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32 .\" @(#)termcap.5 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/16/94
34 .\" /***************************************************************************
35 .\" * COPYRIGHT NOTICE *
36 .\" ****************************************************************************
37 .\" * ncurses is copyright (C) 1992-1995 *
38 .\" * Zeyd M. Ben-Halim *
39 .\" * zmbenhal@netcom.com *
40 .\" * Eric S. Raymond *
41 .\" * esr@snark.thyrsus.com *
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50 .\" * ncurses comes AS IS with no warranty, implied or expressed. *
52 .\" ***************************************************************************/
54 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/termcap/termcap.5,v 1.12.2.6 2002/08/15 08:30:27 ru Exp $
55 .\" $DragonFly: src/share/termcap/termcap.5,v 1.5 2006/08/18 01:42:58 swildner Exp $
62 .Nd terminal capability data base
69 is a data base describing terminals,
76 Terminals are described in
78 by giving a set of capabilities that they have and by describing
79 how operations are performed.
80 Padding requirements and initialization sequences
86 consist of a number of `:'-separated fields.
87 The first entry for each terminal gives the names that are known for the
88 terminal, separated by `|' characters.
89 The first name given is the most common abbreviation for the terminal.
90 The last name given should be a long name fully identifying the terminal,
91 and all others are understood as synonyms for the terminal name.
92 All names but the last should be in lower case and contain no blanks;
93 the last name may well contain upper case characters and blanks for
96 Terminal names (except for the last, verbose entry)
97 should be chosen using the following conventions.
98 The particular piece of hardware making up the terminal
99 should have a root name chosen, thus
101 This name should not contain hyphens.
102 Modes that the hardware can be in
104 should be indicated by appending a hyphen and an indicator of the mode.
107 in 132-column mode would be
109 The following suffixes should be used where possible:
111 .Bl -column indent "With automatic margins (usually default)xx" -offset indent
112 .Sy "Suffix Meaning Example"
113 -w Wide mode (more than 80 columns) vt100-w
114 -am With automatic margins (usually default) vt100-am
115 -nam Without automatic margins vt100-nam
116 .Pf \- Ar n Ta No "Number of lines on screen aaa-60"
117 -na No arrow keys (leave them in local) concept100-na
118 .Pf \- Ar \&np Ta No "Number of pages of memory concept100-4p"
119 -rv Reverse video concept100-rv
122 The description field attempts to convey the semantics of the
124 You may find some codes in the description field:
126 .Bl -tag -width #[1-9]
128 indicates that padding may be specified.
130 in the description field indicates that the string is passed through
134 with parms as given (#\fIi\fP).
136 indicates that padding may vary in proportion to the number of
139 indicates the \fIi\fP\uth\d parameter.
142 These are the boolean capabilities:
144 \fBBoolean TCap Description\fR
146 auto_left_margin bw cursor_left wraps from column 0 to last
148 auto_right_margin am terminal has automatic margins
149 no_esc_ctlc xb beehive (f1=escape, f2=ctrl C)
150 ceol_standout_glitch xs standout not erased by overwriting (hp)
151 eat_newline_glitch xn newline ignored after 80 cols (concept)
152 erase_overstrike eo can erase overstrikes with a blank
153 generic_type gn generic line type
154 hard_copy hc hardcopy terminal
155 has_meta_key km Has a meta key, sets msb high
156 has_status_line hs has extra status line
157 insert_null_glitch in insert mode distinguishes nulls
158 memory_above da display may be retained above the screen
159 memory_below db display may be retained below the screen
160 move_insert_mode mi safe to move while in insert mode
161 move_standout_mode ms safe to move while in standout mode
162 over_strike os terminal can overstrike
163 status_line_esc_ok es escape can be used on the status line
164 dest_tabs_magic_smso xt tabs destructive, magic so char (t1061)
165 tilde_glitch hz can't print ~'s (hazeltine)
166 transparent_underline ul underline character overstrikes
167 xon_xoff xo terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking
168 needs_xon_xoff nx padding won't work, xon/xoff required
169 prtr_silent 5i printer won't echo on screen
170 hard_cursor HC cursor is hard to see
171 non_rev_rmcup NR enter_ca_mode does not reverse exit_ca_mode
172 no_pad_char NP pad character does not exist
173 non_dest_scroll_region ND scrolling region is non-destructive
174 can_change cc terminal can re-define existing colors
175 back_color_erase ut screen erased with background color
176 hue_lightness_saturation hl terminal uses only HLS color
178 col_addr_glitch YA only positive motion for column address and
179 micro_column_address caps
180 cr_cancels_micro_mode YB using cr turns off micro mode
181 has_print_wheel YC printer needs operator to change character
183 row_addr_glitch YD only positive motion for row_address and
184 micro_row_address caps
185 semi_auto_right_margin YE printing in last column causes cr
186 cpi_changes_res YF changing character pitch changes resolution
187 lpi_changes_res YG changing line pitch changes resolution
190 These are the numeric capabilities:
192 \fBNumeric TCap Description\fR
194 columns co number of columns in aline
195 init_tabs it tabs initially every # spaces
196 lines li number of lines on screen or page
197 lines_of_memory lm lines of memory if > line. 0 => varies
198 magic_cookie_glitch sg number of blank chars left by
199 enter_standout_mode or exit_standout_mode
200 padding_baud_rate pb lowest baud rate where padding needed
201 virtual_terminal vt virtual terminal number (CB/unix)
202 width_status_line ws columns in status line
203 num_labels Nl number of labels on screen
204 label_height lh rows in each label
205 label_width lw columns in each label
206 max_attributes ma maximum combined attributes terminal can
208 maximum_windows MW maximum number of definable windows
209 magic_cookie_glitch_ul ug number of blanks left by underline
211 # These came in with SVr4's color support
213 max_colors Co maximum numbers of colors on screen
214 max_pairs pa maximum number of color-pairs on the screen
215 no_color_video NC video attributes that can't be used with
218 # The following numeric capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term
219 # structure, but are not yet documented in the man page.
220 # They came in with SVr4's printer support.
