2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * The Mach Operating System project at Carnegie-Mellon University.
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17 * must display the following acknowledgement:
18 * This product includes software developed by the University of
19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 * without specific prior written permission.
24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 * from: @(#)vm_page.h 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/13/93
39 * Copyright (c) 1987, 1990 Carnegie-Mellon University.
40 * All rights reserved.
42 * Authors: Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
44 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
45 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
46 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
47 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
48 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
50 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
51 * CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
52 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
54 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
56 * Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
57 * School of Computer Science
58 * Carnegie Mellon University
59 * Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
61 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
62 * rights to redistribute these changes.
64 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/vm/vm_page.h,v 1.75.2.8 2002/03/06 01:07:09 dillon Exp $
65 * $DragonFly: src/sys/vm/vm_page.h,v 1.28 2008/05/09 07:24:48 dillon Exp $
69 * Resident memory system definitions.
72 #ifndef _VM_VM_PAGE_H_
73 #define _VM_VM_PAGE_H_
75 #if !defined(KLD_MODULE) && defined(_KERNEL)
76 #include "opt_vmpage.h"
80 #include <sys/types.h>
85 #ifndef _MACHINE_PMAP_H_
86 #include <machine/pmap.h>
91 #ifndef _MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_
92 #include <machine/atomic.h>
98 #include <sys/systm.h>
100 #ifndef _SYS_THREAD2_H_
101 #include <sys/thread2.h>
105 #include <machine/vmparam.h>
110 typedef enum vm_page_event
{ VMEVENT_NONE
, VMEVENT_COW
} vm_page_event_t
;
112 struct vm_page_action
{
113 LIST_ENTRY(vm_page_action
) entry
;
114 vm_page_event_t event
;
115 void (*func
)(struct vm_page
*,
116 struct vm_page_action
*);
120 typedef struct vm_page_action
*vm_page_action_t
;
123 * Management of resident (logical) pages.
125 * A small structure is kept for each resident
126 * page, indexed by page number. Each structure
127 * is an element of several lists:
129 * A hash table bucket used to quickly
130 * perform object/offset lookups
132 * A list of all pages for a given object,
133 * so they can be quickly deactivated at
134 * time of deallocation.
136 * An ordered list of pages due for pageout.
138 * In addition, the structure contains the object
139 * and offset to which this page belongs (for pageout),
140 * and sundry status bits.
142 * Fields in this structure are locked either by the lock on the
143 * object that the page belongs to (O) or by the lock on the page
146 * The 'valid' and 'dirty' fields are distinct. A page may have dirty
147 * bits set without having associated valid bits set. This is used by
148 * NFS to implement piecemeal writes.
151 TAILQ_HEAD(pglist
, vm_page
);
156 int rb_vm_page_compare(struct vm_page
*, struct vm_page
*);
158 struct vm_page_rb_tree
;
159 RB_PROTOTYPE2(vm_page_rb_tree
, vm_page
, rb_entry
, rb_vm_page_compare
, vm_pindex_t
);
162 TAILQ_ENTRY(vm_page
) pageq
; /* vm_page_queues[] list (P) */
163 RB_ENTRY(vm_page
) rb_entry
; /* Red-Black tree based at object */
165 struct vm_object
*object
; /* which object am I in (O,P)*/
166 vm_pindex_t pindex
; /* offset into object (O,P) */
167 vm_paddr_t phys_addr
; /* physical address of page */
168 struct md_page md
; /* machine dependant stuff */
169 u_short queue
; /* page queue index */
170 u_short flags
; /* see below */
171 u_short pc
; /* page color */
172 u_char act_count
; /* page usage count */
173 u_char busy
; /* page busy count */
174 u_int wire_count
; /* wired down maps refs (P) */
175 int hold_count
; /* page hold count */
178 * NOTE that these must support one bit per DEV_BSIZE in a page!!!
179 * so, on normal X86 kernels, they must be at least 8 bits wide.
