bin/ps/ps.c

   1 /*-
   2  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   7  * are met:
   8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
  14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
  15  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
  16  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
  17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  19  *    without specific prior written permission.
  20  *
  21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  32  *
  33  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  34  * @(#)ps.c     8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
  35  * $FreeBSD: src/bin/ps/ps.c,v 1.30.2.6 2002/07/04 08:30:37 sobomax Exp $
  36  * $DragonFly: src/bin/ps/ps.c,v 1.25 2008/01/10 14:18:39 matthias Exp $
  37  */
  38
  39 #include <sys/param.h>
  40 #include <sys/user.h>
  41 #include <sys/time.h>
  42 #include <sys/queue.h>
  43 #include <sys/resource.h>
  44 #include <sys/stat.h>
  45 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  46 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  47 #include <sys/mount.h>
  48
  49 #include <ctype.h>
  50 #include <err.h>
  51 #include <errno.h>
  52 #include <fcntl.h>
  53 #include <kvm.h>
  54 #include <limits.h>
  55 #include <locale.h>
  56 #include <nlist.h>
  57 #include <paths.h>
  58 #include <stdio.h>
  59 #include <stdlib.h>
  60 #include <string.h>
  61 #include <unistd.h>
  62 #include <pwd.h>
  63 #include <utmp.h>
  64
  65 #include "ps.h"
  66
  67 #define SEP ", \t"              /* username separators */
  68
  69 KINFO *kinfo;
  70 struct varent *vhead, *vtail;
  71
  72 int     eval;                   /* exit value */
  73 int     cflag;                  /* -c */
  74 int     rawcpu;                 /* -C */
  75 int     sumrusage;              /* -S */
  76 int     termwidth;              /* width of screen (0 == infinity) */
  77 int     totwidth;               /* calculated width of requested variables */
  78 int     numcpus;                /* hw.ncpu */
  79
  80 static int needuser, needcomm, needenv;
  81 #if defined(LAZY_PS)
  82 static int forceuread=0;
  83 #define PS_ARGS "aCcefgHhjLlM:mN:O:o:p:rSTt:U:uvwx"
  84 #else
  85 static int forceuread=1;
  86 #define PS_ARGS "aCcegHhjLlM:mN:O:o:p:rSTt:U:uvwx"
  87 #endif
  88
  89 enum sort { DEFAULT, SORTMEM, SORTCPU } sortby = DEFAULT;
  90
  91 static const char *getfmt (char **(*)(kvm_t *, const struct kinfo_proc *, int),
  92                     KINFO *, char *, int);
  93 static char     *kludge_oldps_options (char *);
  94 static int       pscomp (const void *, const void *);
  95 static void      saveuser (KINFO *);
  96 static void      scanvars (void);
  97 static void      dynsizevars (KINFO *);
  98 static void      sizevars (void);
  99 static int       check_procfs(void);
 100 static void      usage (void);
 101 static uid_t    *getuids(const char *, int *);
 102
 103 struct timeval btime;
 104
 105 static char dfmt[] = "pid tt state time command";
 106 static char jfmt[] = "user pid ppid pgid sess jobc state tt time command";
 107 static char lfmt[] = "uid pid ppid cpu pri nice vsz rss wchan state tt time command";
 108 static char   o1[] = "pid";
 109 static char   o2[] = "tt state time command";
 110 static char ufmt[] = "user pid %cpu %mem vsz rss tt state start time command";
 111 static char vfmt[] = "pid state time sl re pagein vsz rss lim tsiz %cpu %mem command";
 112
 113 kvm_t *kd;
 114
 115 int
 116 main(int argc, char **argv)
 117 {
 118         struct kinfo_proc *kp;
 119         struct varent *vent;
 120         struct winsize ws;
 121         dev_t ttydev;
 122         pid_t pid;
 123         uid_t *uids;
 124         int all, ch, flag, i, fmt, ofmt, lineno, nentries, nocludge, dropgid;
 125         int prtheader, wflag, what, xflg, uid, nuids, showtid;
 126         char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
 127         const char *cp, *nlistf, *memf;
 128         size_t btime_size = sizeof(struct timeval);
 129         size_t numcpus_size = sizeof(numcpus);
 130
 131         setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
 132
 133         if ((ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
 134              ioctl(STDERR_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
 135              ioctl(STDIN_FILENO,  TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1) ||
 136              ws.ws_col == 0)
 137                 termwidth = 79;
 138         else
 139                 termwidth = ws.ws_col - 1;
 140
 141         /*
 142          * Don't apply a kludge if the first argument is an option taking an
 143          * argument
 144          */
 145         if (argc > 1) {
 146                 nocludge = 0;
 147                 if (argv[1][0] == '-') {
 148                         for (cp = PS_ARGS; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
 149                                 if (*cp != ':')
 150                                         continue;
 151                                 if (*(cp - 1) == argv[1][1]) {
 152                                         nocludge = 1;
 153                                         break;
 154                                 }
 155                         }
 156                 }
 157                 if (nocludge == 0)
 158                         argv[1] = kludge_oldps_options(argv[1]);
 159         }
 160
 161         all = fmt = ofmt = prtheader = wflag = xflg = showtid = 0;
 162         pid = -1;
 163         nuids = 0;
 164         uids = NULL;
 165         ttydev = NODEV;
 166         dropgid = 0;
 167         memf = nlistf = _PATH_DEVNULL;
