1 .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
13 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
14 .\" without specific prior written permission.
16 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28 .\" @(#)signal.3 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
29 .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/gen/signal.3,v 1.17.2.9 2003/03/13 18:05:37 trhodes Exp $
36 .Nd simplified software signal facilities
41 .\" The following is Quite Ugly, but syntactically correct. Don't try to
44 .Fn (*signal "int sig" "void (*func)(int)))(int"
48 equivalent but easier to read typedef'd version:
49 .Ft typedef "void (*sig_t) (int)" ;
51 .Fn signal "int sig" "sig_t func"
56 is a simplified interface to the more general
60 Signals allow the manipulation of a process from outside its
61 domain as well as allowing the process to manipulate itself or
62 copies of itself (children).
63 There are two general types of signals:
64 those that cause termination of a process and those that do not.
65 Signals which cause termination of a program might result from
66 an irrecoverable error or might be the result of a user at a terminal
67 typing the `interrupt' character.
68 Signals are used when a process is stopped because it wishes to access
69 its control terminal while in the background (see
71 Signals are optionally generated
72 when a process resumes after being stopped,
73 when the status of child processes changes,
74 or when input is ready at the control terminal.
75 Most signals result in the termination of the process receiving them
77 is taken; some signals instead cause the process receiving them
78 to be stopped, or are simply discarded if the process has not
86 function allows for a signal to be caught, to be ignored, or to generate
88 These signals are defined in the file
90 .Bl -column ".Dv SIGCKPTEXIT" "create core imagexxx"
91 .It Sy "Name Default Action Description"
92 .It Dv SIGHUP Ta "terminate process" Ta "terminal line hangup"
93 .It Dv SIGINT Ta "terminate process" Ta "interrupt program"
94 .It Dv SIGQUIT Ta "create core image" Ta "quit program"
95 .It Dv SIGILL Ta "create core image" Ta "illegal instruction"
96 .It Dv SIGTRAP Ta "create core image" Ta "trace trap"
97 .It Dv SIGABRT Ta "create core image" Ta "abort program"
100 .It Dv SIGEMT Ta "create core image" Ta "emulate instruction executed"
101 .It Dv SIGFPE Ta "create core image" Ta "floating-point exception"
102 .It Dv SIGKILL Ta "terminate process" Ta "kill program"
103 .It Dv SIGBUS Ta "create core image" Ta "bus error"
104 .It Dv SIGSEGV Ta "create core image" Ta "segmentation violation"
105 .It Dv SIGSYS Ta "create core image" Ta "non-existent system call invoked"
106 .It Dv SIGPIPE Ta "terminate process" Ta "write on a pipe with no reader"
107 .It Dv SIGALRM Ta "terminate process" Ta "real-time timer expired"
108 .It Dv SIGTERM Ta "terminate process" Ta "software termination signal"
109 .It Dv SIGURG Ta "discard signal" Ta "urgent condition present on socket"
110 .It Dv SIGSTOP Ta "stop process" Ta "stop (cannot be caught or ignored)"
111 .It Dv SIGTSTP Ta "stop process" Ta "stop signal generated from keyboard"
112 .It Dv SIGCONT Ta "discard signal" Ta "continue after stop"
113 .It Dv SIGCHLD Ta "discard signal" Ta "child status has changed"
114 .It Dv SIGTTIN Ta "stop process" Ta "background read attempted from control terminal"
115 .It Dv SIGTTOU Ta "stop process" Ta "background write attempted to control terminal"
116 .It Dv SIGIO Ta "discard signal" Ta Tn "I/O"
117 is possible on a descriptor (see
119 .It Dv SIGXCPU Ta "terminate process" Ta "cpu time limit exceeded (see"
121 .It Dv SIGXFSZ Ta "terminate process" Ta "file size limit exceeded (see"
123 .It Dv SIGVTALRM Ta "terminate process" Ta "virtual time alarm (see"
125 .It Dv SIGPROF Ta "terminate process" Ta "profiling timer alarm (see"
127 .It Dv SIGWINCH Ta "discard signal" Ta "Window size change"
128 .It Dv SIGINFO Ta "discard signal" Ta "status request from keyboard"
129 .It Dv SIGUSR1 Ta "terminate process" Ta "User defined signal 1"
130 .It Dv SIGUSR2 Ta "terminate process" Ta "User defined signal 2"
131 .It Dv SIGCKPT Ta "checkpoint process" Ta "Checkpoint"
132 .It Dv SIGCKPTEXIT Ta "terminate process" Ta "Checkpoint and exit"
137 argument specifies which signal was received.
140 procedure allows a user to choose the action upon receipt of a signal.
141 To set the default action of the signal to occur as listed above,
147 resets the default action.
152 This will cause subsequent instances of the signal to be ignored
153 and pending instances to be discarded.
157 further occurrences of the signal are
158 automatically blocked and
162 The handled signal is unblocked when the
164 the process continues from where it left off when the signal occurred.
166 Unlike previous signal facilities, the handler
167 func() remains installed after a signal has been delivered.
170 For some system calls, if a signal is caught while the call is
171 executing and the call is prematurely terminated,
172 the call is automatically restarted.
173 (The handler is installed using the
177 The affected system calls include
185 on a communications channel or a low speed device
190 However, calls that have already committed are not restarted,
191 but instead return a partial success (for example, a short read count).
192 These semantics could be changed with
195 When a process which has installed signal handlers forks,
196 the child process inherits the signals.
197 All caught signals may be reset to their default action by a call
201 ignored signals remain ignored.
205 for a list of functions
206 that are considered safe for use in signal handlers.
208 The previous action is returned on a successful call.
211 is returned and the global variable
213 is set to indicate the error.
218 will fail and no action will take place if one of the
225 is not a valid signal number.
227 An attempt is made to ignore or supply a handler for