181 #if PAGE_SIZE == 4096
182 u_char valid
; /* map of valid DEV_BSIZE chunks */
183 u_char dirty
; /* map of dirty DEV_BSIZE chunks */
184 #elif PAGE_SIZE == 8192
185 u_short valid
; /* map of valid DEV_BSIZE chunks */
186 u_short dirty
; /* map of dirty DEV_BSIZE chunks */
188 struct msf_buf
*msf_hint
; /* first page of an msfbuf map */
189 LIST_HEAD(,vm_page_action
) action_list
;
192 #ifndef __VM_PAGE_T_DEFINED__
193 #define __VM_PAGE_T_DEFINED__
194 typedef struct vm_page
*vm_page_t
;
198 * note: currently use SWAPBLK_NONE as an absolute value rather then
201 #define SWAPBLK_MASK ((daddr_t)((u_daddr_t)-1 >> 1)) /* mask */
202 #define SWAPBLK_NONE ((daddr_t)((u_daddr_t)SWAPBLK_MASK + 1))/* flag */
205 * Page coloring parameters. We default to a middle of the road optimization.
206 * Larger selections would not really hurt us but if a machine does not have
207 * a lot of memory it could cause vm_page_alloc() to eat more cpu cycles
208 * looking for free pages.
210 * Page coloring cannot be disabled. Modules do not have access to most PQ
211 * constants because they can change between builds.
213 #if defined(_KERNEL) && !defined(KLD_MODULE)
215 #if !defined(PQ_CACHESIZE)
216 #define PQ_CACHESIZE 256 /* max is 1024 (MB) */
219 #if PQ_CACHESIZE >= 1024
220 #define PQ_PRIME1 31 /* Prime number somewhat less than PQ_HASH_SIZE */
221 #define PQ_PRIME2 23 /* Prime number somewhat less than PQ_HASH_SIZE */
222 #define PQ_L2_SIZE 256 /* A number of colors opt for 1M cache */
224 #elif PQ_CACHESIZE >= 512
225 #define PQ_PRIME1 31 /* Prime number somewhat less than PQ_HASH_SIZE */
226 #define PQ_PRIME2 23 /* Prime number somewhat less than PQ_HASH_SIZE */
227 #define PQ_L2_SIZE 128 /* A number of colors opt for 512K cache */
229 #elif PQ_CACHESIZE >= 256
230 #define PQ_PRIME1 13 /* Prime number somewhat less than PQ_HASH_SIZE */
231 #define PQ_PRIME2 7 /* Prime number somewhat less than PQ_HASH_SIZE */
232 #define PQ_L2_SIZE 64 /* A number of colors opt for 256K cache */
234 #elif PQ_CACHESIZE >= 128
235 #define PQ_PRIME1 9 /* Produces a good PQ_L2_SIZE/3 + PQ_PRIME1 */
236 #define PQ_PRIME2 5 /* Prime number somewhat less than PQ_HASH_SIZE */
237 #define PQ_L2_SIZE 32 /* A number of colors opt for 128k cache */
240 #define PQ_PRIME1 5 /* Prime number somewhat less than PQ_HASH_SIZE */
241 #define PQ_PRIME2 3 /* Prime number somewhat less than PQ_HASH_SIZE */
242 #define PQ_L2_SIZE 16 /* A reasonable number of colors (opt for 64K cache) */
246 #define PQ_L2_MASK (PQ_L2_SIZE - 1)
248 #endif /* KERNEL && !KLD_MODULE */
252 * The queue array is always based on PQ_MAXL2_SIZE regardless of the actual
253 * cache size chosen in order to present a uniform interface for modules.
255 #define PQ_MAXL2_SIZE 256 /* fixed maximum (in pages) / module compat */
257 #if PQ_L2_SIZE > PQ_MAXL2_SIZE
258 #error "Illegal PQ_L2_SIZE"
263 #define PQ_INACTIVE (1 + 1*PQ_MAXL2_SIZE)
264 #define PQ_ACTIVE (2 + 1*PQ_MAXL2_SIZE)
265 #define PQ_CACHE (3 + 1*PQ_MAXL2_SIZE)
266 #define PQ_HOLD (3 + 2*PQ_MAXL2_SIZE)
267 #define PQ_COUNT (4 + 2*PQ_MAXL2_SIZE)
274 struct rb_vm_page_scan_info
{
275 vm_pindex_t start_pindex
;
276 vm_pindex_t end_pindex
;
282 vm_pindex_t backing_offset_index
;
283 struct vm_object
*object
;
284 struct vm_object
*backing_object
;
285 struct vm_page
*mpte
;
290 int rb_vm_page_scancmp(struct vm_page
*, void *);
296 int flipflop
; /* probably not the best place */
299 extern struct vpgqueues vm_page_queues
[PQ_COUNT
];
302 * These are the flags defined for vm_page.
