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32 .\" @(#)fork.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/sys/fork.2,v 1.9.2.6 2002/07/30 19:04:25 silby Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/lib/libc/sys/fork.2,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:26:47 dillon Exp $
41 .Nd create a new process
51 causes creation of a new process.
52 The new process (child process) is an exact copy of the
53 calling process (parent process) except for the following:
54 .Bl -bullet -offset indent
56 The child process has a unique process ID.
58 The child process has a different parent
59 process ID (i.e., the process ID of the parent process).
61 The child process has its own copy of the parent's descriptors.
62 These descriptors reference the same underlying objects, so that,
63 for instance, file pointers in file objects are shared between
64 the child and the parent, so that an
66 on a descriptor in the child process can affect a subsequent
71 This descriptor copying is also used by the shell to
72 establish standard input and output for newly created processes
73 as well as to set up pipes.
75 The child process' resource utilizations
79 All interval timers are cleared; see
83 Upon successful completion,
86 of 0 to the child process and returns the process ID of the child
87 process to the parent process. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned
88 to the parent process, no child process is created, and the global
91 is set to indicate the error.
94 will fail and no child process will be created if:
97 The system-imposed limit on the total
98 number of processes under execution would be exceeded.
99 The limit is given by the
103 (The limit is actually ten less than this
104 except for the super user).
106 The user is not the super user, and
107 the system-imposed limit
108 on the total number of
109 processes under execution by a single user would be exceeded.
110 The limit is given by the
113 .Dv KERN_MAXPROCPERUID .
115 The user is not the super user, and
116 the soft resource limit corresponding to the resource parameter
118 would be exceeded (see
121 There is insufficient swap space for the new process.
133 function call appeared in