222 buffer_capacity Ya numbers of bytes buffered before printing
223 dot_vert_spacing Yb spacing of pins vertically in pins per inch
224 dot_horz_spacing Yc spacing of dots horizontally in dots per
226 max_micro_address Yd maximum value in micro_..._address
227 max_micro_jump Ye maximum value in parm_..._micro
228 micro_char_size Yf character size when in micro mode
229 micro_line_size Yg line size when in micro mode
230 number_of_pins Yh numbers of pins in print-head
231 output_res_char Yi horizontal resolution in units per line
232 output_res_line Yj vertical resolution in units per line
233 output_res_horz_inch Yk horizontal resolution in units per inch
234 output_res_vert_inch Yl vertical resolution in units per inch
235 print_rate Ym print rate in chars per second
236 wide_char_size Yn character step size when in double wide
238 buttons BT number of buttons on mouse
239 bit_image_entwining Yo number of passed for each bit-image row
240 bit_image_type Yp type of bit-image device
243 These are the string capabilities:
245 \fBString TCap Description\fR
247 back_tab bt back tab (P)
248 bell bl audible signal (bell) (P)
249 carriage_return cr carriage return (P*)
250 change_scroll_region cs change region to line #1 to line #2 (P)
251 clear_all_tabs ct clear all tab stops (P)
252 clear_screen cl clear screen and home cursor (P*)
253 clr_eol ce clear to end of line (P)
254 clr_eos cd clear to end of screen (P*)
255 column_address ch horizontal position #1, absolute (P)
256 command_character CC terminal settable cmd character in
258 cursor_address cm move to row #1 columns #2
259 cursor_down do down one line
260 cursor_home ho home cursor
261 cursor_invisible vi make cursor invisible
262 cursor_left le move left one space
263 cursor_mem_address CM memory relative cursor addressing
264 cursor_normal ve make cursor appear normal (undo
265 cursor_invisible/cursor_visible)
266 cursor_right nd move right one space
267 cursor_to_ll ll last line, first column
268 cursor_up up up one line
269 cursor_visible vs make cursor very visible
270 delete_character dc delete character (P*)
271 delete_line dl delete line (P*)
272 dis_status_line ds disable status line
273 down_half_line hd half a line down
274 enter_alt_charset_mode as start alternate character set (P)
275 enter_blink_mode mb turn on blinking
276 enter_bold_mode md turn on bold (extra bright) mode
277 enter_ca_mode ti string to start programs using
279 enter_delete_mode dm enter delete mode
280 enter_dim_mode mh turn on half-bright mode
281 enter_insert_mode im enter insert mode
282 enter_secure_mode mk turn on blank mode (characters invisible)
283 enter_protected_mode mp turn on protected mode
284 enter_reverse_mode mr turn on reverse video mode
285 enter_standout_mode so begin standout mode
286 enter_underline_mode us begin underline mode
287 erase_chars ec erase #1 characters (P)
288 exit_alt_charset_mode ae end alternate character set (P)
289 exit_attribute_mode me turn off all attributes
290 exit_ca_mode te strings to end programs using cup
291 exit_delete_mode ed end delete mode
292 exit_insert_mode ei exit insert mode
293 exit_standout_mode se exit standout mode
294 exit_underline_mode ue exit underline mode
295 flash_screen vb visible bell (may not move cursor)
296 form_feed ff hardcopy terminal page eject (P*)
297 from_status_line fs return from status line
298 init_1string i1 initialization string
299 init_2string is initialization string
300 init_3string i3 initialization string
301 init_file if name of initialization file
302 insert_character ic insert character (P)
303 insert_line al insert line (P*)
304 insert_padding ip insert padding after inserted character
305 key_backspace kb backspace key
306 key_catab ka clear-all-tabs key
307 key_clear kC clear-screen or erase key
308 key_ctab kt clear-tab key
309 key_dc kD delete-character key
310 key_dl kL delete-line key
311 key_down kd down-arrow key
312 key_eic kM sent by rmir or smir in insert mode
313 key_eol kE clear-to-end-of-line key
314 key_eos kS clear-to-end-of-screen key
315 key_f0 k0 F0 function key
316 key_f1 k1 F1 function key
317 key_f10 k; F10 function key
318 key_f2 k2 F2 function key
319 key_f3 k3 F3 function key
320 key_f4 k4 F4 function key
321 key_f5 k5 F5 function key
322 key_f6 k6 F6 function key
323 key_f7 k7 F7 function key
324 key_f8 k8 F8 function key
325 key_f9 k9 F9 function key
327 key_ic kI insert-character key
328 key_il kA insert-line key
329 key_left kl left-arrow key
330 key_ll kH last-line key
331 key_npage kN next-page key
332 key_ppage kP prev-page key
333 key_right kr right-arrow key
334 key_sf kF scroll-forward key
335 key_sr kR scroll-backward key
336 key_stab kT set-tab key
337 key_up ku up-arrow key
338 keypad_local ke leave 'keyboard_transmit' mode
339 keypad_xmit ks enter 'keyboard_transmit' mode
340 lab_f0 l0 label on function key f0 if not f0
341 lab_f1 l1 label on function key f1 if not f1
342 lab_f10 la label on function key f10 if not f10
343 lab_f2 l2 label on function key f2 if not f2
344 lab_f3 l3 label on function key f3 if not f3
345 lab_f4 l4 label on function key f4 if not f4
346 lab_f5 l5 label on function key f5 if not f5
347 lab_f6 l6 label on function key f6 if not f6
348 lab_f7 l7 label on function key f7 if not f7
349 lab_f8 l8 label on function key f8 if not f8
350 lab_f9 l9 label on function key f9 if not f9
351 meta_off mo turn off meta mode
352 meta_on mm turn on meta mode (8th-bit on)
353 newline nw newline (behave like cr followed by lf)
354 pad_char pc padding char (instead of null)
355 parm_dch DC delete #1 chars (P*)
356 parm_delete_line DL delete #1 lines (P*)
357 parm_down_cursor DO down #1 lines (P*)
358 parm_ich IC insert #1 chars (P*)
359 parm_index SF scroll forward #1 lines (P)
360 parm_insert_line AL insert #1 lines (P*)
361 parm_left_cursor LE move #1 chars to the left (P)
362 parm_right_cursor RI move #1 chars to the right (P*)
363 parm_rindex SR scroll back #1 lines (P)
364 parm_up_cursor UP up #1 lines (P*)
365 pkey_key pk program function key #1 to type string #2
366 pkey_local pl program function key #1 to execute
368 pkey_xmit px program function key #1 to transmit
370 print_screen ps print contents of screen
371 prtr_off pf turn off printer
372 prtr_on po turn on printer
373 repeat_char rp repeat char #1 #2 times (P*)
374 reset_1string r1 reset string
375 reset_2string r2 reset string
376 reset_3string r3 reset string
377 reset_file rf name of reset file
378 restore_cursor rc restore cursor to last position of
380 row_address cv vertical position #1 absolute (P)
381 save_cursor sc save current cursor position (P)
382 scroll_forward sf scroll text up (P)
383 scroll_reverse sr scroll text down (P)
384 set_attributes sa define video attributes #1-#9 (PG9)
385 set_tab st set a tab in every row, current columns
386 set_window wi current window is lines #1-#2 cols #3-#4
387 tab ta tab to next 8-space hardware tab stop
388 to_status_line ts move to status line
389 underline_char uc underline char and move past it
390 up_half_line hu half a line up
391 init_prog iP path name of program for initialization
392 key_a1 K1 upper left of keypad
393 key_a3 K3 upper right of keypad
394 key_b2 K2 center of keypad
395 key_c1 K4 lower left of keypad
396 key_c3 K5 lower right of keypad
397 prtr_non pO turn on printer for #1 bytes
398 termcap_init2 i2 secondary initialization string
399 termcap_reset rs terminal reset string
401 # SVr1 capabilities stop here. IBM's version of terminfo is the same as
402 # SVr4 up to this point, but has a different set afterwards.
