
                ++pmp->sideq_count;
        }

        if (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_SYNCQ_PASS2)
                depend->pass2 = 1;
        if (depend->pass2)
                hammer2_trans_setflags(pmp, HAMMER2_TRANS_RESCAN);

        return depend;
}

/*
 * Put a solo inode on the SIDEQ (meaning that its dirty).  This can also
 * occur from inode_lock4() and inode_depend().
 *
 * Caller must pass-in a locked inode.
 */
void
hammer2_inode_delayed_sideq(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        hammer2_pfs_t *pmp = ip->pmp;

        /*
         * Optimize case to avoid pmp spinlock.
         */
        if ((ip->flags & (HAMMER2_INODE_SYNCQ | HAMMER2_INODE_SIDEQ)) == 0) {
                hammer2_spin_ex(&pmp->list_spin);
                hammer2_inode_setdepend_locked(ip, NULL);
                hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->list_spin);
        }
}

/*
 * Lock an inode, with SYNCQ semantics.
 *
 * HAMMER2 offers shared and exclusive locks on inodes.  Pass a mask of
 * flags for options:
 *
 *      - pass HAMMER2_RESOLVE_SHARED if a shared lock is desired.
 *        shared locks are not subject to SYNCQ semantics, exclusive locks
 *        are.
 *
 *      - pass HAMMER2_RESOLVE_ALWAYS if you need the inode's meta-data.
 *        Most front-end inode locks do.
 *
 *      - pass HAMMER2_RESOLVE_NEVER if you do not want to require that
 *        the inode data be resolved.  This is used by the syncthr because
 *        it can run on an unresolved/out-of-sync cluster, and also by the
 *        vnode reclamation code to avoid unnecessary I/O (particularly when
 *        disposing of hundreds of thousands of cached vnodes).
 *
 * This function, along with lock4, has SYNCQ semantics.  If the inode being
 * locked is on the SYNCQ, that is it has been staged by the syncer, we must
 * block until the operation is complete (even if we can lock the inode).  In
 * order to reduce the stall time, we re-order the inode to the front of the
 * pmp->syncq prior to blocking.  This reordering VERY significantly improves
 * performance.
 *
 * The inode locking function locks the inode itself, resolves any stale
 * chains in the inode's cluster, and allocates a fresh copy of the
 * cluster with 1 ref and all the underlying chains locked.
 *
 * ip->cluster will be stable while the inode is locked.
 *
 * NOTE: We don't combine the inode/chain lock because putting away an
 *       inode would otherwise confuse multiple lock holders of the inode.
 */
void
hammer2_inode_lock(hammer2_inode_t *ip, int how)
{
        hammer2_pfs_t *pmp;

        hammer2_inode_ref(ip);
        pmp = ip->pmp;

        /*
         * Inode structure mutex - Shared lock
         */
        if (how & HAMMER2_RESOLVE_SHARED) {
                hammer2_mtx_sh(&ip->lock);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Inode structure mutex - Exclusive lock
         *
         * An exclusive lock (if not recursive) must wait for inodes on
         * SYNCQ to flush first, to ensure that meta-data dependencies such
         * as the nlink count and related directory entries are not split
         * across flushes.
         *
         * If the vnode is locked by the current thread it must be unlocked
         * across the tsleep() to avoid a deadlock.
         */
        hammer2_mtx_ex(&ip->lock);
        if (hammer2_mtx_refs(&ip->lock) > 1)
                return;
        while ((ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_SYNCQ) && pmp) {
                hammer2_spin_ex(&pmp->list_spin);
                if (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_SYNCQ) {
                        tsleep_interlock(&ip->flags, 0);
                        atomic_set_int(&ip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_SYNCQ_WAKEUP);
                        TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmp->syncq, ip, entry);
                        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pmp->syncq, ip, entry);
                        hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->list_spin);
                        hammer2_mtx_unlock(&ip->lock);
                        tsleep(&ip->flags, PINTERLOCKED, "h2sync", 0);
                        hammer2_mtx_ex(&ip->lock);
                        continue;
                }
                hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->list_spin);
                break;
        }
}

/*
 * Exclusively lock up to four inodes, in order, with SYNCQ semantics.
 * ip1 and ip2 must not be NULL.  ip3 and ip4 may be NULL, but if ip3 is
 * NULL then ip4 must also be NULL.
 *
 * This creates a dependency between up to four inodes.
 */
void
hammer2_inode_lock4(hammer2_inode_t *ip1, hammer2_inode_t *ip2,
                    hammer2_inode_t *ip3, hammer2_inode_t *ip4)
{
        hammer2_inode_t *ips[4];
        hammer2_inode_t *iptmp;
        hammer2_inode_t *ipslp;
        hammer2_depend_t *depend;
        hammer2_pfs_t *pmp;
        size_t count;
        size_t i;

        pmp = ip1->pmp;                 /* may be NULL */
        KKASSERT(pmp == ip2->pmp);

        ips[0] = ip1;
        ips[1] = ip2;
        if (ip3 == NULL) {
                count = 2;
        } else if (ip4 == NULL) {
                count = 3;
                ips[2] = ip3;
                KKASSERT(pmp == ip3->pmp);
        } else {
                count = 4;
                ips[2] = ip3;
                ips[3] = ip4;
                KKASSERT(pmp == ip3->pmp);
                KKASSERT(pmp == ip4->pmp);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
                hammer2_inode_ref(ips[i]);

restart:
        /*
         * Lock the inodes in order
         */
        for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                hammer2_mtx_ex(&ips[i]->lock);
        }

        /*
         * Associate dependencies, record the first inode found on SYNCQ
         * (operation is allowed to proceed for inodes on PASS2) for our
         * sleep operation, this inode is theoretically the last one sync'd
         * in the sequence.
         *
         * All inodes found on SYNCQ are moved to the head of the syncq
         * to reduce stalls.
         */
        hammer2_spin_ex(&pmp->list_spin);
        depend = NULL;
        ipslp = NULL;
        for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                iptmp = ips[i];
                depend = hammer2_inode_setdepend_locked(iptmp, depend);
                if (iptmp->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_SYNCQ) {
                        TAILQ_REMOVE(&pmp->syncq, iptmp, entry);
                        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pmp->syncq, iptmp, entry);
                        if (ipslp == NULL)
                                ipslp = iptmp;
                }
        }
        hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->list_spin);

        /*
         * Block and retry if any of the inodes are on SYNCQ.  It is
         * important that we allow the operation to proceed in the
         * PASS2 case, to avoid deadlocking against the vnode.
         */
        if (ipslp) {
                for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
                        hammer2_mtx_unlock(&ips[i]->lock);
                tsleep(&ipslp->flags, 0, "h2sync", 2);
                goto restart;
        }
}

/*
 * Release an inode lock.  If another thread is blocked on SYNCQ_WAKEUP
 * we wake them up.
 */
void
hammer2_inode_unlock(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        if (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_SYNCQ_WAKEUP) {
                atomic_clear_int(&ip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_SYNCQ_WAKEUP);
                hammer2_mtx_unlock(&ip->lock);
                wakeup(&ip->flags);
        } else {
                hammer2_mtx_unlock(&ip->lock);
        }
        hammer2_inode_drop(ip);
}

