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32 .\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/last/last.1,v 1.6.2.8 2003/02/25 20:31:18 trhodes Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/last/last.1,v 1.3 2006/02/17 19:39:09 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
64 utility will either list the sessions of specified
69 in reverse time order,
70 or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
71 Each line of output contains
72 the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
73 hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
75 If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
80 The following options are available:
81 .Bl -tag -width indent-two
87 Specify the snapshot date and time.
88 All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
90 This may be used with the
92 option to derive the results from stored
95 When this argument is provided, all other options except for
100 The argument should be in the form
102 .Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY
107 where each pair of letters represents the following:
109 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
111 The first two digits of the year (the century).
113 The second two digits of the year.
120 between 69 and 99 results in a
127 Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
129 Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
131 Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
133 Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
135 Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
142 letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
146 letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
150 instead of the default,
154 names may be names or internet numbers.
156 Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
157 default days, hours and minutes.
161 Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
165 .Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
167 Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
168 default days, hours and minutes.
170 Report the year in the session start time.
173 If multiple arguments are given,
174 and a snapshot time is not specified,
175 the information which applies to any of the
176 arguments is printed, e.g.,
177 .Dq Li "last root -t console"
180 sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
182 users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
185 all logins and logouts.
189 logs in at reboots of the system, thus
191 will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
195 is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
197 If interrupted with a quit signal
200 far the search has progressed and then continues.
202 .Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact
216 If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
217 that a logout record won't be written to the
222 will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".