404 char_padding rP like insert_padding but when in insert mode
405 acs_chars ac graphics charset pairs - def=vt100
406 plab_norm pn program label #1 to show string #2
407 key_btab kB back-tab key
408 enter_xon_mode SX turn on xon/xoff handshaking
409 exit_xon_mode RX turn off xon/xoff handshaking
410 enter_am_mode SA turn on automatic margins
411 exit_am_mode RA turn off automatic margins
412 xon_character XN XON character
413 xoff_character XF XOFF character
414 ena_acs eA enable alternate char set
415 label_on LO turn on soft labels
416 label_off LF turn off soft labels
418 key_cancel @2 cancel key
419 key_close @3 close key
420 key_command @4 command key
422 key_create @6 create key
424 key_enter @8 enter/send key
429 key_message %3 message key
433 key_options %7 options key
434 key_previous %8 previous key
435 key_print %9 print key
437 key_reference &1 reference key
438 key_refresh &2 refresh key
439 key_replace &3 replace key
440 key_restart &4 restart key
441 key_resume &5 resume key
443 key_suspend &7 suspend key
445 key_sbeg &9 shifted key
446 key_scancel &0 shifted key
447 key_scommand *1 shifted key
448 key_scopy *2 shifted key
449 key_screate *3 shifted key
450 key_sdc *4 shifted key
451 key_sdl *5 shifted key
452 key_select *6 select key
453 key_send *7 shifted key
454 key_seol *8 shifted key
455 key_sexit *9 shifted key
456 key_sfind *0 shifted key
457 key_shelp #1 shifted key
458 key_shome #2 shifted key
459 key_sic #3 shifted key
460 key_sleft #4 shifted key
461 key_smessage %a shifted key
462 key_smove %b shifted key
463 key_snext %c shifted key
464 key_soptions %d shifted key
465 key_sprevious %e shifted key
466 key_sprint %f shifted key
467 key_sredo %g shifted key
468 key_sreplace %h shifted key
469 key_sright %i shifted key
470 key_srsume %j shifted key
471 key_ssave !1 shifted key
472 key_ssuspend !2 shifted key
473 key_sundo !3 shifted key
474 req_for_input RF send next input char (for ptys)
475 key_f11 F1 F11 function key
476 key_f12 F2 F12 function key
477 key_f13 F3 F13 function key
478 key_f14 F4 F14 function key
479 key_f15 F5 F15 function key
480 key_f16 F6 F16 function key
481 key_f17 F7 F17 function key
482 key_f18 F8 F18 function key
483 key_f19 F9 F19 function key
484 key_f20 FA F20 function key
485 key_f21 FB F21 function key
486 key_f22 FC F22 function key
487 key_f23 FD F23 function key
488 key_f24 FE F24 function key
489 key_f25 FF F25 function key
490 key_f26 FG F26 function key
491 key_f27 FH F27 function key
492 key_f28 FI F28 function key
493 key_f29 FJ F29 function key
494 key_f30 FK F30 function key
495 key_f31 FL F31 function key
496 key_f32 FM F32 function key
497 key_f33 FN F33 function key
498 key_f34 FO F34 function key
499 key_f35 FP F35 function key
500 key_f36 FQ F36 function key
501 key_f37 FR F37 function key
502 key_f38 FS F38 function key
503 key_f39 FT F39 function key
504 key_f40 FU F40 function key
505 key_f41 FV F41 function key
506 key_f42 FW F42 function key
507 key_f43 FX F43 function key
508 key_f44 FY F44 function key
509 key_f45 FZ F45 function key
510 key_f46 Fa F46 function key
511 key_f47 Fb F47 function key
512 key_f48 Fc F48 function key
513 key_f49 Fd F49 function key
514 key_f50 Fe F50 function key
515 key_f51 Ff F51 function key
516 key_f52 Fg F52 function key
517 key_f53 Fh F53 function key
518 key_f54 Fi F54 function key
519 key_f55 Fj F55 function key
520 key_f56 Fk F56 function key
521 key_f57 Fl F57 function key
522 key_f58 Fm F58 function key
523 key_f59 Fn F59 function key
524 key_f60 Fo F60 function key
525 key_f61 Fp F61 function key
526 key_f62 Fq F62 function key
527 key_f63 Fr F63 function key
528 clr_bol cb Clear to beginning of line
529 clear_margins MC clear right and left soft margins
530 set_left_margin ML set left soft margin
531 set_right_margin MR set right soft margin
532 label_format Lf label format
533 set_clock SC set clock, #1 hrs #2 mins #3 secs
534 display_clock DK display clock at (#1,#2)
535 remove_clock RC remove clock
536 create_window CW define a window #1 from #2, #3 to #4, #5
537 goto_window WG go to window #1
538 hangup HU hang-up phone
539 dial_phone DI dial number #1
540 quick_dial QD dial number #1 without checking
541 tone TO select touch tone dialing
542 pulse PU select pulse dialling
543 flash_hook fh flash switch hook
544 fixed_pause PA pause for 2-3 seconds
545 wait_tone WA wait for dial-tone
546 user0 u0 User string #0
547 user1 u1 User string #1
548 user2 u2 User string #2
549 user3 u3 User string #3
550 user4 u4 User string #4
551 user5 u5 User string #5
552 user6 u6 User string #6
553 user7 u7 User string #7
554 user8 u8 User string #8
555 user9 u9 User string #9
557 # SVr4 added these capabilities to support color
559 orig_pair op Set default pair to its original value
560 orig_colors oc Set all color pairs to the original ones
561 initialize_color Ic initialize color #1 to (#2,#3,#4)
562 initialize_pair Ip Initialize color pair #1 to fg=(#2,#3,#4),
564 set_color_pair sp Set current color pair to #1
565 set_foreground Sf Set foreground color #1
566 set_background Sb Set background color #1
568 # SVr4 added these capabilities to support printers
570 change_char_pitch ZA Change number of characters per inch
571 change_line_pitch ZB Change number of lines per inch
572 change_res_horz ZC Change horizontal resolution
573 change_res_vert ZD Change vertical resolution
574 define_char ZE Define a character
575 enter_doublewide_mode ZF Enter double-wide mode
576 enter_draft_quality ZG Enter draft-quality mode
577 enter_italics_mode ZH Enter italic mode
578 enter_leftward_mode ZI Start leftward carriage motion
579 enter_micro_mode ZJ Start micro-motion mode
580 enter_near_letter_quality ZK Enter NLQ mode
581 enter_normal_quality ZL Enter normal-quality mode
582 enter_shadow_mode ZM Enter shadow-print mode
583 enter_subscript_mode ZN Enter subscript mode
584 enter_superscript_mode ZO Enter superscript mode
585 enter_upward_mode ZP Start upward carriage motion
586 exit_doublewide_mode ZQ End double-wide mode
587 exit_italics_mode ZR End italic mode
588 exit_leftward_mode ZS End left-motion mode
589 exit_micro_mode ZT End micro-motion mode
590 exit_shadow_mode ZU End shadow-print mode
591 exit_subscript_mode ZV End subscript mode
592 exit_superscript_mode ZW End superscript mode
593 exit_upward_mode ZX End reverse character motion
594 micro_column_address ZY Like column_address in micro mode
595 micro_down ZZ Like cursor_down in micro mode
596 micro_left Za Like cursor_left in micro mode
597 micro_right Zb Like cursor_right in micro mode
598 micro_row_address Zc Like row_address in micro mode
599 micro_up Zd Like cursor_up in micro mode
600 order_of_pins Ze Match software bits to print-head pins
601 parm_down_micro Zf Like parm_down_cursor in micro mode
602 parm_left_micro Zg Like parm_left_cursor in micro mode
603 parm_right_micro Zh Like parm_right_cursor in micro mode
604 parm_up_micro Zi Like parm_up_cursor in micro mode
605 select_char_set Zj Select character set
606 set_bottom_margin Zk Set bottom margin at current line
607 set_bottom_margin_parm Zl Set bottom margin at line #1 or #2 lines
609 set_left_margin_parm Zm Set left (right) margin at column #1 (#2)
610 set_right_margin_parm Zn Set right margin at column #1
611 set_top_margin Zo Set top margin at current line
612 set_top_margin_parm Zp Set top (bottom) margin at row #1 (#2)
613 start_bit_image Zq Start printing bit image graphics
614 start_char_set_def Zr Start character set definition
615 stop_bit_image Zs Stop printing bit image graphics
616 stop_char_set_def Zt End definition of character aet
617 subscript_characters Zu List of subscriptible characters
618 superscript_characters Zv List of superscriptible characters
619 these_cause_cr Zw Printing any of these chars causes CR
620 zero_motion Zx No motion for subsequent character
622 # The following string capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term
623 # structure, but are not documented in the man page.