/*
 * If either ip1 or ip2 have been tapped by the syncer, make sure that both
 * are.  This ensure that dependencies (e.g. dirent-v-inode) are synced
 * together.  For dirent-v-inode depends, pass the dirent as ip1.
 *
 * If neither ip1 or ip2 have been tapped by the syncer, merge them into a
 * single dependency.  Dependencies are entered into pmp->depq.  This
 * effectively flags the inodes SIDEQ.
 *
 * Both ip1 and ip2 must be locked by the caller.  This also ensures
 * that we can't race the end of the syncer's queue run.
 */
void
hammer2_inode_depend(hammer2_inode_t *ip1, hammer2_inode_t *ip2)
{
        hammer2_pfs_t *pmp;
        hammer2_depend_t *depend;

        pmp = ip1->pmp;
        hammer2_spin_ex(&pmp->list_spin);
        depend = hammer2_inode_setdepend_locked(ip1, NULL);
        depend = hammer2_inode_setdepend_locked(ip2, depend);
        hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->list_spin);
}

/*
 * Select a chain out of an inode's cluster and lock it.
 *
 * The inode does not have to be locked.
 */
hammer2_chain_t *
hammer2_inode_chain(hammer2_inode_t *ip, int clindex, int how)
{
        hammer2_chain_t *chain;
        hammer2_cluster_t *cluster;

        hammer2_spin_sh(&ip->cluster_spin);
        cluster = &ip->cluster;
        if (clindex >= cluster->nchains)
                chain = NULL;
        else
                chain = cluster->array[clindex].chain;
        if (chain) {
                hammer2_chain_ref(chain);
                hammer2_spin_unsh(&ip->cluster_spin);
                hammer2_chain_lock(chain, how);
        } else {
                hammer2_spin_unsh(&ip->cluster_spin);
        }
        return chain;
}

hammer2_chain_t *
hammer2_inode_chain_and_parent(hammer2_inode_t *ip, int clindex,
                               hammer2_chain_t **parentp, int how)
{
        hammer2_chain_t *chain;
        hammer2_chain_t *parent;

        for (;;) {
                hammer2_spin_sh(&ip->cluster_spin);
                if (clindex >= ip->cluster.nchains)
                        chain = NULL;
                else
                        chain = ip->cluster.array[clindex].chain;
                if (chain) {
                        hammer2_chain_ref(chain);
                        hammer2_spin_unsh(&ip->cluster_spin);
                        hammer2_chain_lock(chain, how);
                } else {
                        hammer2_spin_unsh(&ip->cluster_spin);
                }

                /*
                 * Get parent, lock order must be (parent, chain).
                 */
                parent = chain->parent;
                if (parent) {
                        hammer2_chain_ref(parent);
                        hammer2_chain_unlock(chain);
                        hammer2_chain_lock(parent, how);
                        hammer2_chain_lock(chain, how);
                }
                if (ip->cluster.array[clindex].chain == chain &&
                    chain->parent == parent) {
                        break;
                }

                /*
                 * Retry
                 */
                hammer2_chain_unlock(chain);
                hammer2_chain_drop(chain);
                if (parent) {
                        hammer2_chain_unlock(parent);
                        hammer2_chain_drop(parent);
                }
        }
        *parentp = parent;

        return chain;
}

/*
 * Temporarily release a lock held shared or exclusive.  Caller must
 * hold the lock shared or exclusive on call and lock will be released
 * on return.
 *
 * Restore a lock that was temporarily released.
 */
hammer2_mtx_state_t
hammer2_inode_lock_temp_release(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        return hammer2_mtx_temp_release(&ip->lock);
}

void
hammer2_inode_lock_temp_restore(hammer2_inode_t *ip, hammer2_mtx_state_t ostate)
{
        hammer2_mtx_temp_restore(&ip->lock, ostate);
}

/*
 * Upgrade a shared inode lock to exclusive and return.  If the inode lock
 * is already held exclusively this is a NOP.
 *
 * The caller MUST hold the inode lock either shared or exclusive on call
 * and will own the lock exclusively on return.
 *
 * Returns non-zero if the lock was already exclusive prior to the upgrade.
 */
int
hammer2_inode_lock_upgrade(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        int wasexclusive;

        /* XXX pretends it wasn't exclusive, but shouldn't matter */
        //if (mtx_islocked_ex(&ip->lock)) {
        if (0) {
                wasexclusive = 1;
        } else {
                hammer2_mtx_unlock(&ip->lock);
                hammer2_mtx_ex(&ip->lock);
                wasexclusive = 0;
        }
        return wasexclusive;
}

/*
 * Downgrade an inode lock from exclusive to shared only if the inode
 * lock was previously shared.  If the inode lock was previously exclusive,
 * this is a NOP.
 */
void
hammer2_inode_lock_downgrade(hammer2_inode_t *ip, int wasexclusive)
{
        if (wasexclusive == 0)
                hammer2_mtx_downgrade(&ip->lock);
}

/*
 * Lookup an inode by inode number
 */
hammer2_inode_t *
hammer2_inode_lookup(hammer2_pfs_t *pmp, hammer2_tid_t inum)
{
        hammer2_inode_t *ip;

        KKASSERT(pmp);
        if (pmp->spmp_hmp) {
                ip = NULL;
        } else {
                hammer2_spin_ex(&pmp->inum_spin);
                ip = RB_LOOKUP(hammer2_inode_tree, &pmp->inum_tree, inum);
                if (ip)
                        hammer2_inode_ref(ip);
                hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->inum_spin);
        }
        return(ip);
}

/*
 * Adding a ref to an inode is only legal if the inode already has at least
 * one ref.
 *
 * (can be called with spinlock held)
 */
void
hammer2_inode_ref(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        atomic_add_int(&ip->refs, 1);
        if (hammer2_debug & 0x80000) {
                kprintf("INODE+1 %p (%d->%d)\n", ip, ip->refs - 1, ip->refs);
                print_backtrace(8);
        }
}

/*
 * Drop an inode reference, freeing the inode when the last reference goes
 * away.
 */
void
hammer2_inode_drop(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        hammer2_pfs_t *pmp;
        u_int refs;

        while (ip) {
                if (hammer2_debug & 0x80000) {
                        kprintf("INODE-1 %p (%d->%d)\n",
                                ip, ip->refs, ip->refs - 1);
                        print_backtrace(8);
                }
                refs = ip->refs;
                cpu_ccfence();
                if (refs == 1) {
                        /*
                         * Transition to zero, must interlock with
                         * the inode inumber lookup tree (if applicable).
                         * It should not be possible for anyone to race
                         * the transition to 0.
                         */
                        pmp = ip->pmp;
                        KKASSERT(pmp);
                        hammer2_spin_ex(&pmp->inum_spin);

