2 * Copyright (c) 1996, by Steve Passe
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. The name of the developer may NOT be used to endorse or promote products
11 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
13 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
14 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
15 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
16 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
17 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
18 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
19 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
20 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
21 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
22 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
25 * $FreeBSD: src/usr.sbin/mptable/mptable.c,v 1.12.2.3 2000/12/11 01:03:34 obrien Exp $
26 * $DragonFly: src/usr.sbin/mptable/mptable.c,v 1.4 2008/04/20 13:44:26 swildner Exp $
37 #define MP_SIG 0x5f504d5f /* _MP_ */
38 #define EXTENDED_PROCESSING_READY
39 #define OEM_PROCESSING_READY_NOT
41 #include <sys/types.h>
51 "\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
54 "\n===============================================================================\n"
56 /* EBDA is @ 40:0e in real-mode terms */
57 #define EBDA_POINTER 0x040e /* location of EBDA pointer */
59 /* CMOS 'top of mem' is @ 40:13 in real-mode terms */
60 #define TOPOFMEM_POINTER 0x0413 /* BIOS: base memory size */
62 #define DEFAULT_TOPOFMEM 0xa0000
64 #define BIOS_BASE 0xf0000
65 #define BIOS_BASE2 0xe0000
66 #define BIOS_SIZE 0x10000
67 #define ONE_KBYTE 1024
69 #define GROPE_AREA1 0x80000
70 #define GROPE_AREA2 0x90000
71 #define GROPE_SIZE 0x10000
73 #define PROCENTRY_FLAG_EN 0x01
74 #define PROCENTRY_FLAG_BP 0x02
75 #define IOAPICENTRY_FLAG_EN 0x01
87 UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
= 0xff
90 typedef struct BUSTYPENAME
{
95 static busTypeName busTypeTable
[] =
100 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
101 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
103 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
104 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
105 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
106 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
107 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
108 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
110 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
111 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
112 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
113 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
114 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" },
115 { UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
, "---" }
118 char* whereStrings
[] = {
119 "Extended BIOS Data Area",
120 "BIOS top of memory",
121 "Default top of memory",
128 typedef struct TABLE_ENTRY
{
134 tableEntry basetableEntryTypes
[] =
136 { 0, 20, "Processor" },
138 { 2, 8, "I/O APIC" },
140 { 4, 8, "Local INT" }
143 tableEntry extendedtableEntryTypes
[] =
145 { 128, 20, "System Address Space" },
146 { 129, 8, "Bus Hierarchy" },
147 { 130, 8, "Compatibility Bus Address" }
150 /* MP Floating Pointer Structure */
