| blob | 434110ccd78c2c99dbfb2b47b7386b2a9e58ba57 |
1 # @(#)africa 8.10
2 # <pre>
4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
9 #
10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
13 #
14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
19 #
20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29 #
30 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
31 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
32 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
33 # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
34 # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
35 # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
36 # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
37 # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
38 #
39 # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
40 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
41 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
42 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
43 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
44 #
45 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
46 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
47 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
48 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
49 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
50 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
51 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
52 # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
53 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
54 # until we get more information.
55 #
56 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
57 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
58 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
59 # 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
60 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
61 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
62 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
63 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65 # Algeria
66 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
67 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
68 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
69 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
70 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
72 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
74 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
76 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
78 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
79 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
80 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
82 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
83 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
84 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
85 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
86 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
87 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
88 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
89 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
90 # more precise 0:09:21.
91 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
92 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
93 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
94 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
95 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
96 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
97 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
99 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
100 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
101 1:00 - CET
103 # Angola
104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
105 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
106 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
107 1:00 - WAT
109 # Benin
110 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
111 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
113 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
114 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
115 1:00 - WAT
117 # Botswana
118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
119 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
120 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
121 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
122 2:00 - CAT
124 # Burkina Faso
125 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
126 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
127 0:00 - GMT
129 # Burundi
130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
131 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
132 2:00 - CAT
134 # Cameroon
135 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
137 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
138 1:00 - WAT
140 # Cape Verde
141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
143 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
144 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
145 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
146 -1:00 - CVT
148 # Central African Republic
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
151 1:00 - WAT
153 # Chad
154 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
155 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
156 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
157 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
158 1:00 - WAT
160 # Comoros
161 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
162 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
163 3:00 - EAT
165 # Democratic Republic of Congo
166 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
167 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
168 1:00 - WAT
169 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
170 2:00 - CAT
172 # Republic of the Congo
173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
174 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
175 1:00 - WAT
177 # Cote D'Ivoire
178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
179 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
180 0:00 - GMT
182 # Djibouti
183 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
184 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
185 3:00 - EAT
187 ###############################################################################
189 # Egypt
191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
192 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
193 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
194 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
195 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
196 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
197 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
198 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
199 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
200 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
201 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
202 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
203 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
204 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
205 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
206 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
207 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
208 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
209 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
210 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
211 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
212 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
213 Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
214 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
215 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
216 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
217 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
218 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
219 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
220 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
221 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
222 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
223 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
224 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
225 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
226 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
227 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
228 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
229 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
230 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
231 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
232 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
233 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
234 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
235 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
236 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
237 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
238 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
239 Rule Egypt 2008 max - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
241 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
242 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
243 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
245 # Equatorial Guinea
246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
247 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
248 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
249 1:00 - WAT
251 # Eritrea
252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
253 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
254 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
255 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
256 3:00 - EAT
258 # Ethiopia
259 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
260 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
261 # between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
262 # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
263 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
264 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
265 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
266 3:00 - EAT
268 # Gabon
269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
270 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
271 1:00 - WAT
273 # Gambia
274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
275 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
276 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
277 -1:00 - WAT 1964
278 0:00 - GMT
280 # Ghana
281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
282 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
283 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
284 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
285 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
287 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
288 0:00 Ghana %s
290 # Guinea
291 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
292 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
293 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
294 -1:00 - WAT 1960
295 0:00 - GMT
297 # Guinea-Bissau
298 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
299 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
300 -1:00 - WAT 1975
301 0:00 - GMT
303 # Kenya
304 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
305 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
306 3:00 - EAT 1930
307 2:30 - BEAT 1940
308 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960
309 3:00 - EAT
311 # Lesotho
312 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
313 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
314 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
315 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
316 2:00 - SAST
318 # Liberia
319 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
320 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
321 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
322 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
323 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
324 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
325 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
326 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
327 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
328 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
329 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
330 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
331 0:00 - GMT
333 ###############################################################################
335 # Libya
337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
338 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
339 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
340 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
341 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
342 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
343 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
344 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
345 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
346 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
347 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
348 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
349 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
350 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
351 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
352 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
353 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
354 2:00 - EET 1982
355 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
356 # The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
357 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
358 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
359 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4
360 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4
361 2:00 - EET
363 # Madagascar
364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
365 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
366 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
367 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
368 3:00 - EAT
370 # Malawi
371 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
373 2:00 - CAT
375 # Mali
376 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
377 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
378 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
379 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
380 0:00 - GMT
382 # Mauritania
383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
385 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
386 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
387 0:00 - GMT
389 # Mauritius
390 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
391 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
392 4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time
393 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
394 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
396 # Mayotte
397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
398 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
399 3:00 - EAT
401 # Morocco
402 # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
403 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
404 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
405 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
406 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
407 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
408 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
409 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
410 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
411 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
412 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
413 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
414 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
415 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
416 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
417 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
418 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
420 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
421 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
422 1:00 - CET 1986
423 0:00 - WET
424 # Western Sahara
425 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
426 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
427 0:00 - WET
429 # Mozambique
430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
431 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
432 2:00 - CAT
434 # Namibia
435 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
436 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
438 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
439 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
440 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
441 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
442 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
443 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
444 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
445 # of the country.
