1 .\" $OpenBSD: arc4random.3,v 1.2 1997/04/27 22:40:25 angelos Exp $
2 .\" Copyright 1997 Niels Provos <provos@physnet.uni-hamburg.de>
3 .\" All rights reserved.
5 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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13 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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15 .\" This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
16 .\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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19 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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30 .\" Manual page, using -mandoc macros
31 .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/gen/arc4random.3,v 1.18 2008/07/22 11:33:49 ache Exp $
32 .\" $DragonFly: src/lib/libc/gen/arc4random.3,v 1.6 2007/06/15 10:10:13 swildner Exp $
40 .Nm arc4random_uniform ,
42 .Nm arc4random_addrandom
43 .Nd arc4 random number generator
51 .Fn arc4random_buf "void *buf" "size_t nbytes"
53 .Fn arc4random_uniform "u_int32_t upper_bound"
55 .Fn arc4random_stir "void"
57 .Fn arc4random_addrandom "uint8_t *dat" "size_t datlen"
61 function uses the key stream generator employed by the
62 arc4 cipher, which uses 8*8 8 bit S-Boxes.
65 .if t 2\u\s71700\s10\d
70 function returns pseudo-random numbers in the range of 0 to
71 .if t 2\u\s731\s10\d\(mi1,
73 and therefore has twice the range of
79 function fills the region
83 with ARC4-derived random data.
85 .Fn arc4random_uniform
86 will return a uniformly distributed random number less than
88 .Fn arc4random_uniform
89 is recommended over constructions like
90 .Dq Li arc4random() % upper_bound
91 as it avoids "modulo bias" when the upper bound is not a power of two.
95 function reads data from
97 and uses it to permute the S-Boxes via
98 .Fn arc4random_addrandom .
100 There is no need to call
104 functions family, since
105 they automatically initialize themselves.
107 The following produces a drop-in replacement for the traditional
114 .Dl "#define foo4random() (arc4random() % ((unsigned)RAND_MAX + 1))"
122 has been designed by RSA Data Security, Inc.
123 It was posted anonymously
124 to the USENET and was confirmed to be equivalent by several sources who
125 had access to the original cipher.
128 used to be a trade secret, the cipher is now referred to as