2 .\" Copyright (c) 1998, 1999 Kenneth D. Merry.
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28 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man9/devstat.9,v 1.10.2.5 2001/12/17 11:30:18 ru Exp $
35 .Nm devstat_add_entry ,
36 .Nm devstat_end_transaction ,
37 .Nm devstat_end_transaction_buf ,
38 .Nm devstat_remove_entry ,
39 .Nm devstat_start_transaction
40 .Nd kernel interface for keeping device statistics
45 .Fa "struct devstat *ds"
46 .Fa "const char *dev_name"
48 .Fa "u_int32_t block_size"
49 .Fa "devstat_support_flags flags"
50 .Fa "devstat_type_flags device_type"
51 .Fa "devstat_priority priority"
54 .Fn devstat_remove_entry "struct devstat *ds"
56 .Fn devstat_start_transaction "struct devstat *ds"
58 .Fo devstat_end_transaction
59 .Fa "struct devstat *ds"
61 .Fa "devstat_tag_type tag_type"
62 .Fa "devstat_trans_flags flags"
65 .Fo devstat_end_transaction_buf
66 .Fa "struct devstat *ds"
70 The devstat subsystem is an interface for recording device
71 statistics, as its name implies. The idea is to keep reasonably detailed
72 statistics while utilizing a minimum amount of CPU time to record them.
73 Thus, no statistical calculations are actually performed in the kernel
76 code. Instead, that is left for user programs to handle.
79 registers a device with the
81 subsystem. The caller is expected to have already allocated \fBand zeroed\fR
82 the devstat structure before calling this function.
84 takes several arguments:
85 .Bl -tag -width device_type
89 structure, allocated and zeroed by the client.
91 The device name. e.g. da, cd, sa.
95 Block size of the device, if supported. If the device does not support a
96 block size, or if the blocksize is unknown at the time the device is added
99 list, it should be set to 0.
101 Flags indicating operations supported or not supported by the device. See
104 The device type. This is broken into three sections: base device type
105 (e.g. direct access, CDROM, sequential access), interface type (IDE, SCSI
106 or other) and a passthrough flag to indicate passthrough devices. See below
107 for a complete list of types.
109 The device priority. The priority is used to determine how devices are
112 list of devices. Devices are sorted first by priority (highest to lowest),
113 and then by attach order. See below for a complete list of available
117 .Fn devstat_remove_entry
118 removes a device from the
120 subsystem. It takes the devstat structure for the device in question as
123 generation number is incremented and the number of devices is decremented.
125 .Fn devstat_start_transaction
126 registers the start of a transaction with the
128 subsystem. The busy count is incremented with each transaction start.
129 When a device goes from idle to busy, the system uptime is recorded in the
135 .Fn devstat_end_transaction
136 registers the end of a transaction with the
138 subsystem. It takes four arguments:
139 .Bl -tag -width tag_type
143 structure for the device in question.
145 The number of bytes transferred in this transaction.
147 Transaction tag type. See below for tag types.
149 Transaction flags indicating whether the transaction was a read, write, or
150 whether no data was transferred.
153 .Fn devstat_end_transaction_buf
155 .Fn devstat_end_transaction
156 which pulls all the information from a
163 structure is composed of the following fields:
164 .Bl -tag -width dev_creation_time
168 structure is placed in a linked list when it is registered. The
170 field contains a pointer to the next entry in the list of
174 The device number is a unique identifier for each device. The device
175 number is incremented for each new device that is registered. The device
176 number is currently only a 32-bit integer, but it could be enlarged if
177 someone has a system with more than four billion device arrival events.
179 The device name is a text string given by the registering driver to
180 identify itself. (e.g.\&
186 The unit number identifies the particular instance of the peripheral driver
189 This is the number of bytes that have been written to the device. This
190 number is currently an unsigned 64 bit integer. This will hopefully
191 eliminate the counter wrap that would come very quickly on some systems if
192 32 bit integers were used.
194 This is the number of bytes that have been read from the device.
196 This is the number of bytes that have been freed/erased on the device.
198 This is the number of reads from the device.
200 This is the number of writes to the device.
202 This is the number of free/erase operations on the device.
204 This is the number of transactions to the device which are neither reads or
205 writes. For instance,
207 drivers often send a test unit ready command to
209 devices. The test unit ready command does not read or write any data. It
210 merely causes the device to return its status.
212 This is the current number of outstanding transactions for the device.
213 This should never go below zero, and on an idle device it should be zero.
214 If either one of these conditions is not true, it indicates a problem in
216 .Fn devstat_start_transaction
218 .Fn devstat_end_transaction
219 are being called in client code. There should be one and only one
220 transaction start event and one transaction end event for each transaction.
222 This is the block size of the device, if the device has a block size.
224 This is an array of counters to record the number of various tag types that
225 are sent to a device. See below for a list of tag types.
226 .It dev_creation_time
227 This is the time, as reported by
229 that the device was registered.
231 This is the amount of time that the device busy count has been greater than
232 zero. This is only updated when the busy count returns to zero.
234 This is the time, as reported by
236 that the device busy count went from zero to one.
238 This is the time as reported by
240 that a transaction last completed. It is used along with
242 to calculate the device busy time.
244 These flags indicate which statistics measurements are supported by a
245 particular device. These flags are primarily intended to serve as an aid
246 to userland programs that decipher the statistics.