151 typedef struct MPFPS
{
164 /* MP Configuration Table Header */
165 typedef struct MPCTH
{
167 u_short base_table_length
;
171 u_char product_id
[ 12 ];
172 void* oem_table_pointer
;
173 u_short oem_table_size
;
176 u_short extended_table_length
;
177 u_char extended_table_checksum
;
182 typedef struct PROCENTRY
{
193 typedef struct BUSENTRY
{
199 typedef struct IOAPICENTRY
{
207 typedef struct INTENTRY
{
219 * extended entry type structures
222 typedef struct SASENTRY
{
227 u_int64_t addressBase
;
228 u_int64_t addressLength
;
232 typedef struct BHDENTRY
{
238 u_char reserved
[ 3 ];
242 typedef struct CBASMENTRY
{
247 u_int predefinedRange
;
252 static void apic_probe( vm_offset_t
* paddr
, int* where
);
254 static void MPConfigDefault( int featureByte
);
256 static void MPFloatingPointer( vm_offset_t paddr
, int where
, mpfps_t
* mpfps
);
257 static void MPConfigTableHeader( void* pap
);
259 static int readType( void );
260 static void seekEntry( vm_offset_t addr
);
261 static void readEntry( void* entry
, int size
);
263 static void processorEntry( void );
264 static void busEntry( void );
265 static void ioApicEntry( void );
266 static void intEntry( void );
268 static void sasEntry( void );
269 static void bhdEntry( void );
270 static void cbasmEntry( void );
272 static void doDmesg( void );
273 static void pnstr( char* s
, int c
);
276 int pfd
; /* physical /dev/mem fd */
294 fprintf( stderr
, "usage: mptable [-dmesg] [-verbose] [-grope] [-raw] [-help]\n" );
302 main( int argc
, char *argv
[] )
312 /* announce ourselves */
315 printf( "MPTable, version %d.%d.%d\n", VMAJOR
, VMINOR
, VDELTA
);
317 while ((ch
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "d:g:h:r:v:")) != -1) {
320 if ( strcmp( optarg
, "mesg") == 0 )
326 if ( strcmp( optarg
, "elp") == 0 )
330 if ( strcmp( optarg
, "rope") == 0 )
334 if ( strcmp (optarg
, "aw") == 0 )
338 if ( strcmp( optarg
, "erbose") == 0 )
349 /* open physical memory for access to MP structures */
350 if ( (pfd
= open( _PATH_MEM
, O_RDONLY
)) < 0 )
351 err( 1, "mem open" );
353 /* probe for MP structures */
354 apic_probe( &paddr
, &where
);
356 fprintf( stderr
, "\n MP FPS NOT found,\n" );
357 fprintf( stderr
, " suggest trying -grope option!!!\n\n" );
362 printf( "\n MP FPS found in %s @ physical addr: 0x%08x\n",
363 whereStrings
[ where
- 1 ], paddr
);
367 /* analyze the MP Floating Pointer Structure */
368 MPFloatingPointer( paddr
, where
, &mpfps
);
372 /* check whether an MP config table exists */
373 if ( (defaultConfig
= mpfps
.mpfb1
) )
374 MPConfigDefault( defaultConfig
);
376 MPConfigTableHeader( mpfps
.pap
);
378 /* do a dmesg output */
389 * set PHYSICAL address of MP floating pointer structure
391 #define NEXT(X) ((X) += 4)
393 apic_probe( vm_offset_t
* paddr
, int* where
)
396 * c rewrite of apic_probe() by Jack F. Vogel
402 u_int buffer
[ BIOS_SIZE
/ sizeof( int ) ];
407 /* search Extended Bios Data Area, if present */
409 printf( " looking for EBDA pointer @ 0x%04x, ", EBDA_POINTER
);
410 seekEntry( (vm_offset_t
)EBDA_POINTER
);
411 readEntry( &segment
, 2 );
412 if ( segment
) { /* search EBDA */
413 target
= (vm_offset_t
)segment
<< 4;
415 printf( "found, searching EBDA @ 0x%08x\n", target
);
417 readEntry( buffer
, ONE_KBYTE
);
419 for ( x
= 0; x