304 * PG_UNMANAGED (used by OBJT_PHYS) indicates that the page is
305 * not under PV management but otherwise should be treated as a
306 * normal page. Pages not under PV management cannot be paged out
307 * via the object/vm_page_t because there is no knowledge of their
308 * pte mappings, nor can they be removed from their objects via
309 * the object, and such pages are also not on any PQ queue. The
310 * PG_MAPPED and PG_WRITEABLE flags are not applicable.
312 * PG_MAPPED only applies to managed pages, indicating whether the page
313 * is mapped onto one or more pmaps. A page might still be mapped to
314 * special pmaps in an unmanaged fashion, for example when mapped into a
315 * buffer cache buffer, without setting PG_MAPPED.
317 * PG_WRITEABLE indicates that there may be a writeable managed pmap entry
318 * somewhere, and that the page can be dirtied by hardware at any time
319 * and may have to be tested for that. The modified bit in unmanaged
320 * mappings or in the special clean map is not tested.
322 * PG_SWAPPED indicates that the page is backed by a swap block. Any
323 * VM object type other than OBJT_DEFAULT can have swap-backed pages now.
325 #define PG_BUSY 0x0001 /* page is in transit (O) */
326 #define PG_WANTED 0x0002 /* someone is waiting for page (O) */
327 #define PG_WINATCFLS 0x0004 /* flush dirty page on inactive q */
328 #define PG_FICTITIOUS 0x0008 /* physical page doesn't exist (O) */
329 #define PG_WRITEABLE 0x0010 /* page is writeable */
330 #define PG_MAPPED 0x0020 /* page is mapped (managed) */
331 #define PG_ZERO 0x0040 /* page is zeroed */
332 #define PG_REFERENCED 0x0080 /* page has been referenced */
333 #define PG_CLEANCHK 0x0100 /* page will be checked for cleaning */
334 #define PG_SWAPINPROG 0x0200 /* swap I/O in progress on page */
335 #define PG_NOSYNC 0x0400 /* do not collect for syncer */
336 #define PG_UNMANAGED 0x0800 /* No PV management for page */
337 #define PG_MARKER 0x1000 /* special queue marker page */
338 #define PG_RAM 0x2000 /* read ahead mark */
339 #define PG_SWAPPED 0x4000 /* backed by swap */
340 #define PG_NOTMETA 0x8000 /* do not back with swap */
341 /* u_short, only 16 flag bits */
347 #define ACT_DECLINE 1
348 #define ACT_ADVANCE 3
354 * Each pageable resident page falls into one of four lists:
357 * Available for allocation now.
359 * The following are all LRU sorted:
362 * Almost available for allocation. Still in an
363 * object, but clean and immediately freeable at
364 * non-interrupt times.
367 * Low activity, candidates for reclamation.
368 * This is the list of pages that should be
372 * Pages that are "active" i.e. they have been
373 * recently referenced.
376 * Pages that are really free and have been pre-zeroed
380 extern int vm_page_zero_count
;
381 extern struct vm_page
*vm_page_array
; /* First resident page in table */
382 extern int vm_page_array_size
; /* number of vm_page_t's */
383 extern long first_page
; /* first physical page number */
385 #define VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(entry) \
388 #define PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa) \
389 (&vm_page_array[atop(pa) - first_page])
392 * Functions implemented as macros
396 vm_page_flag_set(vm_page_t m
, unsigned int bits
)
398 atomic_set_short(&(m
)->flags
, bits
);
402 vm_page_flag_clear(vm_page_t m
, unsigned int bits
)
404 atomic_clear_short(&(m
)->flags
, bits
);
408 vm_page_busy(vm_page_t m
)
410 KASSERT((m
->flags
& PG_BUSY
) == 0,
411 ("vm_page_busy: page already busy!!!"));
412 vm_page_flag_set(m
, PG_BUSY
);
418 * wakeup anyone waiting for the page.