248 This is the device type. It consists of three parts: the device type
249 (e.g. direct access, CDROM, sequential access, etc.), the interface (IDE,
250 SCSI or other) and whether or not the device in question is a passthrough
251 driver. See below for a complete list of device types.
253 This is the priority. This is the first parameter used to determine where
254 to insert a device in the
256 list. The second parameter is attach order. See below for a list of
257 available priorities.
260 Each device is given a device type. Passthrough devices have the same
261 underlying device type and interface as the device they provide an
262 interface for, but they also have the passthrough flag set. The base
263 device types are identical to the
265 device type numbers, so with
267 peripherals, the device type returned from an inquiry is usually ORed with
270 interface type and the passthrough flag if appropriate. The device type
271 flags are as follows:
272 .Bd -literal -offset indent
274 DEVSTAT_TYPE_DIRECT = 0x000,
275 DEVSTAT_TYPE_SEQUENTIAL = 0x001,
276 DEVSTAT_TYPE_PRINTER = 0x002,
277 DEVSTAT_TYPE_PROCESSOR = 0x003,
278 DEVSTAT_TYPE_WORM = 0x004,
279 DEVSTAT_TYPE_CDROM = 0x005,
280 DEVSTAT_TYPE_SCANNER = 0x006,
281 DEVSTAT_TYPE_OPTICAL = 0x007,
282 DEVSTAT_TYPE_CHANGER = 0x008,
283 DEVSTAT_TYPE_COMM = 0x009,
284 DEVSTAT_TYPE_ASC0 = 0x00a,
285 DEVSTAT_TYPE_ASC1 = 0x00b,
286 DEVSTAT_TYPE_STORARRAY = 0x00c,
287 DEVSTAT_TYPE_ENCLOSURE = 0x00d,
288 DEVSTAT_TYPE_FLOPPY = 0x00e,
289 DEVSTAT_TYPE_MASK = 0x00f,
290 DEVSTAT_TYPE_IF_SCSI = 0x010,
291 DEVSTAT_TYPE_IF_IDE = 0x020,
292 DEVSTAT_TYPE_IF_OTHER = 0x030,
293 DEVSTAT_TYPE_IF_MASK = 0x0f0,
294 DEVSTAT_TYPE_PASS = 0x100
295 } devstat_type_flags;
298 Devices have a priority associated with them, which controls roughly where
299 they are placed in the
301 list. The priorities are as follows:
302 .Bd -literal -offset indent
304 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_MIN = 0x000,
305 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_OTHER = 0x020,
306 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_PASS = 0x030,
307 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_FD = 0x040,
308 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_WFD = 0x050,
309 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_TAPE = 0x060,
310 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_CD = 0x090,
311 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_DISK = 0x110,
312 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_ARRAY = 0x120,
313 DEVSTAT_PRIORITY_MAX = 0xfff
317 Each device has associated with it flags to indicate what operations are
318 supported or not supported. The
319 .Va devstat_support_flags
320 values are as follows:
321 .Bl -tag -width DEVSTAT_NO_ORDERED_TAGS
322 .It DEVSTAT_ALL_SUPPORTED
323 Every statistic type is supported by the device.
324 .It DEVSTAT_NO_BLOCKSIZE
325 This device does not have a blocksize.
326 .It DEVSTAT_NO_ORDERED_TAGS
327 This device does not support ordered tags.
328 .It DEVSTAT_BS_UNAVAILABLE
329 This device supports a blocksize, but it is currently unavailable. This
330 flag is most often used with removable media drives.
333 Transactions to a device fall into one of three categories, which are
337 .Fn devstat_end_transaction .
338 The transaction types are as follows:
339 .Bd -literal -offset indent
341 DEVSTAT_NO_DATA = 0x00,
343 DEVSTAT_WRITE = 0x02,
345 } devstat_trans_flags;
348 There are four possible values for the
351 .Fn devstat_end_transaction :
352 .Bl -tag -width DEVSTAT_TAG_ORDERED
353 .It DEVSTAT_TAG_SIMPLE
354 The transaction had a simple tag.
356 The transaction had a head of queue tag.
357 .It DEVSTAT_TAG_ORDERED
358 The transaction had an ordered tag.
360 The device doesn't support tags.
363 The tag type values correspond to the lower four bits of the
365 tag definitions. In CAM, for instance, the
367 from the CCB is ORed with 0xf to determine the tag type to pass in to
368 .Fn devstat_end_transaction .
373 .In sys/devicestat.h .
374 This is the current version of the
376 subsystem, and it should be incremented each time a change is made that
377 would require recompilation of userland programs that access
379 statistics. Userland programs use this version, via the
380 .Va kern.devstat.version
382 variable to determine whether they are in sync with the kernel
394 statistics system appeared in
397 .An Kenneth Merry Aq Mt ken@FreeBSD.org
399 There may be a need for some of the list manipulation code to be
400 inside a critical section to ensure, for example, that the list of devices
401 is not changed while someone is fetching the
406 It is impossible with the current
408 architecture to accurately measure time per transaction. The only feasible
409 way to accurately measure time per transaction would be to record a
410 timestamp for every transaction. This measurement is probably not
411 worthwhile for most people as it would adversely affect the performance of
412 the system and cost space to store the timestamps for individual