625 char_set_names Zy List of character set names
626 key_mouse Km Mouse event has occurred
627 mouse_info Mi Mouse status information
628 req_mouse_pos RQ Request mouse position
629 get_mouse Gm Curses should get button events
630 set_a_foreground AF Set ANSI foreground color
631 set_a_background AB Set ANSI background color
632 pkey_plab xl Program function key #1 to type string #2
634 device_type dv Indicate language/codeset support
635 code_set_init ci Init sequence for multiple codesets
636 set0_des_seq s0 Shift to code set 0 (EUC set 0, ASCII)
637 set1_des_seq s1 Shift to code set 1
638 set2_des_seq s2 Shift to code set 2
639 set3_des_seq s3 Shift to code set 3
640 set_lr_margin ML Set both left and right margins to #1, #2
641 set_tb_margin MT Sets both top and bottom margins to #1, #2
642 bit_image_repeat Xy Repeat bit image cell #1 #2 times
643 bit_image_newline Zz Move to next row of the bit image
644 bit_image_carriage_return Yv Move to beginning of same row
645 color_names Yw Give name for color #1
646 define_bit_image_region Yx Define rectangular bit image region
647 end_bit_image_region Yy End a bit-image region
648 set_color_band Yz Change to ribbon color #1
649 set_page_length YZ Set page length to #1 lines
651 # SVr4 added these capabilities for direct PC-clone support
653 display_pc_char S1 Display PC character
654 enter_pc_charset_mode S2 Enter PC character display mode
655 exit_pc_charset_mode S3 Exit PC character display mode
656 enter_scancode_mode S4 Enter PC scancode mode
657 exit_scancode_mode S5 Exit PC scancode mode
658 pc_term_options S6 PC terminal options
659 scancode_escape S7 Escape for scancode emulation
660 alt_scancode_esc S8 Alternate escape for scancode emulation
662 # The XSI Curses standard added these.
664 enter_horizontal_hl_mode Xh Enter horizontal highlight mode
665 enter_left_hl_mode Xl Enter left highlight mode
666 enter_low_hl_mode Xo Enter low highlight mode
667 enter_right_hl_mode Xr Enter right highlight mode
668 enter_top_hl_mode Xt Enter top highlight mode
669 enter_vertical_hl_mode Xv Enter vertical highlight mode
672 Obsolete termcap capabilities.
673 New software should not rely on them at all.
675 \fBBoolean TCap Description\fR
677 linefeed_is_newline NL move down with ^J
678 even_parity EP terminal requires even parity
679 odd_parity OP terminal requires odd parity
680 half_duplex HD terminal is half-duplex
681 lower_case_only LC terminal has only lower case
682 upper_case_only UC terminal has only upper case
683 has_hardware_tabs pt has 8-char tabs invoked with ^I
684 return_does_clr_eol xr return clears the line
685 tek_4025_insert_line xx Tektronix 4025 insert-line glitch
686 backspaces_with_bs bs uses ^H to move left
687 crt_no_scrolling ns crt cannot scroll
688 no_correctly_working_cr nc no way to go to start of line
691 \fBNumber TCap Description\fR
693 backspace_delay dB padding required for ^H
694 form_feed_delay dF padding required for ^L
695 horizontal_tab_delay dT padding required for ^I
696 vertical_tab_delay dV padding required for ^V
697 number_of_function_keys kn count of function keys
698 carriage_return_delay dC pad needed for CR
699 new_line_delay dN pad needed for LF
702 \fBString TCap Description\fR
704 other_non_function_keys ko list of self-mapped keycaps
705 arrow_key_map ma map arrow keys
706 memory_lock_above ml lock visible screen memory above the
708 memory_unlock mu unlock visible screen memory above the
710 linefeed_if_not_lf nl use to move down
711 backspace_if_not_bs bc move left, if not ^H
714 The following entry, which describes the Concept\-100, is among the more
715 complex entries in the
717 file as of this writing.
720 ca\||\|concept100\||\|c100\||\|concept\||\|c104\||\|concept100-4p\||\|HDS Concept\-100:\e
721 :al=3*\eE^R:am:bl=^G:cd=16*\eE^C:ce=16\eE^U:cl=2*^L:cm=\eEa%+ %+ :\e
722 :co#80:.cr=9^M:db:dc=16\eE^A:dl=3*\eE^B:do=^J:ei=\eE\e200:eo:im=\eE^P:in:\e
723 :ip=16*:is=\eEU\eEf\eE7\eE5\eE8\eEl\eENH\eEK\eE\e200\eEo&\e200\eEo\e47\eE:k1=\eE5:\e
724 :k2=\eE6:k3=\eE7:kb=^h:kd=\eE<:ke=\eEx:kh=\eE?:kl=\eE>:kr=\eE=:ks=\eEX:\e
725 :ku=\eE;:le=^H:li#24:mb=\eEC:me=\eEN\e200:mh=\eEE:mi:mk=\eEH:mp=\eEI:\e
726 :mr=\eED:nd=\eE=:pb#9600:rp=0.2*\eEr%.%+ :se=\eEd\eEe:sf=^J:so=\eEE\eED:\e
727 :.ta=8\et:te=\eEv \e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\eEp\er\en:\e
728 :ti=\eEU\eEv 8p\eEp\er:ue=\eEg:ul:up=\eE;:us=\eEG:\e
729 :vb=\eEk\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\eEK:\e
730 :ve=\eEw:vs=\eEW:vt#8:xn:\e
731 :bs:cr=^M:dC#9:dT#8:nl=^J:ta=^I:pt:
734 Entries may continue onto multiple lines by giving a \e as the last
735 character of a line, and empty fields
736 may be included for readability (here between the last field on a line
737 and the first field on the next).