< ONE_KBYTE
/ sizeof ( unsigned int ); NEXT(x
) ) {
420 if ( buffer
[ x
] == MP_SIG
) {
422 *paddr
= (x
* sizeof( unsigned int )) + target
;
429 printf( "NOT found\n" );
432 /* read CMOS for real top of mem */
433 seekEntry( (vm_offset_t
)TOPOFMEM_POINTER
);
434 readEntry( &segment
, 2 );
435 --segment
; /* less ONE_KBYTE */
436 target
= segment
* 1024;
438 printf( " searching CMOS 'top of mem' @ 0x%08x (%dK)\n",
441 readEntry( buffer
, ONE_KBYTE
);
443 for ( x
= 0; x
< ONE_KBYTE
/ sizeof ( unsigned int ); NEXT(x
) ) {
444 if ( buffer
[ x
] == MP_SIG
) {
446 *paddr
= (x
* sizeof( unsigned int )) + target
;
451 /* we don't necessarily believe CMOS, check base of the last 1K of 640K */
452 if ( target
!= (DEFAULT_TOPOFMEM
- 1024)) {
453 target
= (DEFAULT_TOPOFMEM
- 1024);
455 printf( " searching default 'top of mem' @ 0x%08x (%dK)\n",
456 target
, (target
/ 1024) );
458 readEntry( buffer
, ONE_KBYTE
);
460 for ( x
= 0; x
< ONE_KBYTE
/ sizeof ( unsigned int ); NEXT(x
) ) {
461 if ( buffer
[ x
] == MP_SIG
) {
463 *paddr
= (x
* sizeof( unsigned int )) + target
;
469 /* search the BIOS */
471 printf( " searching BIOS @ 0x%08x\n", BIOS_BASE
);
472 seekEntry( BIOS_BASE
);
473 readEntry( buffer
, BIOS_SIZE
);
475 for ( x
= 0; x
< BIOS_SIZE
/ sizeof( unsigned int ); NEXT(x
) ) {
476 if ( buffer
[ x
] == MP_SIG
) {
478 *paddr
= (x
* sizeof( unsigned int )) + BIOS_BASE
;
483 /* search the extended BIOS */
485 printf( " searching extended BIOS @ 0x%08x\n", BIOS_BASE2
);
486 seekEntry( BIOS_BASE2
);
487 readEntry( buffer
, BIOS_SIZE
);
489 for ( x
= 0; x
< BIOS_SIZE
/ sizeof( unsigned int ); NEXT(x
) ) {
490 if ( buffer
[ x
] == MP_SIG
) {
492 *paddr
= (x
* sizeof( unsigned int )) + BIOS_BASE2
;
498 /* search additional memory */
499 target
= GROPE_AREA1
;
501 printf( " groping memory @ 0x%08x\n", target
);
503 readEntry( buffer
, GROPE_SIZE
);
505 for ( x
= 0; x
< GROPE_SIZE
/ sizeof( unsigned int ); NEXT(x
) ) {
506 if ( buffer
[ x
] == MP_SIG
) {
508 *paddr
= (x
* sizeof( unsigned int )) + GROPE_AREA1
;
513 target
= GROPE_AREA2
;
515 printf( " groping memory @ 0x%08x\n", target
);
517 readEntry( buffer
, GROPE_SIZE
);
519 for ( x
= 0; x
< GROPE_SIZE
/ sizeof( unsigned int ); NEXT(x
) ) {
520 if ( buffer
[ x
] == MP_SIG
) {
522 *paddr
= (x
* sizeof( unsigned int )) + GROPE_AREA2
;
529 *paddr
= (vm_offset_t
)0;
537 MPFloatingPointer( vm_offset_t paddr
, int where
, mpfps_t
* mpfps
)
540 /* read in mpfps structure*/
542 readEntry( mpfps
, sizeof( mpfps_t
) );
544 /* show its contents */
545 printf( "MP Floating Pointer Structure:\n\n" );
547 printf( " location:\t\t\t" );
554 printf( "BIOS base memory\n" );
557 printf( "DEFAULT base memory (639K)\n" );
563 printf( "Extended BIOS\n" );
567 printf( "NOT found!\n" );
570 printf( "BOGUS!\n" );
573 printf( " physical address:\t\t0x%08x\n", paddr
);
575 printf( " signature:\t\t\t'" );
576 pnstr( mpfps
->signature
, 4 );
579 printf( " length:\t\t\t%d bytes\n", mpfps
->length
* 16 );
580 printf( " version:\t\t\t1.%1d\n", mpfps
->spec_rev
);
581 printf( " checksum:\t\t\t0x%02x\n", mpfps
->checksum
);
583 /* bits 0:6 are RESERVED */
584 if ( mpfps
->mpfb2
& 0x7f ) {
585 printf( " warning, MP feature byte 2: 0x%02x\n", mpfps
->mpfb2
);
589 printf( " mode:\t\t\t\t%s\n", (mpfps
->mpfb2
& 0x80) ?