 168         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PS_ARGS)) != -1)
 169                 switch((char)ch) {
 170                 case 'a':
 171                         all = 1;
 172                         break;
 173                 case 'C':
 174                         rawcpu = 1;
 175                         break;
 176                 case 'c':
 177                         cflag = 1;
 178                         break;
 179                 case 'e':                       /* XXX set ufmt */
 180                         needenv = 1;
 181                         break;
 182                 case 'g':
 183                         break;                  /* no-op */
 184                 case 'H':
 185                         showtid = KERN_PROC_FLAG_LWP;
 186                         break;
 187                 case 'h':
 188                         prtheader = ws.ws_row > 5 ? ws.ws_row : 22;
 189                         break;
 190                 case 'j':
 191                         parsefmt(jfmt);
 192                         fmt = 1;
 193                         jfmt[0] = '\0';
 194                         break;
 195                 case 'L':
 196                         showkey();
 197                         exit(0);
 198                 case 'l':
 199                         parsefmt(lfmt);
 200                         fmt = 1;
 201                         lfmt[0] = '\0';
 202                         break;
 203                 case 'M':
 204                         memf = optarg;
 205                         dropgid = 1;
 206                         break;
 207                 case 'm':
 208                         sortby = SORTMEM;
 209                         break;
 210                 case 'N':
 211                         nlistf = optarg;
 212                         dropgid = 1;
 213                         break;
 214                 case 'O':
 215                         parsefmt(o1);
 216                         parsefmt(optarg);
 217                         parsefmt(o2);
 218                         o1[0] = o2[0] = '\0';
 219                         fmt = 1;
 220                         break;
 221                 case 'o':
 222                         parsefmt(optarg);
 223                         fmt = ofmt = 1;
 224                         break;
 225 #if defined(LAZY_PS)
 226                 case 'f':
 227                         if (getuid() == 0 || getgid() == 0)
 228                             forceuread = 1;
 229                         break;
 230 #endif
 231                 case 'p':
 232                         pid = atol(optarg);
 233                         xflg = 1;
 234                         break;
 235                 case 'r':
 236                         sortby = SORTCPU;
 237                         break;
 238                 case 'S':
 239                         sumrusage = 1;
 240                         break;
 241                 case 'T':
 242                         if ((optarg = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO)) == NULL)
 243                                 errx(1, "stdin: not a terminal");
 244                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 245                 case 't': {
 246                         struct stat sb;
 247                         char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
 248                         const char *ttypath;
 249
 250                         if (strcmp(optarg, "co") == 0)
 251                                 ttypath = _PATH_CONSOLE;
 252                         else if (*optarg != '/') {
 253                                 snprintf(pathbuf,
 254                                     sizeof(pathbuf), "%s%s", _PATH_TTY, optarg);
 255                                 ttypath = pathbuf;
 256                         } else
 257                                 ttypath = optarg;
 258                         if (stat(ttypath, &sb) == -1)
 259                                 err(1, "%s", ttypath);
 260                         if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
 261                                 errx(1, "%s: not a terminal", ttypath);
 262                         ttydev = sb.st_rdev;
 263                         break;
 264                 }
 265                 case 'U':
 266                         uids = getuids(optarg, &nuids);
 267                         xflg++;         /* XXX: intuitive? */
 268                         break;
 269                 case 'u':
 270                         parsefmt(ufmt);
 271                         sortby = SORTCPU;
 272                         fmt = 1;
 273                         ufmt[0] = '\0';
 274                         break;
 275                 case 'v':
 276                         parsefmt(vfmt);
 277                         sortby = SORTMEM;
 278                         fmt = 1;
 279                         vfmt[0] = '\0';
 280                         break;
 281                 case 'w':
 282                         if (wflag)
 283                                 termwidth = UNLIMITED;
 284                         else if (termwidth < 131)
 285                                 termwidth = 131;
 286                         wflag++;
 287                         break;
 288                 case 'x':
 289                         xflg = 1;
 290                         break;
 291                 case '?':
 292                 default:
 293                         usage();
 294                 }
 295         argc -= optind;
 296         argv += optind;
 297
 298         /*
 299          * If the user specified ps -e then they want a copy of the process
 300          * environment kvm_getenvv(3) attempts to open /proc/<pid>/mem.