738 Comments may be included on lines beginning with
740 .Ss Types of Capabilities
743 are of three types: Boolean capabilities,
744 which indicate particular features that the terminal has;
745 numeric capabilities,
746 giving the size of the display or the size of other attributes;
747 and string capabilities,
748 which give character sequences that can be used to perform particular
750 All capabilities have two-letter codes.
751 For instance, the fact that
753 .Em automatic margins
754 (an automatic return and linefeed
755 when the end of a line is reached) is indicated by the Boolean capability
757 Hence the description of the Concept includes
760 Numeric capabilities are followed by the character `#' then the value.
763 which indicates the number of columns the display has,
764 gives the value `80' for the Concept.
766 Finally, string-valued capabilities, such as
768 (clear-to-end-of-line
769 sequence) are given by the two-letter code, an `=', then a string
770 ending at the next following `:'.
771 A delay in milliseconds may appear after
772 the `=' in such a capability,
773 which causes padding characters to be supplied by
775 after the remainder of the string is sent to provide this delay.
776 The delay can be either a number,
777 such as `20', or a number followed by
780 An `*' indicates that the padding required is proportional
781 to the number of lines affected by the operation, and the amount given is
782 the per-affected-line padding required.
783 (In the case of insert-character,
784 the factor is still the number of
787 this is always 1 unless the terminal has
789 and the software uses it.)
790 When an `*' is specified, it is sometimes useful to give a delay of the form
791 `3.5' to specify a delay per line to tenths of milliseconds.
792 (Only one decimal place is allowed.)
794 A number of escape sequences are provided in the string-valued capabilities
795 for easy encoding of control characters there.
801 maps to a control-X for any appropriate X,
808 map to linefeed, return, tab, backspace, and formfeed, respectively.
809 Finally, characters may be given as three octal digits after a
819 If it is necessary to place a
821 in a capability it must be escaped as
825 If it is necessary to place a
827 character in a string capability it
830 (The routines that deal with
832 use C strings and strip the high bits of the output very late, so that
839 Sometimes individual capabilities must be commented out.
840 To do this, put a period before the capability name.
841 For example, see the first
845 in the example above.
846 .Ss Preparing Descriptions
847 The most effective way to prepare a terminal description is by imitating
848 the description of a similar terminal in
850 and to build up a description gradually, using partial descriptions
853 to check that they are correct.
854 Be aware that a very unusual terminal may expose deficiencies in
860 To easily test a new terminal description you are working on
861 you can put it in your home directory in a file called
863 and programs will look there before looking in
864 .Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap .
865 You can also set the environment variable
867 to a list of absolute file pathnames (separated by spaces or colons),
868 one of which contains the description you are working on,
869 and programs will search them in the order listed, and nowhere else.
874 environment variable is usually set to the
877 to avoid reading files when starting up a program.
879 To get the padding for insert-line right
880 (if the terminal manufacturer did not document it),
881 a severe test is to use
885 at 9600 baud, delete roughly 16 lines from the middle of the screen,
886 then hit the `u' key several times quickly.
887 If the display messes up, more padding is usually needed.
888 A similar test can be used for insert-character.
889 .Ss Basic Capabilities
890 The number of columns on each line of the display is given by the
896 number of lines on the screen is given by the
899 If the display wraps around to the beginning of the next line when
900 the cursor reaches the right margin, then it should have the
903 If the terminal can clear its screen,
904 the code to do this is given by the
907 If the terminal overstrikes
908 (rather than clearing the position when a character is overwritten),
912 If the terminal is a printing terminal,
913 with no soft copy unit,
919 applies to storage scope terminals,
920 such as the Tektronix 4010 series,
921 as well as to hard copy and
924 If there is a code to move the cursor to the left edge of the current row,
927 (Normally this will be carriage-return,
929 If there is a code to produce an audible signal (bell, beep,
934 If there is a code (such as backspace)
935 to move the cursor one position to the left,
936 that capability should be given as
939 codes to move to the right, up, and down
947 .Em local cursor motions
948 should not alter the text they pass over;
949 for example, you would not normally use
951 unless the terminal has the
954 because the space would erase the character moved over.
956 A very important point here is that the local cursor motions encoded
959 have undefined behavior at the left and top edges of a
962 Programs should never attempt to backspace around the left edge,
965 is given, and never attempt to go up off the top
966 using local cursor motions.
968 In order to scroll text up,
969 a program goes to the bottom left corner of the screen and sends the
973 a program goes to the top left corner of the screen and sends the
975 (reverse index) string.
980 have undefined behavior
981 when not on their respective corners of the screen.
982 Parameterized versions of the scrolling sequences are
986 which have the same semantics as
990 except that they take one parameter
991 and scroll that many lines.
992 They also have undefined behavior
993 except at the appropriate corner of the screen.
997 capability tells whether the cursor sticks at the right
998 edge of the screen when text is output there,
999 but this does not necessarily apply to
1001 from the last column.
1002 Leftward local motion is defined from the left edge only when
1006 from the left edge will move to the right edge of the previous row.
1007 This is useful for drawing a box around the edge of the screen,
1009 If the terminal has switch-selectable automatic margins,
1012 description usually assumes that this feature is on,
1015 If the terminal has a command
1016 that moves to the first column of the next line,
1017 that command can be given as
1020 It is permissible for this to clear the remainder of the current line,
1021 so if the terminal has no correctly-working
1025 it may still be possible to craft a working
1027 out of one or both of them.
1029 These capabilities suffice to describe hardcopy and
1032 Thus the Teletype model 33 is described as
1033 .Bd -literal -offset indent
1034 T3\||\|tty33\||\|33\||\|tty\||\|Teletype model 33:\e
1035 :bl=^G:co#72:cr=^M:do=^J:hc:os:
1038 and the Lear Siegler
1041 .Bd -literal -offset indent
1042 l3\||\|adm3\||\|3\||\|LSI \s-1ADM\s0-3:\e
1043 :am:bl=^G:cl=^Z:co#80:cr=^M:do=^J:le=^H:li#24:sf=^J:
1045 .Ss Parameterized Strings
1046 Cursor addressing and other strings requiring parameters
1048 parameterized string capability, with
1049 .Xr printf 3 Ns \-like
1053 while other characters are passed through unchanged.