590 "PIC" : "Virtual Wire" );
592 /* MP feature bytes 3-5 are expected to be ZERO */
594 printf( " warning, MP feature byte 3 NONZERO!\n" );
596 printf( " warning, MP feature byte 4 NONZERO!\n" );
598 printf( " warning, MP feature byte 5 NONZERO!\n" );
606 MPConfigDefault( int featureByte
)
608 printf( " MP default config type: %d\n\n", featureByte
);
609 switch ( featureByte
) {
611 printf( " bus: ISA, APIC: 82489DX\n" );
614 printf( " bus: EISA, APIC: 82489DX\n" );
617 printf( " bus: EISA, APIC: 82489DX\n" );
620 printf( " bus: MCA, APIC: 82489DX\n" );
623 printf( " bus: ISA+PCI, APIC: Integrated\n" );
626 printf( " bus: EISA+PCI, APIC: Integrated\n" );
629 printf( " bus: MCA+PCI, APIC: Integrated\n" );
632 printf( " future type\n" );
636 switch ( featureByte
) {
649 printf( " future type\n" );
663 MPConfigTableHeader( void* pap
)
673 printf( "MP Configuration Table Header MISSING!\n" );
677 /* convert physical address to virtual address */
678 paddr
= (vm_offset_t
)pap
;
680 /* read in cth structure */
682 readEntry( &cth
, sizeof( cth
) );
684 printf( "MP Config Table Header:\n\n" );
686 printf( " physical address:\t\t0x%08x\n", pap
);
688 printf( " signature:\t\t\t'" );
689 pnstr( cth
.signature
, 4 );
692 printf( " base table length:\t\t%d\n", cth
.base_table_length
);
694 printf( " version:\t\t\t1.%1d\n", cth
.spec_rev
);
695 printf( " checksum:\t\t\t0x%02x\n", cth
.checksum
);
697 printf( " OEM ID:\t\t\t'" );
698 pnstr( cth
.oem_id
, 8 );
701 printf( " Product ID:\t\t\t'" );
702 pnstr( cth
.product_id
, 12 );
705 printf( " OEM table pointer:\t\t0x%08x\n", cth
.oem_table_pointer
);
706 printf( " OEM table size:\t\t%d\n", cth
.oem_table_size
);
708 printf( " entry count:\t\t\t%d\n", cth
.entry_count
);
710 printf( " local APIC address:\t\t0x%08x\n", cth
.apic_address
);
712 printf( " extended table length:\t%d\n", cth
.extended_table_length
);
713 printf( " extended table checksum:\t%d\n", cth
.extended_table_checksum
);
715 totalSize
= cth
.base_table_length
- sizeof( struct MPCTH
);
716 count
= cth
.entry_count
;
720 printf( "MP Config Base Table Entries:\n\n" );
722 /* initialze tables */
723 for ( x
= 0; x
< 16; ++x
) {
724 busses
[ x
] = apics
[ x
] = 0xff;
732 /* process all the CPUs */
733 printf( "--\nProcessors:\tAPIC ID\tVersion\tState"
734 "\t\tFamily\tModel\tStep\tFlags\n" );
735 for ( t
= totalSize
, c
= count
; c
; c
-- ) {
736 if ( readType() == 0 )
738 totalSize
-= basetableEntryTypes
[ 0 ].length
;
741 /* process all the busses */
742 printf( "--\nBus:\t\tBus ID\tType\n" );
743 for ( t
= totalSize
, c
= count
; c
; c
-- ) {
744 if ( readType() == 1 )
746 totalSize
-= basetableEntryTypes
[ 1 ].length
;
749 /* process all the apics */
750 printf( "--\nI/O APICs:\tAPIC ID\tVersion\tState\t\tAddress\n" );
751 for ( t
= totalSize
, c
= count
; c
; c
-- ) {
752 if ( readType() == 2 )