446 #
447 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
448 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
449 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
451 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
452 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
453 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
454 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
455 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
456 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
457 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
458 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
459 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
460 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
461 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
463 # Niger
464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
465 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
466 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
467 0:00 - GMT 1960
468 1:00 - WAT
470 # Nigeria
471 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
472 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
473 1:00 - WAT
475 # Reunion
476 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
477 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
478 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
479 #
480 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
481 # The following information about them is taken from
482 # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
483 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
484 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
485 #
486 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
487 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
488 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
489 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
490 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
492 # Rwanda
493 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
494 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
495 2:00 - CAT
497 # St Helena
498 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
499 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
500 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
501 0:00 - GMT
502 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
503 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
504 # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
505 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
506 # on GMT, says the CIA
507 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
509 # Sao Tome and Principe
510 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
511 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
512 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
513 0:00 - GMT
515 # Senegal
516 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
517 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
518 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
519 0:00 - GMT
521 # Seychelles
522 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
523 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
524 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
525 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
526 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
527 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
528 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
529 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
530 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
532 # Sierra Leone
533 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
534 # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
535 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
536 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
537 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
538 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
539 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
540 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
541 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
542 -1:00 SL %s 1957
543 0:00 SL %s
545 # Somalia
546 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
547 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
548 3:00 - EAT 1931
549 2:30 - BEAT 1957
550 3:00 - EAT
552 # South Africa
553 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
554 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
555 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
556 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
557 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
558 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
559 2:00 SA SAST
560 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
561 # scientific station since 1947
562 # no information
564 # Sudan
565 #
566 # From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
567 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
568 # </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
569 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
570 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
571 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
572 #
573 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
574 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
575 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
576 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
577 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
578 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
579 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
580 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
581 3:00 - EAT
583 # Swaziland
584 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
585 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
586 2:00 - SAST
588 # Tanzania
589 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
590 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
591 3:00 - EAT 1948
592 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961
593 3:00 - EAT
595 # Togo
596 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
597 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
598 0:00 - GMT
600 # Tunisia
602 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
603 # My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
604 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
605 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
606 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
607 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
608 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
609 # Saturday." (My translation)
610 #
611 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
612 # LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
613 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
614 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
615 # 1h standard time.
616 #
617 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
618 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
619 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
620 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
621 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
623 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
624 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
625 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
626 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
627 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
628 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
629 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
630 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
631 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
632 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
633 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
634 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
635 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
636 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
637 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
638 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
639 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
640 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
641 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
642 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
643 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
644 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
645 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
646 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
647 Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
648 Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
649 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
650 # more precise 0:09:21.
651 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
652 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
653 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
654 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
655 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
657 # Uganda
658 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
659 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
660 3:00 - EAT 1930
661 2:30 - BEAT 1948
662 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957
663 3:00 - EAT
665 # Zambia
666 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
667 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
668 2:00 - CAT
670 # Zimbabwe
671 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
672 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
673 2:00 - CAT