1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | |
157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | |
173 | `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0
179 | ----- Mac OS X | | |
183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
185 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | |
186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 |
188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0
189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | |
191 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | |
192 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 |
193 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | |
195 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 |
198 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | |
200 | | | | NetBSD 3.0 | |
201 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0
202 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 |
203 | FreeBSD | | | | | | |
205 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | |
206 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0
208 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 |
209 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | |
210 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | |
211 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | |
212 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0
213 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 |
214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0
217 | | | | OpenBSD 4.2 |
219 | FreeBSD 6.3 | | | |
221 *--FreeBSD | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0
223 | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 |
224 | | | | | | DragonFly 2.0.0
225 | | FreeBSD | | OpenBSD 4.4 |
228 | FreeBSD 7.1 | | | |
229 | | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0
230 | FreeBSD 7.2 | NetBSD 5.0 OpenBSD 4.5 |
234 FreeBSD 8 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current |
241 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
242 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
244 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
245 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
246 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
247 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
248 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
249 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
250 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
251 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
252 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
253 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
254 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
255 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
256 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
257 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
258 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
259 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
260 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
261 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
262 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
263 [TUHS] The Unix Historical Society. http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/.
264 [USE] Usenet announcement.
265 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
266 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
271 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
272 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
273 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
274 10 UNIX installations
275 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
276 Pipes, 16 installations
277 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
278 rewriting in C effected,
279 above 30 installations
280 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
281 above 50 installations
282 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
284 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
286 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
287 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
288 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
289 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
290 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
291 and networking part by the streams mechanism
293 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
294 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
298 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
299 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
300 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
301 2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS]
302 75 2BSD tapes shipped
303 2.79BSD 1980-04-xx [TUHS]
304 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
306 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
307 set of performance improvements
308 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
309 2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx [TUHS]
310 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
311 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
312 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
313 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
314 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
316 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
317 3BSD late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS]
318 virtual memory, page replacement,
321 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
323 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
324 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
326 beta release, IPC [44B]
327 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
329 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
330 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
331 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
332 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
334 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
335 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
337 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
338 first code released to people outside BSDI
339 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
340 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
341 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
342 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
343 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
344 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
345 first external gamma; G customers
346 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
347 would have been 1.0 except for request
348 for preliminary injunction
349 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
350 injunction denied; first official release
351 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
352 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
353 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
354 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
355 FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD]
356 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release.
357 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
358 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
359 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD]
360 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD]
361 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD]
362 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
363 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
364 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
365 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD]
366 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
367 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
368 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
369 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
370 the true final distribution from the CSRG
371 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
372 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
373 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
374 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
375 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
376 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
377 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
378 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
380 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
381 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
382 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
383 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
384 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
385 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
386 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
387 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
388 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
389 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
390 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
391 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
392 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
393 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
394 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
395 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
396 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
397 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
398 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
399 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
400 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
401 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
402 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
403 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
404 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
405 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
406 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
407 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
408 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
409 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
410 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
411 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
412 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
413 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
414 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
415 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
416 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
417 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
418 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
419 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
420 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
421 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
422 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
423 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
424 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
425 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
426 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
427 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
428 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
429 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
430 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
431 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
432 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
433 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
434 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
435 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
436 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
437 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
438 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
439 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
440 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
441 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
442 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
443 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
444 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
445 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
446 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
447 -current, similar to 3.0.
448 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
449 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
450 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
451 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
452 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
453 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
454 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
455 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
456 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
457 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
458 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
459 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
460 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
461 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
462 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB]
463 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD]
464 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD]
465 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD]
466 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD]
467 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB]
468 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
469 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL]
470 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD]
471 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD]
472 NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
473 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD]
474 FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD]
475 NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD]
476 NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD]
477 DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB]
478 OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD]
479 FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD]
480 FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD]
481 NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
482 DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB]
483 OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD]
484 NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release)
485 NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD]
486 FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD]
487 DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB]
488 OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD]
489 DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB]
490 Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL]
491 OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD]
492 NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD]
493 FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD]
494 DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB]
495 FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD]
496 OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD]
497 DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB]
498 OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD]
499 FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD]
500 FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD]
501 DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB]
502 NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD]
503 OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD]
504 FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD]
507 ------------------------
509 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
510 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
511 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
513 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
514 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
516 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
517 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
518 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
520 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
521 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
522 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
524 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
526 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
527 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
528 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
530 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
531 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
533 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
534 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
536 BSD Release Announcements collection.
537 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
539 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
540 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
542 UNIX history graphing project
543 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
546 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
548 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
549 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
550 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
556 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
557 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
559 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
562 Copyright (c) 1997-2007 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
563 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
565 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.130 2009/06/26 07:11:14 imp Exp $