422 vm_page_flash(vm_page_t m
)
424 if (m
->flags
& PG_WANTED
) {
425 vm_page_flag_clear(m
, PG_WANTED
);
431 * Clear the PG_BUSY flag and wakeup anyone waiting for the page. This
432 * is typically the last call you make on a page before moving onto
436 vm_page_wakeup(vm_page_t m
)
438 KASSERT(m
->flags
& PG_BUSY
, ("vm_page_wakeup: page not busy!!!"));
439 vm_page_flag_clear(m
, PG_BUSY
);
444 * These routines manipulate the 'soft busy' count for a page. A soft busy
445 * is almost like PG_BUSY except that it allows certain compatible operations
446 * to occur on the page while it is busy. For example, a page undergoing a
447 * write can still be mapped read-only.
450 vm_page_io_start(vm_page_t m
)
452 atomic_add_char(&(m
)->busy
, 1);
456 vm_page_io_finish(vm_page_t m
)
458 atomic_subtract_char(&m
->busy
, 1);
464 #if PAGE_SIZE == 4096
465 #define VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL 0xff
468 #if PAGE_SIZE == 8192
469 #define VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL 0xffff
473 * Note: the code will always use nominally free pages from the free list
474 * before trying other flag-specified sources.
476 * At least one of VM_ALLOC_NORMAL|VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM|VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT
477 * must be specified. VM_ALLOC_RETRY may only be specified if VM_ALLOC_NORMAL
480 #define VM_ALLOC_NORMAL 0x01 /* ok to use cache pages */
481 #define VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM 0x02 /* ok to exhaust most of free list */
482 #define VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT 0x04 /* ok to exhaust entire free list */
483 #define VM_ALLOC_ZERO 0x08 /* req pre-zero'd memory if avail */
484 #define VM_ALLOC_QUICK 0x10 /* like NORMAL but do not use cache */
485 #define VM_ALLOC_RETRY 0x80 /* indefinite block (vm_page_grab()) */
487 void vm_page_unhold(vm_page_t mem
);
488 void vm_page_activate (vm_page_t
);
489 vm_page_t
vm_page_alloc (struct vm_object
*, vm_pindex_t
, int);
490 vm_page_t
vm_page_grab (struct vm_object
*, vm_pindex_t
, int);
491 void vm_page_cache (vm_page_t
);
492 int vm_page_try_to_cache (vm_page_t
);
493 int vm_page_try_to_free (vm_page_t
);
494 void vm_page_dontneed (vm_page_t
);
495 void vm_page_deactivate (vm_page_t
);
496 void vm_page_insert (vm_page_t
, struct vm_object
*, vm_pindex_t
);
497 vm_page_t
vm_page_lookup (struct vm_object
*, vm_pindex_t
);
498 void vm_page_remove (vm_page_t
);
499 void vm_page_rename (vm_page_t
, struct vm_object
*, vm_pindex_t
);
500 vm_offset_t
vm_page_startup (vm_offset_t
);
501 vm_page_t
vm_add_new_page (vm_paddr_t pa
);
502 void vm_page_unmanage (vm_page_t
);
503 void vm_page_unwire (vm_page_t
, int);
504 void vm_page_wire (vm_page_t
);
505 void vm_page_unqueue (vm_page_t
);
506 void vm_page_unqueue_nowakeup (vm_page_t
);
507 void vm_page_set_validclean (vm_page_t
, int, int);
508 void vm_page_set_valid (vm_page_t
, int, int);
509 void vm_page_set_dirty (vm_page_t
, int, int);
510 void vm_page_clear_dirty (vm_page_t
, int, int);
511 void vm_page_set_invalid (vm_page_t
, int, int);
512 int vm_page_is_valid (vm_page_t
, int, int);
513 void vm_page_test_dirty (vm_page_t
);
514 int vm_page_bits (int, int);
515 vm_page_t
vm_page_list_find(int basequeue
, int index
, boolean_t prefer_zero
);
516 void vm_page_zero_invalid(vm_page_t m
, boolean_t setvalid
);
517 void vm_page_free_toq(vm_page_t m
);
518 vm_offset_t
vm_contig_pg_kmap(int, u_long
, vm_map_t
, int);
519 void vm_contig_pg_free(int, u_long
);
520 void vm_page_event_internal(vm_page_t
, vm_page_event_t
);
521 void vm_page_dirty(vm_page_t m
);
524 * Holding a page keeps it from being reused. Other parts of the system
525 * can still disassociate the page from its current object and free it, or
526 * perform read or write I/O on it and/or otherwise manipulate the page,
527 * but if the page is held the VM system will leave the page and its data
528 * intact and not reuse the page for other purposes until the last hold
529 * reference is released. (see vm_page_wire() if you want to prevent the
530 * page from being disassociated from its object too).