                        if (atomic_cmpset_int(&ip->refs, 1, 0)) {
                                KKASSERT(hammer2_mtx_refs(&ip->lock) == 0);
                                if (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_ONRBTREE) {
                                        atomic_clear_int(&ip->flags,
                                                     HAMMER2_INODE_ONRBTREE);
                                        RB_REMOVE(hammer2_inode_tree,
                                                  &pmp->inum_tree, ip);
                                        --pmp->inum_count;
                                }
                                hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->inum_spin);

                                ip->pmp = NULL;

                                /*
                                 * Cleaning out ip->cluster isn't entirely
                                 * trivial.
                                 */
                                hammer2_inode_repoint(ip, NULL);

                                /*
                                 * VOP_RECLAIM is currently unused,
                                 * so directly free vnode before inode.
                                 */
                                if (ip->vp) {
                                        if (ip->vp->v_malloced)
                                                freevnode(ip->vp);
                                } else {
                                        /* PFS inode ? */
                                }

                                kfree_obj(ip, pmp->minode);
                                atomic_add_long(&pmp->inmem_inodes, -1);
                                ip = NULL;      /* will terminate loop */
                        } else {
                                hammer2_spin_unex(&ip->pmp->inum_spin);
                        }
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Non zero transition
                         */
                        if (atomic_cmpset_int(&ip->refs, refs, refs - 1))
                                break;
                }
        }
}

/*
 * Get the vnode associated with the given inode, allocating the vnode if
 * necessary.  The vnode will be returned exclusively locked.
 *
 * *errorp is set to a UNIX error, not a HAMMER2 error.
 *
 * The caller must lock the inode (shared or exclusive).
 *
 * Great care must be taken to avoid deadlocks and vnode acquisition/reclaim
 * races.
 */
struct m_vnode *
hammer2_igetv(hammer2_inode_t *ip, int *errorp)
{
        hammer2_pfs_t *pmp;
        struct m_vnode *vp;

        pmp = ip->pmp;
        KKASSERT(pmp != NULL);
        *errorp = 0;

        for (;;) {
                /*
                 * Attempt to reuse an existing vnode assignment.  It is
                 * possible to race a reclaim so the vget() may fail.  The
                 * inode must be unlocked during the vget() to avoid a
                 * deadlock against a reclaim.
                 */
                int wasexclusive;

                vp = ip->vp;
                if (vp) {
                        /*
                         * Inode must be unlocked during the vget() to avoid
                         * possible deadlocks, but leave the ip ref intact.
                         *
                         * vnode is held to prevent destruction during the
                         * vget().  The vget() can still fail if we lost
                         * a reclaim race on the vnode.
                         */
                        hammer2_mtx_state_t ostate;

                        vhold(vp);
                        ostate = hammer2_inode_lock_temp_release(ip);
                        if (vget(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE)) {
                                vdrop(vp);
                                hammer2_inode_lock_temp_restore(ip, ostate);
                                continue;
                        }
                        hammer2_inode_lock_temp_restore(ip, ostate);
                        vdrop(vp);
                        /* vp still locked and ref from vget */
                        if (ip->vp != vp) {
                                kprintf("hammer2: igetv race %p/%p\n",
                                        ip->vp, vp);
                                vput(vp);
                                continue;
                        }
                        *errorp = 0;
                        break;
                }

                /*
                 * No vnode exists, allocate a new vnode.  Beware of
                 * allocation races.  This function will return an
                 * exclusively locked and referenced vnode.
                 */
                *errorp = getnewvnode(VT_HAMMER2, pmp->mp, &vp, 0, 0);
                if (*errorp) {
                        kprintf("hammer2: igetv getnewvnode failed %d\n",
                                *errorp);
                        vp = NULL;
                        break;
                }

                /*
                 * Lock the inode and check for an allocation race.
                 */
                wasexclusive = hammer2_inode_lock_upgrade(ip);
                if (ip->vp != NULL) {
                        vp->v_type = VBAD;
                        vx_put(vp);
                        hammer2_inode_lock_downgrade(ip, wasexclusive);
                        continue;
                }

                switch (ip->meta.type) {
                case HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_DIRECTORY:
                        vp->v_type = VDIR;
                        break;
                case HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_REGFILE:
                        /*
                         * Regular file must use buffer cache I/O
                         * (VKVABIO cpu sync semantics supported)
                         */
                        vp->v_type = VREG;
                        vsetflags(vp, VKVABIO);
                        vinitvmio(vp, ip->meta.size,
                                  HAMMER2_LBUFSIZE,
                                  (int)ip->meta.size & HAMMER2_LBUFMASK);
                        break;
                case HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_SOFTLINK:
                        /*
                         * XXX for now we are using the generic file_read
                         * and file_write code so we need a buffer cache
                         * association.
                         *
                         * (VKVABIO cpu sync semantics supported)
                         */
                        vp->v_type = VLNK;
                        vsetflags(vp, VKVABIO);
                        vinitvmio(vp, ip->meta.size,
                                  HAMMER2_LBUFSIZE,
                                  (int)ip->meta.size & HAMMER2_LBUFMASK);
                        break;
                case HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_CDEV:
                        vp->v_type = VCHR;
                        /* fall through */
                case HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_BDEV:
                        //vp->v_ops = &pmp->mp->mnt_vn_spec_ops;
                        if (ip->meta.type != HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_CDEV)
                                vp->v_type = VBLK;
                        addaliasu(vp,
                                  ip->meta.rmajor,
                                  ip->meta.rminor);
                        break;
                case HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_FIFO:
                        vp->v_type = VFIFO;
                        //vp->v_ops = &pmp->mp->mnt_vn_fifo_ops;
                        break;
                case HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_SOCKET:
                        vp->v_type = VSOCK;
                        break;
                default:
                        panic("hammer2: unhandled objtype %d",
                              ip->meta.type);
                        break;
                }

                if (ip == pmp->iroot)
                        vsetflags(vp, VROOT);

                vp->v_data = ip;
                ip->vp = vp;
                hammer2_inode_ref(ip);          /* vp association */
                hammer2_inode_lock_downgrade(ip, wasexclusive);
                vx_downgrade(vp);
                break;
        }

        /*
         * Return non-NULL vp and *errorp == 0, or NULL vp and *errorp != 0.
         */
        if (hammer2_debug & 0x0002) {
                kprintf("igetv vp %p refs 0x%08x aux 0x%08x\n",
                        vp, -1, -1);
        }
        return (vp);
}