1054 For example, to address the cursor the
1056 capability is given, using two parameters: the row and column to move to.
1057 (Rows and columns are numbered from zero and refer to the physical screen
1058 visible to the user, not to any unseen memory.
1059 If the terminal has memory-relative cursor addressing,
1060 that can be indicated by an analogous
1066 encodings have the following meanings:
1069 .It "%d output value as in"
1072 .It "%2 output value as in"
1075 .It "%3 output value as in"
1078 .It "%. output value as in"
1081 .It "%+" Ns Em x Ta No add
1083 to value, then do %.
1084 .It "%>" Ns Em \&xy Ta No if
1090 .It "%r reverse order of two parameters, no output"
1091 .It "%i increment by one, no output"
1092 .It "%n exclusive-or all parameters with 0140 (Datamedia 2500)"
1093 .It "\&%B" Ta Tn BCD No "(16*(value/10)) + (value%10), no output"
1094 .It "%D Reverse coding (value \- 2*(value%16)), no output (Delta Data)."
1097 Consider the Hewlett-Packard 2645, which, to get to row 3 and column 12, needs
1100 padded for 6 milliseconds.
1102 of the row and column coordinates is reversed here
1103 and that the row and column
1104 are sent as two-digit integers.
1108 .Dq Li cm=6\eE&%r%2c%2Y .
1110 The Datamedia 2500 needs the current row and column sent
1111 encoded in binary using
1116 backspace the cursor
1118 and to move the cursor up one line on the screen
1120 This is necessary because it is not always safe to transmit
1125 as the system may change or discard them.
1128 must set terminal modes so that tabs are not expanded, so
1131 This turns out to be essential for the Ann Arbor 4080.)
1133 A final example is the Lear Siegler
1135 which offsets row and column
1136 by a blank character, thus
1137 .Dq Li cm=\eE=%+ %+\ \& .
1139 Row or column absolute cursor addressing
1140 can be given as single parameter capabilities
1142 (horizontal position absolute) and
1144 (vertical position absolute).
1145 Sometimes these are shorter than the more general two-parameter sequence
1146 (as with the Hewlett-Packard 2645) and can be used in preference to
1148 If there are parameterized local motions
1152 positions to the right)
1153 these can be given as
1159 with a single parameter indicating how many positions to move.
1160 These are primarily useful if the terminal does not have
1162 such as the Tektronix 4025.
1164 If the terminal has a fast way to home the cursor
1165 (to the very upper left corner of the screen), this can be given as
1167 Similarly, a fast way of getting to the lower left-hand corner
1170 this may involve going up with
1172 from the home position,
1173 but a program should never do this itself (unless
1175 does), because it can
1176 make no assumption about the effect of moving up from the home position.
1177 Note that the home position is the same as
1178 cursor address (0,0): to the top left corner of the screen, not of memory.
1181 sequence on Hewlett-Packard terminals
1185 If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the
1186 line, leaving the cursor where it is, this should be given as
1188 If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the
1189 display, this should be given as
1192 must only be invoked from the first column of a line.
1194 it can be simulated by a request to delete a large number of lines,
1198 .Ss Insert/Delete Line
1199 If the terminal can open a new blank line
1200 before the line containing the cursor,
1201 this should be given as
1203 this must be invoked only from the first
1205 The cursor must then appear at the left of the newly blank line.
1206 If the terminal can delete the line that the cursor is on, this
1209 this must only be used from the first position on
1210 the line to be deleted.
1215 which take a single parameter
1216 and insert or delete that many lines
1221 If the terminal has a settable scrolling region
1223 the command to set this can be described with the
1226 which takes two parameters: the top and bottom lines of the scrolling region.
1227 The cursor position is, alas, undefined after using this command.
1228 It is possible to get the effect of insert or delete line
1229 using this command \(em the
1233 (save and restore cursor) commands are also useful.
1234 Inserting lines at the top or bottom of the screen can also be done using
1238 on many terminals without a true insert/delete line,
1239 and is often faster even on terminals with those features.
1241 If the terminal has the ability to define a window as part of memory
1242 which all commands affect, it should be given as the parameterized string
1244 The four parameters are the starting and ending lines in memory
1245 and the starting and ending columns in memory, in that order.
1248 capability is described for completeness.
1249 It is unlikely that any
1251 program will support it.)
1253 If the terminal can retain display memory above the screen, then the
1255 capability should be given;
1256 if display memory can be retained
1261 that deleting a line or scrolling may bring non-blank lines up from below
1262 or that scrolling back with
1264 may bring down non-blank lines.
1265 .Ss Insert/Delete Character
1266 There are two basic kinds of intelligent terminals with respect to
1267 insert/delete character that can be described using
1269 The most common insert/delete character operations affect only the characters
1270 on the current line and shift characters off the end of the line rigidly.
1271 Other terminals, such as the Concept\-100 and the Perkin Elmer Owl, make
1272 a distinction between typed and untyped blanks on the screen, shifting
1273 upon an insert or delete only to an untyped blank on the screen which is
1274 either eliminated or expanded to two untyped blanks.
1276 the kind of terminal you have by clearing the screen then typing
1277 text separated by cursor motions.
1279 .Dq Li abc\ \ \ \ def
1281 cursor motions (not spaces) between the
1285 Then position the cursor before the
1287 and put the terminal in insert
1289 If typing characters causes the rest of the line to shift
1290 rigidly and characters to fall off the end, then your terminal does
1291 not distinguish between blanks and untyped positions.
1296 which then move together around the end of the
1297 current line and onto the next as you insert, then you have the second type of
1298 terminal and should give the capability
1302 While these are two logically separate attributes
1305 multi-line insert mode,
1306 and special treatment of untyped spaces),
1307 we have seen no terminals whose insert
1308 mode cannot be described with the single attribute.
1312 entries can describe both terminals that have an insert mode and terminals
1313 that send a simple sequence to open a blank position on the current line.
1316 the sequence to get into insert mode.
1319 the sequence to leave insert mode.
1322 any sequence that needs to be sent just before
1323 each character to be inserted.
1324 Most terminals with a true insert mode
1327 terminals that use a sequence to open a screen
1328 position should give it here.
1329 (If your terminal has both,
1330 insert mode is usually preferable to
1332 Do not give both unless the terminal actually requires both to be used
1334 If post-insert padding is needed, give this as a number of milliseconds
1338 Any other sequence that may need to be
1339 sent after insertion of a single character can also be given in
1341 If your terminal needs to be placed into an `insert mode'
1342 and needs a special code preceding each inserted character,
1344 .Sy \&im Ns / Sy \&ei
1347 can be given, and both will be used.
1350 capability, with one parameter
1352 will repeat the effects of
1357 It is occasionally necessary to move around while in insert mode
1358 to delete characters on the same line
1360 if there is a tab after
1361 the insertion position).
1362 If your terminal allows motion while in
1363 insert mode, you can give the capability
1365 to speed up inserting
1369 will affect only speed.