754 totalSize
-= basetableEntryTypes
[ 2 ].length
;
757 /* process all the I/O Ints */
758 printf( "--\nI/O Ints:\tType\tPolarity Trigger\tBus ID\t IRQ\tAPIC ID\tPIN#\n" );
759 for ( t
= totalSize
, c
= count
; c
; c
-- ) {
760 if ( readType() == 3 )
762 totalSize
-= basetableEntryTypes
[ 3 ].length
;
765 /* process all the Local Ints */
766 printf( "--\nLocal Ints:\tType\tPolarity Trigger\tBus ID\t IRQ\tAPIC ID\tPIN#\n" );
767 for ( t
= totalSize
, c
= count
; c
; c
-- ) {
768 if ( readType() == 4 )
770 totalSize
-= basetableEntryTypes
[ 4 ].length
;
774 #if defined( EXTENDED_PROCESSING_READY )
775 /* process any extended data */
776 if ( (totalSize
= cth
.extended_table_length
) ) {
779 printf( "MP Config Extended Table Entries:\n\n" );
781 while ( totalSize
> 0 ) {
782 switch ( type
= readType() ) {
793 printf( "Extended Table HOSED!\n" );
797 totalSize
-= extendedtableEntryTypes
[ type
-128 ].length
;
800 #endif /* EXTENDED_PROCESSING_READY */
802 /* process any OEM data */
803 if ( cth
.oem_table_pointer
&& (cth
.oem_table_size
> 0) ) {
804 #if defined( OEM_PROCESSING_READY )
805 # error your on your own here!
806 /* convert OEM table pointer to virtual address */
807 poemtp
= (vm_offset_t
)cth
.oem_table_pointer
;
809 /* read in oem table structure */
810 if ( (oemdata
= (void*)malloc( cth
.oem_table_size
)) == NULL
)
811 err( 1, "oem malloc" );
814 readEntry( oemdata
, cth
.oem_table_size
);
820 printf( "\nyou need to modify the source to handle OEM data!\n\n" );
821 #endif /* OEM_PROCESSING_READY */
828 u_char dumpbuf
[ 4096 ];
830 ofd
= open( "/tmp/mpdump", O_CREAT
| O_RDWR
);
832 readEntry( dumpbuf
, 1024 );
833 write( ofd
, dumpbuf
, 1024 );
847 if ( read( pfd
, &type
, sizeof( u_char
) ) != sizeof( u_char
) )
848 err( 1, "type read; pfd: %d", pfd
);
850 if ( lseek( pfd
, -1, SEEK_CUR
) < 0 )
851 err( 1, "type seek" );
861 seekEntry( vm_offset_t addr
)
863 if ( lseek( pfd
, (off_t
)addr
, SEEK_SET
) < 0 )
864 err( 1, "%s seek", _PATH_MEM
);
872 readEntry( void* entry
, int size
)
874 if ( read( pfd
, entry
, size
) != size
)
875 err( 1, "readEntry" );
880 processorEntry( void )
884 /* read it into local memory */
885 readEntry( &entry
, sizeof( entry
) );
890 printf( "\t\t%2d", entry
.apicID
);
891 printf( "\t 0x%2x", entry
.apicVersion
);
894 (entry
.cpuFlags
& PROCENTRY_FLAG_BP
) ? "BSP" : "AP",
895 (entry
.cpuFlags
& PROCENTRY_FLAG_EN
) ? "usable" : "unusable" );
897 printf( "\t %d\t %d\t %d",
898 (entry
.cpuSignature
>> 8) & 0x0f,
899 (entry
.cpuSignature
>> 4) & 0x0f,
900 entry
.cpuSignature
& 0x0f );
902 printf( "\t 0x%04x\n", entry
.featureFlags
);
910 lookupBusType( char* name
)
914 for ( x
= 0; x
< MAX_BUSTYPE
; ++x
)
915 if ( strcmp( busTypeTable
[ x
].name
, name
) == 0 )
916 return busTypeTable
[ x
].type
;
918 return UNKNOWN_BUSTYPE
;