/*
 * XXX this API needs a rewrite.  It needs to be split into a
 * hammer2_inode_alloc() and hammer2_inode_build() to allow us to get
 * rid of the inode/chain lock reversal fudge.
 *
 * Returns the inode associated with the passed-in cluster, allocating a new
 * hammer2_inode structure if necessary, then synchronizing it to the passed
 * xop cluster.  When synchronizing, if idx >= 0, only cluster index (idx)
 * is synchronized.  Otherwise the whole cluster is synchronized.  inum will
 * be extracted from the passed-in xop and the inum argument will be ignored.
 *
 * If xop is passed as NULL then a new hammer2_inode is allocated with the
 * specified inum, and returned.   For normal inodes, the inode will be
 * indexed in memory and if it already exists the existing ip will be
 * returned instead of allocating a new one.  The superroot and PFS inodes
 * are not indexed in memory.
 *
 * The passed-in cluster must be locked and will remain locked on return.
 * The returned inode will be locked and the caller may dispose of both
 * via hammer2_inode_unlock() + hammer2_inode_drop().  However, if the caller
 * needs to resolve a hardlink it must ref/unlock/relock/drop the inode.
 *
 * The hammer2_inode structure regulates the interface between the high level
 * kernel VNOPS API and the filesystem backend (the chains).
 *
 * On return the inode is locked with the supplied cluster.
 */
hammer2_inode_t *
hammer2_inode_get(hammer2_pfs_t *pmp, hammer2_xop_head_t *xop,
                  hammer2_tid_t inum, int idx)
{
        hammer2_inode_t *nip;
        const hammer2_inode_data_t *iptmp;
        const hammer2_inode_data_t *nipdata;

        KKASSERT(xop == NULL ||
                 hammer2_cluster_type(&xop->cluster) ==
                 HAMMER2_BREF_TYPE_INODE);
        KKASSERT(pmp);

        /*
         * Interlocked lookup/ref of the inode.  This code is only needed
         * when looking up inodes with nlinks != 0 (TODO: optimize out
         * otherwise and test for duplicates).
         *
         * Cluster can be NULL during the initial pfs allocation.
         */
        if (xop) {
                iptmp = &hammer2_xop_gdata(xop)->ipdata;
                inum = iptmp->meta.inum;
                hammer2_xop_pdata(xop);
        }
again:
        nip = hammer2_inode_lookup(pmp, inum);
        if (nip) {
                /*
                 * We may have to unhold the cluster to avoid a deadlock
                 * against vnlru (and possibly other XOPs).
                 */
                if (xop) {
                        if (hammer2_mtx_ex_try(&nip->lock) != 0) {
                                hammer2_cluster_unhold(&xop->cluster);
                                hammer2_mtx_ex(&nip->lock);
                                hammer2_cluster_rehold(&xop->cluster);
                        }
                } else {
                        hammer2_mtx_ex(&nip->lock);
                }

                /*
                 * Handle SMP race (not applicable to the super-root spmp
                 * which can't index inodes due to duplicative inode numbers).
                 */
                if (pmp->spmp_hmp == NULL &&
                    (nip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_ONRBTREE) == 0) {
                        hammer2_mtx_unlock(&nip->lock);
                        hammer2_inode_drop(nip);
                        goto again;
                }
                if (xop) {
                        if (idx >= 0)
                                hammer2_inode_repoint_one(nip, &xop->cluster,
                                                          idx);
                        else
                                hammer2_inode_repoint(nip, &xop->cluster);
                }
                return nip;
        }

        /*
         * We couldn't find the inode number, create a new inode and try to
         * insert it, handle insertion races.
         */
        nip = kmalloc_obj(sizeof(*nip), pmp->minode, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
        hammer2_spin_init(&nip->cluster_spin, "h2clspin");
        atomic_add_long(&pmp->inmem_inodes, 1);

        /*
         * Initialize nip's cluster.  A cluster is provided for normal
         * inodes but typically not for the super-root or PFS inodes.
         */
        {
                hammer2_inode_t *nnip = nip;
                nip->ihash = (int)hammer2_icrc32(&nnip, sizeof(nnip));
        }

        nip->cluster.refs = 1;
        nip->cluster.pmp = pmp;
        nip->cluster.flags |= HAMMER2_CLUSTER_INODE;
        if (xop) {
                nipdata = &hammer2_xop_gdata(xop)->ipdata;
                nip->meta = nipdata->meta;
                hammer2_xop_pdata(xop);
                hammer2_inode_repoint(nip, &xop->cluster);
        } else {
                nip->meta.inum = inum;          /* PFS inum is always 1 XXX */
                /* mtime will be updated when a cluster is available */
        }

        nip->pmp = pmp;

        /*
         * ref and lock on nip gives it state compatible to after a
         * hammer2_inode_lock() call.
         */
        nip->refs = 1;
        hammer2_mtx_init(&nip->lock, "h2inode");
        hammer2_mtx_init(&nip->truncate_lock, "h2trunc");
        hammer2_mtx_ex(&nip->lock);
        TAILQ_INIT(&nip->depend_static.sideq);
        /* combination of thread lock and chain lock == inode lock */

        /*
         * Attempt to add the inode.  If it fails we raced another inode
         * get.  Undo all the work and try again.
         */
        if (pmp->spmp_hmp == NULL) {
                hammer2_spin_ex(&pmp->inum_spin);
                if (RB_INSERT(hammer2_inode_tree, &pmp->inum_tree, nip)) {
                        hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->inum_spin);
                        hammer2_mtx_unlock(&nip->lock);
                        hammer2_inode_drop(nip);
                        goto again;
                }
                atomic_set_int(&nip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_ONRBTREE);
                ++pmp->inum_count;
                hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->inum_spin);
        }
        return (nip);
}

/*
 * Create a PFS inode under the superroot.  This function will create the
 * inode, its media chains, and also insert it into the media.
 *
 * Caller must be in a flush transaction because we are inserting the inode
 * onto the media.
 */
hammer2_inode_t *
hammer2_inode_create_pfs(hammer2_pfs_t *spmp,
                     const char *name, size_t name_len,
                     int *errorp)
{
        hammer2_xop_create_t *xop;
        hammer2_inode_t *pip;
        hammer2_inode_t *nip;
        int error;
        uint8_t pip_comp_algo;
        uint8_t pip_check_algo;
        hammer2_tid_t pip_inum;
        hammer2_key_t lhc;

        pip = spmp->iroot;
        nip = NULL;

        lhc = hammer2_dirhash(name, name_len);
        *errorp = 0;

        /*
         * Locate the inode or indirect block to create the new
         * entry in.  At the same time check for key collisions
         * and iterate until we don't get one.
         *
         * Lock the directory exclusively for now to guarantee that
         * we can find an unused lhc for the name.  Due to collisions,
         * two different creates can end up with the same lhc so we
         * cannot depend on the OS to prevent the collision.
         */
        hammer2_inode_lock(pip, 0);

        pip_comp_algo = pip->meta.comp_algo;
        pip_check_algo = pip->meta.check_algo;
        pip_inum = (pip == pip->pmp->iroot) ? 1 : pip->meta.inum;