532 * This routine must be called while at splvm() or better.
534 * The caller must still validate the contents of the page and, if necessary,
535 * wait for any pending I/O (e.g. vm_page_sleep_busy() loop) to complete
536 * before manipulating the page.
539 vm_page_hold(vm_page_t mem
)
545 * Reduce the protection of a page. This routine never raises the
546 * protection and therefore can be safely called if the page is already
547 * at VM_PROT_NONE (it will be a NOP effectively ).
549 * VM_PROT_NONE will remove all user mappings of a page. This is often
550 * necessary when a page changes state (for example, turns into a copy-on-write
551 * page or needs to be frozen for write I/O) in order to force a fault, or
552 * to force a page's dirty bits to be synchronized and avoid hardware
553 * (modified/accessed) bit update races with pmap changes.
555 * Since 'prot' is usually a constant, this inline usually winds up optimizing
556 * out the primary conditional.
558 * WARNING: VM_PROT_NONE can block, but will loop until all mappings have
559 * been cleared. Callers should be aware that other page related elements
560 * might have changed, however.
563 vm_page_protect(vm_page_t mem
, int prot
)
565 if (prot
== VM_PROT_NONE
) {
566 if (mem
->flags
& (PG_WRITEABLE
|PG_MAPPED
)) {
567 pmap_page_protect(mem
, VM_PROT_NONE
);
568 /* PG_WRITEABLE & PG_MAPPED cleared by call */
570 } else if ((prot
== VM_PROT_READ
) && (mem
->flags
& PG_WRITEABLE
)) {
571 pmap_page_protect(mem
, VM_PROT_READ
);
572 /* PG_WRITEABLE cleared by call */
577 * Zero-fill the specified page. The entire contents of the page will be
580 static __inline boolean_t
581 vm_page_zero_fill(vm_page_t m
)
583 pmap_zero_page(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m
));
588 * Copy the contents of src_m to dest_m. The pages must be stable but spl
589 * and other protections depend on context.
592 vm_page_copy(vm_page_t src_m
, vm_page_t dest_m
)
594 pmap_copy_page(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(src_m
), VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(dest_m
));
595 dest_m
->valid
= VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL
;
596 dest_m
->dirty
= VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL
;
600 * Free a page. The page must be marked BUSY.
602 * The clearing of PG_ZERO is a temporary safety until the code can be
603 * reviewed to determine that PG_ZERO is being properly cleared on
604 * write faults or maps. PG_ZERO was previously cleared in
608 vm_page_free(vm_page_t m
)
610 vm_page_flag_clear(m
, PG_ZERO
);
615 * Free a page to the zerod-pages queue
618 vm_page_free_zero(vm_page_t m
)
621 /* JG DEBUG64 We check if the page is really zeroed. */
622 char *p
= (char *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m
));
625 for (i
= 0; i
< PAGE_SIZE
; i
++) {
627 panic("non-zero page in vm_page_free_zero()");
632 vm_page_flag_set(m
, PG_ZERO
);
637 * Wait until page is no longer PG_BUSY or (if also_m_busy is TRUE)
638 * m->busy is zero. Returns TRUE if it had to sleep ( including if
639 * it almost had to sleep and made temporary spl*() mods), FALSE
642 * This routine assumes that interrupts can only remove the busy
643 * status from a page, not set the busy status or change it from
644 * PG_BUSY to m->busy or vise versa (which would create a timing
647 * Note: as an inline, 'also_m_busy' is usually a constant and well
651 vm_page_sleep_busy(vm_page_t m
, int also_m_busy
, const char *msg
)
653 if ((m
->flags
& PG_BUSY
) || (also_m_busy
&& m
->busy
)) {
655 if ((m
->flags
& PG_BUSY
) || (also_m_busy
&& m
->busy
)) {
657 * Page is busy. Wait and retry.
659 vm_page_flag_set(m
, PG_WANTED
| PG_REFERENCED
);
660 tsleep(m
, 0, msg
, 0);
670 * Set page to not be dirty. Note: does not clear pmap modify bits .
673 vm_page_undirty(vm_page_t m
)
679 #endif /* !_VM_VM_PAGE_H_ */