 301          * Check to make sure that procfs is mounted on /proc, otherwise
 302          * print a warning informing the user that output will be incomplete.
 303          */
 304         if (needenv == 1 && check_procfs() == 0)
 305                 warnx("Process environment requires procfs(5)");
 306
 307 #define BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
 308 #ifdef  BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
 309         if (*argv) {
 310                 nlistf = *argv;
 311                 if (*++argv) {
 312                         memf = *argv;
 313                 }
 314         }
 315 #endif
 316         /*
 317          * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
 318          * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
 319          */
 320         if (dropgid) {
 321                 setgid(getgid());
 322                 setuid(getuid());
 323         }
 324
 325         kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
 326         if (kd == 0)
 327                 errx(1, "%s", errbuf);
 328
 329         if (!fmt)
 330                 parsefmt(dfmt);
 331
 332         /*
 333          * Add TID to output format if requested unless user-specific format
 334          * selected.
 335          */
 336         if (showtid && !ofmt)
 337                 insert_tid_in_fmt();
 338
 339         /* XXX - should be cleaner */
 340         if (!all && ttydev == NODEV && pid == -1 && !nuids) {
 341                 if ((uids = malloc(sizeof (*uids))) == NULL)
 342                         errx(1, "malloc: %s", strerror(errno));
 343                 nuids = 1;
 344                 *uids = getuid();
 345         }
 346
 347         /*
 348          * scan requested variables, noting what structures are needed,
 349          * and adjusting header widths as appropriate.
 350          */
 351         scanvars();
 352
 353         /*
 354          * Get boot time
 355          */
 356         if (sysctlbyname("kern.boottime", &btime, &btime_size, NULL, 0) < 0) {
 357                 perror("sysctl: kern.boottime");
 358                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 359         }
 360
 361         /*
 362          * Get number of cpus
 363          */
 364         if (sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &numcpus, &numcpus_size, NULL, 0) < 0)
 365                 numcpus = 1;
 366
 367         /*
 368          * get proc list
 369          */
 370         if (nuids == 1) {
 371                 what = KERN_PROC_UID;
 372                 flag = *uids;
 373         } else if (ttydev != NODEV) {
 374                 what = KERN_PROC_TTY;
 375                 flag = ttydev;
 376         } else if (pid != -1) {
 377                 what = KERN_PROC_PID;
 378                 flag = pid;
 379         } else {
 380                 what = KERN_PROC_ALL;
 381                 flag = 0;
 382         }
 383         what |= showtid;
 384
 385         /*
 386          * select procs
 387          */
 388         if ((kp = kvm_getprocs(kd, what, flag, &nentries)) == NULL)
 389                 errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
 390         if ((kinfo = malloc(nentries * sizeof(*kinfo))) == NULL)
 391                 err(1, NULL);
 392         for (i = nentries; --i >= 0; ++kp) {
 393                 kinfo[i].ki_proc = kp;
 394                 if (needuser)
 395                         saveuser(&kinfo[i]);
 396                 dynsizevars(&kinfo[i]);
 397         }
 398
 399         sizevars();
 400
 401         /*
 402          * print header
 403          */
 404         printheader();
 405         if (nentries == 0)
 406                 exit(1);
 407         /*
 408          * sort proc list
 409          */
 410         qsort(kinfo, nentries, sizeof(KINFO), pscomp);
 411         /*
 412          * for each proc, call each variable output function.