        /*
         * Locate an unused key in the collision space.
         */
        {
                hammer2_xop_scanlhc_t *sxop;
                hammer2_key_t lhcbase;

                lhcbase = lhc;
                sxop = hammer2_xop_alloc(pip, HAMMER2_XOP_MODIFYING);
                sxop->lhc = lhc;
                hammer2_xop_start(&sxop->head, &hammer2_scanlhc_desc);
                while ((error = hammer2_xop_collect(&sxop->head, 0)) == 0) {
                        if (lhc != sxop->head.cluster.focus->bref.key)
                                break;
                        ++lhc;
                }
                hammer2_xop_retire(&sxop->head, HAMMER2_XOPMASK_VOP);

                if (error) {
                        if (error != HAMMER2_ERROR_ENOENT)
                                goto done2;
                        ++lhc;
                        error = 0;
                }
                if ((lhcbase ^ lhc) & ~HAMMER2_DIRHASH_LOMASK) {
                        error = HAMMER2_ERROR_ENOSPC;
                        goto done2;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Create the inode with the lhc as the key.
         */
        xop = hammer2_xop_alloc(pip, HAMMER2_XOP_MODIFYING);
        xop->lhc = lhc;
        xop->flags = HAMMER2_INSERT_PFSROOT;
        bzero(&xop->meta, sizeof(xop->meta));

        xop->meta.type = HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_DIRECTORY;
        xop->meta.inum = 1;
        xop->meta.iparent = pip_inum;

        /* Inherit parent's inode compression mode. */
        xop->meta.comp_algo = pip_comp_algo;
        xop->meta.check_algo = pip_check_algo;
        xop->meta.version = HAMMER2_INODE_VERSION_ONE;
        hammer2_update_time(&xop->meta.ctime);
        xop->meta.mtime = xop->meta.ctime;
        xop->meta.mode = 0755;
        xop->meta.nlinks = 1;

        /*
         * Regular files and softlinks allow a small amount of data to be
         * directly embedded in the inode.  This flag will be cleared if
         * the size is extended past the embedded limit.
         */
        if (xop->meta.type == HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_REGFILE ||
            xop->meta.type == HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_SOFTLINK) {
                xop->meta.op_flags |= HAMMER2_OPFLAG_DIRECTDATA;
        }
        hammer2_xop_setname(&xop->head, name, name_len);
        xop->meta.name_len = name_len;
        xop->meta.name_key = lhc;
        KKASSERT(name_len < HAMMER2_INODE_MAXNAME);

        hammer2_xop_start(&xop->head, &hammer2_inode_create_desc);

        error = hammer2_xop_collect(&xop->head, 0);
#if INODE_DEBUG
        kprintf("CREATE INODE %*.*s\n",
                (int)name_len, (int)name_len, name);
#endif

        if (error) {
                *errorp = error;
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * Set up the new inode if not a hardlink pointer.
         *
         * NOTE: *_get() integrates chain's lock into the inode lock.
         *
         * NOTE: Only one new inode can currently be created per
         *       transaction.  If the need arises we can adjust
         *       hammer2_trans_init() to allow more.
         *
         * NOTE: nipdata will have chain's blockset data.
         */
        nip = hammer2_inode_get(pip->pmp, &xop->head, -1, -1);
        nip->comp_heuristic = 0;
done:
        hammer2_xop_retire(&xop->head, HAMMER2_XOPMASK_VOP);
done2:
        hammer2_inode_unlock(pip);

        return (nip);
}

/*
 * Create a new, normal inode.  This function will create the inode,
 * the media chains, but will not insert the chains onto the media topology
 * (doing so would require a flush transaction and cause long stalls).
 *
 * Caller must be in a normal transaction.
 */
hammer2_inode_t *
hammer2_inode_create_normal(hammer2_inode_t *pip,
                            struct vattr *vap, struct ucred *cred,
                            hammer2_key_t inum, int *errorp)
{
        hammer2_xop_create_t *xop;
        hammer2_inode_t *dip;
        hammer2_inode_t *nip;
        int error;
        uid_t xuid;
        uuid_t pip_uid;
        uuid_t pip_gid;
        uint32_t pip_mode;
        uint8_t pip_comp_algo;
        uint8_t pip_check_algo;
        hammer2_tid_t pip_inum;

        dip = pip->pmp->iroot;
        KKASSERT(dip != NULL);

        *errorp = 0;

        /*hammer2_inode_lock(dip, 0);*/

        pip_uid = pip->meta.uid;
        pip_gid = pip->meta.gid;
        pip_mode = pip->meta.mode;
        pip_comp_algo = pip->meta.comp_algo;
        pip_check_algo = pip->meta.check_algo;
        pip_inum = (pip == pip->pmp->iroot) ? 1 : pip->meta.inum;

        /*
         * Create the in-memory hammer2_inode structure for the specified
         * inode.
         */
        nip = hammer2_inode_get(dip->pmp, NULL, inum, -1);
        nip->comp_heuristic = 0;
        KKASSERT((nip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_CREATING) == 0 &&
                 nip->cluster.nchains == 0);
        atomic_set_int(&nip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_CREATING);

        /*
         * Setup the inode meta-data
         */
        nip->meta.type = hammer2_get_obj_type(vap->va_type);

        switch (nip->meta.type) {
        case HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_CDEV:
        case HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_BDEV:
                assert(0); /* XXX unsupported */
                nip->meta.rmajor = vap->va_rmajor;
                nip->meta.rminor = vap->va_rminor;
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }

        KKASSERT(nip->meta.inum == inum);
        nip->meta.iparent = pip_inum;

        /* Inherit parent's inode compression mode. */
        nip->meta.comp_algo = pip_comp_algo;
        nip->meta.check_algo = pip_check_algo;
        nip->meta.version = HAMMER2_INODE_VERSION_ONE;
        hammer2_update_time(&nip->meta.ctime);
        nip->meta.mtime = nip->meta.ctime;
        nip->meta.mode = vap->va_mode;
        nip->meta.nlinks = 1;

        xuid = hammer2_to_unix_xid(&pip_uid);
        xuid = vop_helper_create_uid(dip->pmp->mp, pip_mode,
                                     xuid, cred,
                                     &vap->va_mode);
        if (vap->va_vaflags & VA_UID_UUID_VALID)
                nip->meta.uid = vap->va_uid_uuid;
        else if (vap->va_uid != (uid_t)VNOVAL)
                hammer2_guid_to_uuid(&nip->meta.uid, vap->va_uid);
        else
                hammer2_guid_to_uuid(&nip->meta.uid, xuid);

        if (vap->va_vaflags & VA_GID_UUID_VALID)
                nip->meta.gid = vap->va_gid_uuid;
        else if (vap->va_gid != (gid_t)VNOVAL)
                hammer2_guid_to_uuid(&nip->meta.gid, vap->va_gid);
        else
                nip->meta.gid = pip_gid;

        /*
         * Regular files and softlinks allow a small amount of data to be
         * directly embedded in the inode.  This flag will be cleared if
         * the size is extended past the embedded limit.
         */
        if (nip->meta.type == HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_REGFILE ||
            nip->meta.type == HAMMER2_OBJTYPE_SOFTLINK) {
                nip->meta.op_flags |= HAMMER2_OPFLAG_DIRECTDATA;
        }