1371 (notably Datamedia's) must not have
1373 because of the way their
1376 Finally, you can specify
1378 to delete a single character,
1385 and delete mode by giving
1389 to enter and exit delete mode
1390 (which is any mode the terminal needs to be placed in for
1393 .Ss Highlighting, Underlining, and Visible Bells
1394 If your terminal has one or more kinds of display attributes,
1395 these can be represented in a number of different ways.
1396 You should choose one display form as
1398 representing a good high-contrast, easy-on-the-eyes format
1399 for highlighting error messages and other attention getters.
1400 (If you have a choice, reverse video plus half-bright is good,
1401 or reverse video alone.)
1402 The sequences to enter and exit standout mode
1408 If the code to change into or out of standout
1409 mode leaves one or even two blank spaces or garbage characters on the screen,
1412 912 and Teleray 1061 do,
1415 should be given to tell how many characters are left.
1417 Codes to begin underlining and end underlining can be given as
1422 Underline mode change garbage is specified by
1426 If the terminal has a code to underline the current character and move
1427 the cursor one position to the right,
1428 such as the Microterm Mime,
1429 this can be given as
1432 Other capabilities to enter various highlighting modes include
1436 (bold or extra bright),
1438 (dim or half-bright),
1440 (blanking or invisible text),
1450 (enter alternate character set mode), and
1452 (exit alternate character set mode).
1453 Turning on any of these modes singly may or may not turn off other modes.
1455 If there is a sequence to set arbitrary combinations of mode,
1456 this should be given as
1458 (set attributes), taking 9 parameters.
1459 Each parameter is either 0 or 1,
1460 as the corresponding attributes is on or off.
1461 The 9 parameters are, in order: standout, underline, reverse, blink,
1462 dim, bold, blank, protect, and alternate character set.
1463 Not all modes need be supported by
1465 only those for which corresponding attribute commands exist.
1466 (It is unlikely that a
1468 program will support this capability, which is defined for compatibility
1478 rather than maintaining extra attribute bits for each character cell,
1479 instead deposit special
1482 .Dq garbage characters ,
1483 when they receive mode-setting sequences,
1484 which affect the display algorithm.
1487 such as the Hewlett-Packard 2621,
1488 automatically leave standout
1489 mode when they move to a new line or when the cursor is addressed.
1490 Programs using standout mode
1491 should exit standout mode on such terminals
1492 before moving the cursor or sending a newline.
1493 On terminals where this is not a problem,
1496 capability should be present
1497 to say that this overhead is unnecessary.
1500 a way of flashing the screen to indicate an error quietly
1501 (a bell replacement),
1502 this can be given as
1504 it must not move the cursor.
1506 If the cursor needs to be made more visible than normal
1507 when it is not on the bottom line
1508 (to change, for example, a non-blinking underline into an easier-to-find
1509 block or blinking underline),
1510 give this sequence as
1512 If there is a way to make the cursor completely invisible, give that as
1516 which undoes the effects of both of these modes,
1517 should also be given.
1519 If your terminal correctly displays underlined characters
1520 (with no special codes needed)
1521 even though it does not overstrike,
1522 then you should give the capability
1524 If overstrikes are erasable with a blank,
1525 this should be indicated by giving
1528 If the terminal has a keypad that transmits codes when the keys are pressed,
1529 this information can be given.
1530 Note that it is not possible to handle
1531 terminals where the keypad only works in local mode
1532 (this applies, for example, to the unshifted Hewlett-Packard 2621 keys).
1533 If the keypad can be set to transmit or not transmit,
1538 Otherwise the keypad is assumed to always transmit.
1539 The codes sent by the left-arrow, right-arrow, up-arrow, down-arrow,
1540 and home keys can be given as
1548 If there are function keys such as f0, f1, ..., f9, the codes they send
1554 If these keys have labels other than the default f0 through f9, the labels
1560 The codes transmitted by certain other special keys can be given:
1568 (clear the tab stop in this column),
1570 (clear screen or erase),
1578 (clear to end of line),
1580 (clear to end of screen),
1582 (insert character or enter insert mode),
1590 (scroll forward/down),
1592 (scroll backward/up), and
1594 (set a tab stop in this column).
1595 In addition, if the keypad has a 3 by 3 array of keys
1596 including the four arrow keys, then the other five keys can be given as
1603 These keys are useful when the effects of a 3 by 3 directional pad are needed.
1606 capability formerly used to describe
1608 function keys has been
1609 completely supplanted by the above capabilities.
1613 entry is also used to indicate arrow keys on terminals that have
1614 single-character arrow keys.
1615 It is obsolete but still in use in
1618 which must be run on some minicomputers due to
1620 This field is redundant with
1627 It consists of groups of two characters.
1628 In each group, the first character is what an arrow key sends, and the
1629 second character is the corresponding
1649 For example, the Mime would have
1650 .Dq Li ma=^Hh^Kj^Zk^Xl
1651 indicating arrow keys left (^H), down (^K), up (^Z), and right (^X).
1652 (There is no home key on the Mime.)
1653 .Ss Tabs and Initialization
1654 If the terminal needs to be in a special mode when running
1655 a program that uses these capabilities,
1656 the codes to enter and exit this mode can be given as
1660 This arises, for example, from terminals like the Concept with more than
1662 If the terminal has only memory-relative cursor addressing and not
1663 screen-relative cursor addressing,
1664 a screen-sized window must be fixed into
1665 the display for cursor addressing to work properly.
1666 This is also used for the Tektronix 4025, where
1668 sets the command character to be the one used by
1674 an initialization string for the terminal,
1677 the name of a file containing long initialization strings.
1678 These strings are expected to set the terminal into modes
1679 consistent with the rest of the
1682 They are normally sent to the terminal by the
1684 program each time the user logs in.
1685 They will be printed in the following order:
1698 and runs the program
1702 after the other initializations.)
1703 A pair of sequences that does a harder reset from a totally unknown state
1704 can be analogously given as
1708 These strings are output by the
1710 program, which is used when the terminal gets into a wedged state.
1716 Commands are normally placed in
1720 only if they produce annoying effects on the screen and are not necessary
1722 For example, the command to set the VT100 into 80-column mode
1723 would normally be part of
1725 but it causes an annoying glitch of the screen and is not normally needed
1726 since the terminal is usually already in 80-column mode.
1728 If the terminal has hardware tabs,
1729 the command to advance to the next tab stop can be given as
1735 command which moves leftward to the previous tab stop
1739 if the terminal driver modes indicate that tab stops are being expanded
1740 by the computer rather than being sent to the terminal,
1741 programs should not use
1745 even if they are present,
1746 since the user may not have the tab stops properly set.
1747 If the terminal has hardware tabs that are initially set every
1749 positions when the terminal is powered up, then the numeric parameter
1751 is given, showing the number of positions between tab stops.
1752 This is normally used by the
1754 command to determine whether to set the driver mode for hardware tab
1755 expansion, and whether to set the tab stops.