 413          */
 414         for (i = lineno = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
 415                 if (xflg == 0 && (KI_PROC(&kinfo[i], tdev) == NODEV ||
 416                     (KI_PROC(&kinfo[i], flags) & P_CONTROLT ) == 0))
 417                         continue;
 418                 if (nuids > 1) {
 419                         for (uid = 0; uid < nuids; uid++)
 420                                 if (KI_PROC(&kinfo[i], uid) ==
 421                                     uids[uid])
 422                                         break;
 423                         if (uid == nuids)
 424                                 continue;
 425                 }
 426                 STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
 427                         (vent->var->oproc)(&kinfo[i], vent);
 428                         if (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, link) != NULL)
 429                                 putchar(' ');
 430                 }
 431                 putchar('\n');
 432                 if (prtheader && lineno++ == prtheader - 4) {
 433                         putchar('\n');
 434                         printheader();
 435                         lineno = 0;
 436                 }
 437         }
 438         free(uids);
 439
 440         exit(eval);
 441 }
 442
 443 uid_t *
 444 getuids(const char *arg, int *nuids)
 445 {
 446         char name[UT_NAMESIZE + 1];
 447         struct passwd *pwd;
 448         uid_t *uids, *moreuids;
 449         size_t l;
 450         int alloc;
 451
 452
 453         alloc = 0;
 454         *nuids = 0;
 455         uids = NULL;
 456         for (; (l = strcspn(arg, SEP)) > 0; arg += l + strspn(arg + l, SEP)) {
 457                 if (l >= sizeof name) {
 458                         warnx("%.*s: name too long", (int)l, arg);
 459                         continue;
 460                 }
 461                 strncpy(name, arg, l);
 462                 name[l] = '\0';
 463                 if ((pwd = getpwnam(name)) == NULL) {
 464                         warnx("%s: no such user", name);
 465                         continue;
 466                 }
 467                 if (*nuids >= alloc) {
 468                         alloc = (alloc + 1) << 1;
 469                         moreuids = realloc(uids, alloc * sizeof (*uids));
 470                         if (moreuids == NULL) {
 471                                 free(uids);
 472                                 errx(1, "realloc: %s", strerror(errno));
 473                         }
 474                         uids = moreuids;
 475                 }
 476                 uids[(*nuids)++] = pwd->pw_uid;
 477         }
 478         endpwent();
 479
 480         if (!*nuids)
 481                 errx(1, "No users specified");
 482
 483         return uids;
 484 }
 485
 486 static void
 487 scanvars(void)
 488 {
 489         struct varent *vent;
 490         const VAR *v;
 491
 492         STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
 493                 v = vent->var;
 494                 if (v->flag & DSIZ) {
 495                         vent->dwidth = vent->width;
 496                         vent->width = 0;
 497                 }
 498                 if (v->flag & USER)
 499                         needuser = 1;
 500                 if (v->flag & COMM)
 501                         needcomm = 1;
 502         }
 503 }
 504
 505 static void
 506 dynsizevars(KINFO *ki)
 507 {
 508         struct varent *vent;
 509         const VAR *v;
 510         int i;
 511
 512         STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
 513                 v = vent->var;
 514                 if (!(v->flag & DSIZ))
 515                         continue;
 516                 i = (v->sproc)( ki);
 517                 if (vent->width < i)
 518                         vent->width = i;
 519                 if (vent->width > vent->dwidth)
 520                         vent->width = vent->dwidth;
 521         }
 522 }
 523
 524 static void
 525 sizevars(void)
 526 {
 527         struct varent *vent;
 528         const VAR *v;
 529         int i;
 530
 531         STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &var_head, link) {
 532                 v = vent->var;
 533                 i = strlen(vent->header);
 534                 if (vent->width < i)
 535                         vent->width = i;
 536                 totwidth += vent->width + 1;    /* +1 for space */
 537         }
 538         totwidth--;
 539 }
 540
 541 static const char *
 542 getfmt(char **(*fn) (kvm_t *, const struct kinfo_proc *, int), KINFO *ki, char
 543     *comm, int maxlen)