        /*
         * Create the inode using (inum) as the key.  Pass pip for
         * method inheritance.
         */
        xop = hammer2_xop_alloc(pip, HAMMER2_XOP_MODIFYING);
        xop->lhc = inum;
        xop->flags = 0;
        xop->meta = nip->meta;
        KKASSERT(vap);

        xop->meta.name_len = hammer2_xop_setname_inum(&xop->head, inum);
        xop->meta.name_key = inum;
        nip->meta.name_len = xop->meta.name_len;
        nip->meta.name_key = xop->meta.name_key;
        hammer2_inode_modify(nip);

        /*
         * Create the inode media chains but leave them detached.  We are
         * not in a flush transaction so we can't mess with media topology
         * above normal inodes (i.e. the index of the inodes themselves).
         *
         * We've already set the INODE_CREATING flag.  The inode's media
         * chains will be inserted onto the media topology on the next
         * filesystem sync.
         */
        hammer2_xop_start(&xop->head, &hammer2_inode_create_det_desc);

        error = hammer2_xop_collect(&xop->head, 0);
#if INODE_DEBUG
        kprintf("create inode type %d error %d\n", nip->meta.type, error);
#endif

        if (error) {
                *errorp = error;
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * Associate the media chains created by the backend with the
         * frontend inode.
         */
        hammer2_inode_repoint(nip, &xop->head.cluster);
done:
        hammer2_xop_retire(&xop->head, HAMMER2_XOPMASK_VOP);
        /*hammer2_inode_unlock(dip);*/

        return (nip);
}

/*
 * Create a directory entry under dip with the specified name, inode number,
 * and OBJTYPE (type).
 *
 * This returns a UNIX errno code, not a HAMMER2_ERROR_* code.
 *
 * Caller must hold dip locked.
 */
int
hammer2_dirent_create(hammer2_inode_t *dip, const char *name, size_t name_len,
                      hammer2_key_t inum, uint8_t type)
{
        hammer2_xop_mkdirent_t *xop;
        hammer2_key_t lhc;
        int error;

        lhc = 0;
        error = 0;

        KKASSERT(name != NULL);
        lhc = hammer2_dirhash(name, name_len);

        /*
         * Locate the inode or indirect block to create the new
         * entry in.  At the same time check for key collisions
         * and iterate until we don't get one.
         *
         * Lock the directory exclusively for now to guarantee that
         * we can find an unused lhc for the name.  Due to collisions,
         * two different creates can end up with the same lhc so we
         * cannot depend on the OS to prevent the collision.
         */
        hammer2_inode_modify(dip);

        /*
         * If name specified, locate an unused key in the collision space.
         * Otherwise use the passed-in lhc directly.
         */
        {
                hammer2_xop_scanlhc_t *sxop;
                hammer2_key_t lhcbase;

                lhcbase = lhc;
                sxop = hammer2_xop_alloc(dip, HAMMER2_XOP_MODIFYING);
                sxop->lhc = lhc;
                hammer2_xop_start(&sxop->head, &hammer2_scanlhc_desc);
                while ((error = hammer2_xop_collect(&sxop->head, 0)) == 0) {
                        if (lhc != sxop->head.cluster.focus->bref.key)
                                break;
                        ++lhc;
                }
                hammer2_xop_retire(&sxop->head, HAMMER2_XOPMASK_VOP);

                if (error) {
                        if (error != HAMMER2_ERROR_ENOENT)
                                goto done2;
                        ++lhc;
                        error = 0;
                }
                if ((lhcbase ^ lhc) & ~HAMMER2_DIRHASH_LOMASK) {
                        error = HAMMER2_ERROR_ENOSPC;
                        goto done2;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Create the directory entry with the lhc as the key.
         */
        xop = hammer2_xop_alloc(dip, HAMMER2_XOP_MODIFYING);
        xop->lhc = lhc;
        bzero(&xop->dirent, sizeof(xop->dirent));
        xop->dirent.inum = inum;
        xop->dirent.type = type;
        xop->dirent.namlen = name_len;

        KKASSERT(name_len < HAMMER2_INODE_MAXNAME);
        hammer2_xop_setname(&xop->head, name, name_len);

        hammer2_xop_start(&xop->head, &hammer2_inode_mkdirent_desc);

        error = hammer2_xop_collect(&xop->head, 0);

        hammer2_xop_retire(&xop->head, HAMMER2_XOPMASK_VOP);
done2:
        error = hammer2_error_to_errno(error);

        return error;
}

/*
 * Repoint ip->cluster's chains to cluster's chains and fixup the default
 * focus.  All items, valid or invalid, are repointed.  hammer2_xop_start()
 * filters out invalid or non-matching elements.
 *
 * Caller must hold the inode and cluster exclusive locked, if not NULL,
 * must also be locked.
 *
 * Cluster may be NULL to clean out any chains in ip->cluster.
 */
void
hammer2_inode_repoint(hammer2_inode_t *ip, hammer2_cluster_t *cluster)
{
        hammer2_chain_t *dropch[HAMMER2_MAXCLUSTER];
        hammer2_chain_t *ochain;
        hammer2_chain_t *nchain;
        int i;

        bzero(dropch, sizeof(dropch));

        /*
         * Replace chains in ip->cluster with chains from cluster and
         * adjust the focus if necessary.
         *
         * NOTE: nchain and/or ochain can be NULL due to gaps
         *       in the cluster arrays.
         */
        hammer2_spin_ex(&ip->cluster_spin);
        for (i = 0; cluster && i < cluster->nchains; ++i) {
                /*
                 * Do not replace elements which are the same.  Also handle
                 * element count discrepancies.
                 */
                nchain = cluster->array[i].chain;
                if (i < ip->cluster.nchains) {
                        ochain = ip->cluster.array[i].chain;
                        if (ochain == nchain)
                                continue;
                } else {
                        ochain = NULL;
                }

                /*
                 * Make adjustments
                 */
                ip->cluster.array[i].chain = nchain;
                ip->cluster.array[i].flags &= ~HAMMER2_CITEM_INVALID;
                ip->cluster.array[i].flags |= cluster->array[i].flags &
                                              HAMMER2_CITEM_INVALID;
                if (nchain)
                        hammer2_chain_ref(nchain);
                dropch[i] = ochain;
        }

        /*
         * Release any left-over chains in ip->cluster.
         */
        while (i < ip->cluster.nchains) {
                nchain = ip->cluster.array[i].chain;
                if (nchain) {
                        ip->cluster.array[i].chain = NULL;
                        ip->cluster.array[i].flags |= HAMMER2_CITEM_INVALID;
                }
                dropch[i] = nchain;
                ++i;
        }

        /*
         * Fixup fields.  Note that the inode-embedded cluster is never
         * directly locked.
         */
        if (cluster) {
                ip->cluster.nchains = cluster->nchains;
                ip->cluster.focus = cluster->focus;
                ip->cluster.flags = cluster->flags & ~HAMMER2_CLUSTER_LOCKED;
        } else {
                ip->cluster.nchains = 0;
                ip->cluster.focus = NULL;
                ip->cluster.flags &= ~HAMMER2_CLUSTER_ZFLAGS;
        }

        hammer2_spin_unex(&ip->cluster_spin);

