2 .\" blackhole - drop refused TCP or UDP connects
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man4/blackhole.4,v 1.4.2.4 2001/12/17 11:30:11 ru Exp $
15 .\" $DragonFly: src/share/man/man4/blackhole.4,v 1.3 2006/02/17 19:37:09 swildner Exp $
23 MIB for manipulating behaviour in respect of refused TCP or UDP connection
26 .Cd sysctl net.inet.tcp.blackhole[=[0 | 1 | 2]]
27 .Cd sysctl net.inet.udp.blackhole[=[0 | 1]]
32 MIB is used to control system behaviour when connection requests
33 are received on TCP or UDP ports where there is no socket listening.
35 Normal behaviour, when a TCP SYN segment is received on a port where
36 there is no socket accepting connections, is for the system to return
37 a RST segment, and drop the connection. The connecting system will
38 see this as a "Connection reset by peer". By setting the TCP blackhole
39 MIB to a numeric value of one, the incoming SYN segment
40 is merely dropped, and no RST is sent, making the system appear
41 as a blackhole. By setting the MIB value to two, any segment arriving
42 on a closed port is dropped without returning a RST. This provides
43 some degree of protection against stealth port scans.
45 In the UDP instance, enabling blackhole behaviour turns off the sending
46 of an ICMP port unreachable message in response to a UDP datagram which
47 arrives on a port where there is no socket listening. It must be noted
48 that this behaviour will prevent remote systems from running
52 The blackhole behaviour is useful to slow down anyone who is port scanning
53 a system, attempting to detect vulnerable services on a system.
54 It could potentially also slow down someone who is attempting a denial
57 The TCP and UDP blackhole features should not be regarded as a replacement
60 as a tool for firewalling a system. In order to create a highly
63 should be used for protection, not the blackhole feature.
65 This mechanism is not a substitute for securing a system.
66 It should be used together with other security mechanisms.
80 .An Geoffrey M. Rehmet