 544 {
 545         const char *s;
 546
 547         if ((s =
 548             fmt_argv((*fn)(kd, ki->ki_proc, termwidth), comm, maxlen)) == NULL)
 549                 err(1, NULL);
 550         return (s);
 551 }
 552
 553 static void
 554 saveuser(KINFO *ki)
 555 {
 556         /*
 557          * save arguments if needed
 558          */
 559         if (needcomm) {
 560                 ki->ki_args = getfmt(kvm_getargv, ki, KI_PROC(ki, comm),
 561                     MAXCOMLEN);
 562         } else {
 563                 ki->ki_args = NULL;
 564         }
 565         if (needenv) {
 566                 ki->ki_env = getfmt(kvm_getenvv, ki, NULL, 0);
 567         } else {
 568                 ki->ki_env = NULL;
 569         }
 570 }
 571
 572 static int
 573 pscomp(const void *a, const void *b)
 574 {
 575         int i;
 576 #define VSIZE(k) (KI_PROC(k, vm_dsize) + KI_PROC(k, vm_ssize) + \
 577                   KI_PROC(k, vm_tsize))
 578
 579 #if 0
 580         if (sortby == SORTIAC)
 581                 return (KI_PROC((const KINFO *)a)->p_usdata.bsd4.interactive - KI_PROC((const KINFO *)b)->p_usdata.bsd4.interactive);
 582 #endif
 583         if (sortby == SORTCPU)
 584                 return (getpcpu((const KINFO *)b) - getpcpu((const KINFO *)a));
 585         if (sortby == SORTMEM)
 586                 return (VSIZE((const KINFO *)b) - VSIZE((const KINFO *)a));
 587         i =  KI_PROC((const KINFO *)a, tdev) - KI_PROC((const KINFO *)b, tdev);
 588         if (i == 0)
 589                 i = KI_PROC((const KINFO *)a, pid) - KI_PROC((const KINFO *)b, pid);
 590         return (i);
 591 }
 592
 593 /*
 594  * ICK (all for getopt), would rather hide the ugliness
 595  * here than taint the main code.
 596  *
 597  *  ps foo -> ps -foo
 598  *  ps 34 -> ps -p34
 599  *
 600  * The old convention that 't' with no trailing tty arg means the users
 601  * tty, is only supported if argv[1] doesn't begin with a '-'.  This same
 602  * feature is available with the option 'T', which takes no argument.
 603  */
 604 static char *
 605 kludge_oldps_options(char *s)
 606 {
 607         size_t len;
 608         char *newopts, *ns, *cp;
 609
 610         len = strlen(s);
 611         if ((newopts = ns = malloc(len + 2)) == NULL)
 612                 err(1, NULL);
 613         /*
 614          * options begin with '-'
 615          */
 616         if (*s != '-')
 617                 *ns++ = '-';    /* add option flag */
 618         /*
 619          * gaze to end of argv[1]
 620          */
 621         cp = s + len - 1;
 622         /*
 623          * if last letter is a 't' flag with no argument (in the context
 624          * of the oldps options -- option string NOT starting with a '-' --
 625          * then convert to 'T' (meaning *this* terminal, i.e. ttyname(0)).
 626          *
 627          * However, if a flag accepting a string argument is found in the
 628          * option string, the remainder of the string is the argument to
 629          * that flag; do not modify that argument.
 630          */
 631         if (strcspn(s, "MNOoU") == len && *cp == 't' && *s != '-')
 632                 *cp = 'T';
 633         else {
 634                 /*
 635                  * otherwise check for trailing number, which *may* be a
 636                  * pid.
 637                  */
 638                 while (cp >= s && isdigit(*cp))
 639                         --cp;
 640         }
 641         cp++;
 642         memmove(ns, s, (size_t)(cp - s));       /* copy up to trailing number */
 643         ns += cp - s;
 644         /*
 645          * if there's a trailing number, and not a preceding 'p' (pid) or
 646          * 't' (tty) flag, then assume it's a pid and insert a 'p' flag.
 647          */
 648         if (isdigit(*cp) &&
 649             (cp == s || (cp[-1] != 't' && cp[-1] != 'p')) &&
 650             (cp - 1 == s || cp[-2] != 't'))
 651                 *ns++ = 'p';
 652         strcpy(ns, cp);         /* and append the number */
 653
 654         return (newopts);
 655 }
 656
 657 static int
 658 check_procfs(void)
 659 {
 660         struct statfs mnt;
 661
 662         if (statfs("/proc", &mnt) < 0)
 663                 return (0);
 664         if (strcmp(mnt.f_fstypename, "procfs") != 0)
 665                 return (0);
 666         return (1);
 667 }
 668
 669 static void
 670 usage(void)
 671 {
 672
 673         fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n",
 674             "usage: ps [-aChHjlmrSTuvwx] [-O|o fmt] [-p pid] [-t tty] [-U user]",
 675             "          [-M core] [-N system]",
 676             "       ps [-L]");
 677         exit(1);
 678 }