        /*
         * Cleanup outside of spinlock
         */
        while (--i >= 0) {
                if (dropch[i])
                        hammer2_chain_drop(dropch[i]);
        }
}

/*
 * Repoint a single element from the cluster to the ip.  Used by the
 * synchronization threads to piecemeal update inodes.  Does not change
 * focus and requires inode to be re-locked to clean-up flags (XXX).
 */
void
hammer2_inode_repoint_one(hammer2_inode_t *ip, hammer2_cluster_t *cluster,
                          int idx)
{
        hammer2_chain_t *ochain;
        hammer2_chain_t *nchain;
        int i;

        hammer2_spin_ex(&ip->cluster_spin);
        KKASSERT(idx < cluster->nchains);
        if (idx < ip->cluster.nchains) {
                ochain = ip->cluster.array[idx].chain;
                nchain = cluster->array[idx].chain;
        } else {
                ochain = NULL;
                nchain = cluster->array[idx].chain;
                for (i = ip->cluster.nchains; i <= idx; ++i) {
                        bzero(&ip->cluster.array[i],
                              sizeof(ip->cluster.array[i]));
                        ip->cluster.array[i].flags |= HAMMER2_CITEM_INVALID;
                }
                ip->cluster.nchains = idx + 1;
        }
        if (ochain != nchain) {
                /*
                 * Make adjustments.
                 */
                ip->cluster.array[idx].chain = nchain;
                ip->cluster.array[idx].flags &= ~HAMMER2_CITEM_INVALID;
                ip->cluster.array[idx].flags |= cluster->array[idx].flags &
                                                HAMMER2_CITEM_INVALID;
        }
        hammer2_spin_unex(&ip->cluster_spin);
        if (ochain != nchain) {
                if (nchain)
                        hammer2_chain_ref(nchain);
                if (ochain)
                        hammer2_chain_drop(ochain);
        }
}

hammer2_key_t
hammer2_inode_data_count(const hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        hammer2_chain_t *chain;
        hammer2_key_t count = 0;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ip->cluster.nchains; ++i) {
                if ((chain = ip->cluster.array[i].chain) != NULL) {
                        if (count < chain->bref.embed.stats.data_count)
                                count = chain->bref.embed.stats.data_count;
                }
        }
        return count;
}

hammer2_key_t
hammer2_inode_inode_count(const hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        hammer2_chain_t *chain;
        hammer2_key_t count = 0;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ip->cluster.nchains; ++i) {
                if ((chain = ip->cluster.array[i].chain) != NULL) {
                        if (count < chain->bref.embed.stats.inode_count)
                                count = chain->bref.embed.stats.inode_count;
                }
        }
        return count;
}

/*
 * Called with a locked inode to finish unlinking an inode after xop_unlink
 * had been run.  This function is responsible for decrementing nlinks.
 *
 * We don't bother decrementing nlinks if the file is not open and this was
 * the last link.
 *
 * If the inode is a hardlink target it's chain has not yet been deleted,
 * otherwise it's chain has been deleted.
 *
 * If isopen then any prior deletion was not permanent and the inode is
 * left intact with nlinks == 0;
 */
int
hammer2_inode_unlink_finisher(hammer2_inode_t *ip, struct m_vnode **vprecyclep)
{
        struct m_vnode *vp;

        /*
         * Decrement nlinks.  Catch a bad nlinks count here too (e.g. 0 or
         * negative), and just assume a transition to 0.
         */
        if ((int64_t)ip->meta.nlinks <= 1) {
                atomic_set_int(&ip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_ISUNLINKED);

                /*
                 * Scrap the vnode as quickly as possible.  The vp association
                 * stays intact while we hold the inode locked.  However, vp
                 * can be NULL here.
                 */
                vp = ip->vp;
                cpu_ccfence();

                /*
                 * If no vp is associated there is no high-level state to
                 * deal with and we can scrap the inode immediately.
                 */
                if (vp == NULL) {
                        if ((ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_DELETING) == 0) {
                                atomic_set_int(&ip->flags,
                                               HAMMER2_INODE_DELETING);
                                hammer2_inode_delayed_sideq(ip);
                        }
                        return 0;
                }

                /*
                 * Because INODE_ISUNLINKED is set with the inode lock
                 * held, the vnode cannot be ripped up from under us.
                 * There may still be refs so knote anyone waiting for
                 * a delete notification.
                 *
                 * The vnode is not necessarily ref'd due to the unlinking
                 * itself, so we have to defer handling to the end of the
                 * VOP, which will then call hammer2_inode_vprecycle().
                 */
                if (vprecyclep) {
                        vhold(vp);
                        *vprecyclep = vp;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Adjust nlinks and retain the inode on the media for now
         */
        hammer2_inode_modify(ip);
        if ((int64_t)ip->meta.nlinks > 1)
                --ip->meta.nlinks;
        else
                ip->meta.nlinks = 0;

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Called at the end of a VOP that removes a file with a vnode that
 * we want to try to dispose of quickly due to a file deletion.  If
 * we don't do this, the vnode can hang around with 0 refs for a very
 * long time and prevent reclamation of the underlying file and inode
 * (inode remains on-media with nlinks == 0 until the vnode is recycled
 * due to random system activity or a umount).
 */
void
hammer2_inode_vprecycle(struct m_vnode *vp)
{
        if (vget(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE) == 0) {
                vfinalize(vp);
                hammer2_knote(vp, NOTE_DELETE);
                vdrop(vp);
                vput(vp);
        } else {
                vdrop(vp);
        }
}


/*
 * Mark an inode as being modified, meaning that the caller will modify
 * ip->meta.
 *
 * If a vnode is present we set the vnode dirty and the nominal filesystem
 * sync will also handle synchronizing the inode meta-data.  Unless NOSIDEQ
 * we must ensure that the inode is on pmp->sideq.
 *
 * NOTE: We must always queue the inode to the sideq.  This allows H2 to
 *       shortcut vsyncscan() and flush inodes and their related vnodes
 *       in a two stages.  H2 still calls vfsync() for each vnode.
 *
 * NOTE: No mtid (modify_tid) is passed into this routine.  The caller is
 *       only modifying the in-memory inode.  A modify_tid is synchronized
 *       later when the inode gets flushed.
 *
 * NOTE: As an exception to the general rule, the inode MAY be locked
 *       shared for this particular call.
 */
void
hammer2_inode_modify(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        atomic_set_int(&ip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_MODIFIED);
        if (ip->vp)
                vsetisdirty(ip->vp);
        if (ip->pmp && (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_NOSIDEQ) == 0)
                hammer2_inode_delayed_sideq(ip);
}