930 /* read it into local memory */
931 readEntry( &entry
, sizeof( entry
) );
936 printf( "\t\t%2d", entry
.busID
);
937 printf( "\t " ); pnstr( entry
.busType
, 6 ); printf( "\n" );
939 for ( x
= 0; x
< 6; ++x
) {
940 if ( (c
= entry
.busType
[ x
]) == ' ' )
945 busses
[ entry
.busID
] = lookupBusType( name
);
954 /* read it into local memory */
955 readEntry( &entry
, sizeof( entry
) );
960 printf( "\t\t%2d", entry
.apicID
);
961 printf( "\t 0x%02x", entry
.apicVersion
);
963 (entry
.apicFlags
& IOAPICENTRY_FLAG_EN
) ? "usable" : "unusable" );
964 printf( "\t\t 0x%x\n", entry
.apicAddress
);
966 apics
[ entry
.apicID
] = entry
.apicID
;
971 "INT", "NMI", "SMI", "ExtINT"
974 char* polarityMode
[] = {
975 "conforms", "active-hi", "reserved", "active-lo"
977 char* triggerMode
[] = {
978 "conforms", "edge", "reserved", "level"
986 /* read it into local memory */
987 readEntry( &entry
, sizeof( entry
) );
990 if ( (int)entry
.type
== 3 )
993 printf( "\t\t%s", intTypes
[ (int)entry
.intType
] );
995 printf( "\t%9s", polarityMode
[ (int)entry
.intFlags
& 0x03 ] );
996 printf( "%12s", triggerMode
[ ((int)entry
.intFlags
>> 2) & 0x03 ] );
998 printf( "\t %5d", (int)entry
.srcBusID
);
999 if ( busses
[ (int)entry
.srcBusID
] == PCI
)
1001 ((int)entry
.srcBusIRQ
>> 2) & 0x1f,
1002 ((int)entry
.srcBusIRQ
& 0x03) + 'A' );
1004 printf( "\t %3d", (int)entry
.srcBusIRQ
);
1005 printf( "\t %6d", (int)entry
.dstApicID
);
1006 printf( "\t %3d\n", (int)entry
.dstApicINT
);
1015 /* read it into local memory */
1016 readEntry( &entry
, sizeof( entry
) );
1018 printf( "--\n%s\n", extendedtableEntryTypes
[entry
.type
- 128].name
);
1019 printf( " bus ID: %d", entry
.busID
);
1020 printf( " address type: " );
1021 switch ( entry
.addressType
) {
1023 printf( "I/O address\n" );
1026 printf( "memory address\n" );
1029 printf( "prefetch address\n" );
1032 printf( "UNKNOWN type\n" );
1036 printf( " address base: 0x%qx\n", entry
.addressBase
);
1037 printf( " address range: 0x%qx\n", entry
.addressLength
);
1046 /* read it into local memory */
1047 readEntry( &entry
, sizeof( entry
) );
1049 printf( "--\n%s\n", extendedtableEntryTypes
[entry
.type
- 128].name
);
1050 printf( " bus ID: %d", entry
.busID
);
1051 printf( " bus info: 0x%02x", entry
.busInfo
);
1052 printf( " parent bus ID: %d\n", entry
.busParent
);
1061 /* read it into local memory */
1062 readEntry( &entry
, sizeof( entry
) );
1064 printf( "--\n%s\n", extendedtableEntryTypes
[entry
.type
- 128].name
);
1065 printf( " bus ID: %d", entry
.busID
);
1066 printf( " address modifier: %s\n", (entry
.addressMod
& 0x01) ?
1067 "subtract" : "add" );
1068 printf( " predefined range: 0x%08x\n", entry
.predefinedRange
);
1080 printf( "dmesg output:\n\n" );
1090 pnstr( char* s
, int c
)
1092 char string
[ MAXPNSTR
+ 1 ];
1096 strncpy( string
, s
, c
);
1098 printf( "%s", string
);