1756 If the terminal has tab stops that can be saved in nonvolatile memory, the
1758 description can assume that they are properly set.
1760 If there are commands to set and clear tab stops, they can be given as
1762 (clear all tab stops) and
1764 (set a tab stop in the current column of every row).
1765 If a more complex sequence is needed to set the tabs than can be
1766 described by this, the sequence can be placed in
1771 Certain capabilities control padding in the terminal driver.
1772 These are primarily needed by hardcopy terminals and are used by the
1774 program to set terminal driver modes appropriately.
1775 Delays embedded in the capabilities
1782 will cause the appropriate delay bits to be set in the terminal driver.
1785 (padding baud rate) is given, these values can be ignored at baud rates
1791 the delays are given as numeric capabilities
1800 If the terminal requires other than a
1802 (zero) character as a pad,
1803 this can be given as
1805 Only the first character of the
1809 If the terminal has commands to save and restore the position of the
1810 cursor, give them as
1815 If the terminal has an extra
1817 that is not normally used by
1818 software, this fact can be indicated.
1819 If the status line is viewed as an extra line below the bottom line,
1823 Special strings to go to a position in the status line and to return
1824 from the status line can be given as
1829 must leave the cursor position in the same place that it was before
1835 strings can be included in
1839 to get this effect.)
1842 takes one parameter, which is the column number of the status line
1843 to which the cursor is to be moved.
1844 If escape sequences and other special commands such as tab work while in
1845 the status line, the flag
1848 A string that turns off the status line (or otherwise erases its contents)
1851 The status line is normally assumed to be the same width as the
1855 If the status line is a different width (possibly because the terminal
1856 does not allow an entire line to be loaded), then its width in columns
1857 can be indicated with the numeric parameter
1860 If the terminal can move up or down half a line, this can be
1866 This is primarily useful for superscripts and subscripts on hardcopy
1868 If a hardcopy terminal can eject to the next page (form feed),
1874 If there is a command to repeat a given character a given number of times
1875 (to save time transmitting a large number of identical characters),
1876 this can be indicated with the parameterized string
1878 The first parameter is the character to be repeated and the second is
1879 the number of times to repeat it.
1882 feature that is unlikely to be supported by a program that uses
1885 If the terminal has a settable command character, such as the
1886 Tektronix 4025, this can be indicated with
1888 A prototype command character is chosen which is used in all capabilities.
1889 This character is given in the
1891 capability to identify it.
1892 The following convention is supported on some
1895 The environment is to be searched for a
1899 all occurrences of the prototype character are replaced by the character
1900 in the environment variable.
1903 environment variable
1904 is a very bad idea, as it conflicts with
1907 Terminal descriptions that do not represent a specific kind of known
1916 (generic) capability so that programs can complain that they do not know
1917 how to talk to the terminal.
1918 (This capability does not apply to
1920 terminal descriptions for which the escape sequences are known.)
1922 If the terminal uses xoff/xon
1923 .Pq Tn DC3 Ns / Ns Tn DC1
1924 handshaking for flow control, give
1926 Padding information should still be included so that routines can make
1927 better decisions about costs, but actual pad characters will not be
1930 If the terminal has a
1932 which acts as a shift key, setting the
1933 8th bit of any character transmitted, then this fact can be indicated with
1935 Otherwise, software will assume that the 8th bit is parity and it will
1937 If strings exist to turn this
1939 on and off, they can be given as
1944 If the terminal has more lines of memory than will fit on the screen at once,
1945 the number of lines of memory can be indicated with
1947 An explicit value of 0 indicates that the number of lines is not fixed,
1948 but that there is still more memory than fits on the screen.
1950 If the terminal is one of those supported by the
1953 terminal protocol, the terminal number can be given as
1956 Media copy strings which control an auxiliary printer
1957 connected to the terminal can be given as
1959 print the contents of the screen;
1961 turn off the printer; and
1963 turn on the printer.
1964 When the printer is on, all text sent to the terminal will be sent to the
1966 It is undefined whether the text is also displayed on the terminal screen
1967 when the printer is on.
1970 takes one parameter and leaves the printer on for as many characters as the
1971 value of the parameter, then turns the printer off.
1972 The parameter should not exceed 255.
1975 is transparently passed to the printer while
1979 Strings to program function keys can be given as
1984 Each of these strings takes two parameters: the function key number
1985 to program (from 0 to 9) and the string to program it with.
1986 Function key numbers out of this range may program undefined keys
1987 in a terminal-dependent manner.
1988 The differences among the capabilities are that
1990 causes pressing the given key to be the same as the user typing the given
1993 causes the string to be executed by the terminal in local mode;
1996 causes the string to be transmitted to the computer.
1997 Unfortunately, due to lack of a definition for string parameters in
2001 supports these capabilities.
2002 .Ss Glitches and Braindamage
2003 Hazeltine terminals, which do not allow `~' characters to be displayed,
2009 capability, now obsolete, formerly indicated Datamedia terminals,
2013 carriage return then ignore a following linefeed.
2015 Terminals that ignore a linefeed immediately after an
2017 wrap, such as the Concept, should indicate
2022 is required to get rid of standout
2023 (instead of merely writing normal text on top of it),
2027 Teleray terminals, where tabs turn all characters moved over to blanks,
2031 This glitch is also taken to mean that it is not possible
2032 to position the cursor on top of a
2035 to erase standout mode it is necessary to use delete and insert line.
2037 The Beehive Superbee, which is unable to correctly transmit the
2050 (Only certain Superbees have this problem, depending on the
2053 Other specific terminal problems may be corrected by adding more
2054 capabilities of the form
2056 .Ss Similar Terminals
2057 If there are two very similar terminals,
2058 one can be defined as being just like the other with certain exceptions.
2059 The string capability
2062 with the name of the similar terminal.
2063 This capability must be
2065 and the combined length of the entries
2066 must not exceed 1024.
2067 The capabilities given before
2069 override those in the terminal type invoked by
2071 A capability can be canceled by placing
2078 For example, the entry
2079 .Bd -literal -offset indent
2080 hn\||\|2621\-nl:ks@:ke@:tc=2621:
2085 that does not have the
2090 hence does not turn on the function key labels when in visual mode.
2091 This is useful for different modes for a terminal, or for different
2094 .Bl -tag -width /usr/share/misc/termcap.db -compact
2095 .It Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap
2096 File containing terminal descriptions.
2097 .It Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap.db
2098 Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see
2115 file format appeared in
2117 .Sh CAVEATS AND BUGS
2127 The transition will be relatively painless if capabilities flagged as
2131 Lines and columns are now stored by the kernel as well as in the termcap
2133 Most programs now use the kernel information primarily; the information
2134 in this file is used only if the kernel does not have any information.
2138 program allows only 256 characters for string capabilities, and the routines
2141 do not check for overflow of this buffer.
2142 The total length of a single entry (excluding only escaped newlines)
2143 may not exceed 1024.
2145 Not all programs support all entries.