/*
 * Synchronize the inode's frontend state with the chain state prior
 * to any explicit flush of the inode or any strategy write call.  This
 * does not flush the inode's chain or its sub-topology to media (higher
 * level layers are responsible for doing that).
 *
 * Called with a locked inode inside a normal transaction.
 *
 * inode must be locked.
 */
int
hammer2_inode_chain_sync(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        int error;

        error = 0;
        if (ip->flags & (HAMMER2_INODE_RESIZED | HAMMER2_INODE_MODIFIED)) {
                hammer2_xop_fsync_t *xop;

                xop = hammer2_xop_alloc(ip, HAMMER2_XOP_MODIFYING);
                xop->clear_directdata = 0;
                if (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_RESIZED) {
                        if ((ip->meta.op_flags & HAMMER2_OPFLAG_DIRECTDATA) &&
                            ip->meta.size > HAMMER2_EMBEDDED_BYTES) {
                                ip->meta.op_flags &= ~HAMMER2_OPFLAG_DIRECTDATA;
                                xop->clear_directdata = 1;
                        }
                        xop->osize = ip->osize;
                } else {
                        xop->osize = ip->meta.size;     /* safety */
                }
                xop->ipflags = ip->flags;
                xop->meta = ip->meta;

                atomic_clear_int(&ip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_RESIZED |
                                             HAMMER2_INODE_MODIFIED);
                hammer2_xop_start(&xop->head, &hammer2_inode_chain_sync_desc);
                error = hammer2_xop_collect(&xop->head, 0);
                hammer2_xop_retire(&xop->head, HAMMER2_XOPMASK_VOP);
                if (error == HAMMER2_ERROR_ENOENT)
                        error = 0;
                if (error) {
                        kprintf("hammer2: unable to fsync inode %p\n", ip);
                        /*
                        atomic_set_int(&ip->flags,
                                       xop->ipflags & (HAMMER2_INODE_RESIZED |
                                                       HAMMER2_INODE_MODIFIED));
                        */
                        /* XXX return error somehow? */
                }
        }
        return error;
}

/*
 * When an inode is flagged INODE_CREATING its chains have not actually
 * been inserting into the on-media tree yet.
 */
int
hammer2_inode_chain_ins(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        int error;

        error = 0;
        if (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_CREATING) {
                hammer2_xop_create_t *xop;

                atomic_clear_int(&ip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_CREATING);
                xop = hammer2_xop_alloc(ip, HAMMER2_XOP_MODIFYING);
                xop->lhc = ip->meta.inum;
                xop->flags = 0;
                hammer2_xop_start(&xop->head, &hammer2_inode_create_ins_desc);
                error = hammer2_xop_collect(&xop->head, 0);
                hammer2_xop_retire(&xop->head, HAMMER2_XOPMASK_VOP);
                if (error == HAMMER2_ERROR_ENOENT)
                        error = 0;
                if (error) {
                        kprintf("hammer2: backend unable to "
                                "insert inode %p %ld\n", ip, ip->meta.inum);
                        /* XXX return error somehow? */
                }
        }
        return error;
}

/*
 * When an inode is flagged INODE_DELETING it has been deleted (no directory
 * entry or open refs are left, though as an optimization H2 might leave
 * nlinks == 1 to avoid unnecessary block updates).  The backend flush then
 * needs to actually remove it from the topology.
 *
 * NOTE: backend flush must still sync and flush the deleted inode to clean
 *       out related chains.
 *
 * NOTE: We must clear not only INODE_DELETING, but also INODE_ISUNLINKED
 *       to prevent the vnode reclaim code from trying to delete it twice.
 */
int
hammer2_inode_chain_des(hammer2_inode_t *ip)
{
        int error;

        error = 0;
        if (ip->flags & HAMMER2_INODE_DELETING) {
                hammer2_xop_destroy_t *xop;

                atomic_clear_int(&ip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_DELETING |
                                             HAMMER2_INODE_ISUNLINKED);
                xop = hammer2_xop_alloc(ip, HAMMER2_XOP_MODIFYING);
                hammer2_xop_start(&xop->head, &hammer2_inode_destroy_desc);
                error = hammer2_xop_collect(&xop->head, 0);
                hammer2_xop_retire(&xop->head, HAMMER2_XOPMASK_VOP);

                if (error == HAMMER2_ERROR_ENOENT)
                        error = 0;
                if (error) {
                        kprintf("hammer2: backend unable to "
                                "delete inode %p %ld\n", ip, ip->meta.inum);
                        /* XXX return error somehow? */
                }
        }
        return error;
}

/*
 * Flushes the inode's chain and its sub-topology to media.  Interlocks
 * HAMMER2_INODE_DIRTYDATA by clearing it prior to the flush.  Any strategy
 * function creating or modifying a chain under this inode will re-set the
 * flag.
 *
 * inode must be locked.
 */
int
hammer2_inode_chain_flush(hammer2_inode_t *ip, int flags)
{
        hammer2_xop_fsync_t *xop;
        int error;

        atomic_clear_int(&ip->flags, HAMMER2_INODE_DIRTYDATA);
        xop = hammer2_xop_alloc(ip, HAMMER2_XOP_MODIFYING | flags);
        hammer2_xop_start(&xop->head, &hammer2_inode_flush_desc);
        error = hammer2_xop_collect(&xop->head, HAMMER2_XOP_COLLECT_WAITALL);
        hammer2_xop_retire(&xop->head, HAMMER2_XOPMASK_VOP);
        if (error == HAMMER2_ERROR_ENOENT)
                error = 0;

        return error;
}

hammer2_key_t
hammer2_pfs_inode_count(hammer2_pfs_t *pmp)
{
        struct hammer2_inode *ip;
        hammer2_key_t count = 0;

        hammer2_spin_ex(&pmp->inum_spin);
        RB_FOREACH(ip, hammer2_inode_tree, &pmp->inum_tree)
                count++;
        hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->inum_spin);

        return count;
}

int
vflush(struct mount *mp, int rootrefs, int flags)
{
        hammer2_pfs_t *pmp = MPTOPMP(mp);
        struct hammer2_inode *ip, *tmp;
        struct m_vnode *vp;
        hammer2_key_t count_before, count_after, count_delta;

        hammer2_spin_ex(&pmp->inum_spin);
        count_before = 0;
        RB_FOREACH(ip, hammer2_inode_tree, &pmp->inum_tree)
                count_before++;

        RB_FOREACH_SAFE(ip, hammer2_inode_tree, &pmp->inum_tree, tmp) {
                vp = ip->vp;
                assert(vp);
                if (!vp->v_vflushed) {
                        /*
                        printf("%s: drop ip=%p inum=%ld refs=%d\n",
                            __func__, ip, ip->meta.inum, ip->refs);
                        */
                        assert(ip->refs > 1);
                        hammer2_inode_drop(ip);
                        vp->v_vflushed = 1;
                }
        }

        count_after = 0;
        RB_FOREACH(ip, hammer2_inode_tree, &pmp->inum_tree)
                count_after++;
        hammer2_spin_unex(&pmp->inum_spin);

        printf("%s: total inode %ld -> %ld\n",
            __func__, count_before, count_after);

        assert(count_before >= count_after);
        count_delta = count_before - count_after;

        if (count_delta) {
                if (hammer2_debug & 0x80000000)
                        assert(0);
                else
                        printf("%s: %ld inode freed\n", __func__, count_delta);
        }

        return 0;
}