2 .\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
3 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 .\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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9 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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32 .\" @(#)cat.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 5/2/95
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/bin/cat/cat.1,v 1.27 2006/12/23 09:25:23 ru Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/bin/cat/cat.1,v 1.6 2007/02/04 21:08:28 pavalos Exp $
41 .Nd concatenate and print files
49 utility reads files sequentially, writing them to the standard output.
52 operands are processed in command-line order.
59 reads from the standard input.
66 connects to it and then reads it until
70 domain binding capability available in
73 The options are as follows:
74 .Bl -tag -width indent
76 Number the non-empty output lines, starting at 1.
78 Display non-printing characters (see the
80 option), and display a dollar sign
82 at the end of each line.
84 Number the output lines, starting at 1.
86 Squeeze multiple adjacent empty lines, causing the output to be
89 Display non-printing characters (see the
91 option), and display tab characters as
94 Disable output buffering.
96 Display non-printing characters so they are visible.
97 Control characters print as
99 for control-X; the delete
100 character (octal 0177) prints as
103 characters (with the high bit set) are printed as
105 (for meta) followed by the character for the low 7 bits.
114 will print the contents of
116 to the standard output.
120 .Dl "cat file1 file2 > file3"
122 will sequentially print the contents of
130 if it already exists.
131 See the manual page for your shell (i.e.,
133 for more information on redirection.
137 .Dl "cat file1 - file2 - file3"
139 will print the contents of
141 print data it receives from the standard input until it receives an
144 character, print the contents of
146 read and output contents of the standard input again, then finally output
149 Note that if the standard input referred to a file, the second dash
150 on the command-line would have no effect, since the entire contents of the file
151 would have already been read and printed by
153 when it encountered the first
167 .%T "UNIX Style, or cat -v Considered Harmful"
168 .%J "USENIX Summer Conference Proceedings"
181 are extensions to the specification.
188 designed and wrote the first man page.
189 It appears to have been
192 Because of the shell language mechanism used to perform output
193 redirection, the command
194 .Dq Li cat file1 file2 > file1
195 will cause the original data in
201 utility does not recognize multibyte characters when the