1 .\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
14 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
15 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 .\" without specific prior written permission.
20 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32 .\" From: $OpenBSD: mktemp.1,v 1.8 1998/03/19 06:13:37 millert Exp $
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/mktemp/mktemp.1,v 1.7.2.8 2003/02/24 22:37:42 trhodes Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/mktemp/mktemp.1,v 1.4 2006/02/17 19:39:09 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd make temporary file name (unique)
57 utility takes each of the given file name templates and overwrites a
58 portion of it to create a file name. This file name is unique
59 and suitable for use by the application. The template may be
60 any file name with some number of
67 are replaced with the current process number and/or a
68 unique letter combination.
69 The number of unique file names
71 can return depends on the number of
78 testing roughly 26 ** 6 combinations.
82 can successfully generate a unique file name, the file
83 is created with mode 0600 (unless the
85 flag is given) and the filename is printed
92 will generate a template string based on the
96 environment variable if set.
97 The default location if
102 be taken to ensure that it is appropriate to use an environment variable
103 potentially supplied by the user.
105 Any number of temporary files may be created in a single invocation,
106 including one based on the internal template resulting from the
112 utility is provided to allow shell scripts to safely use temporary files.
113 Traditionally, many shell scripts take the name of the program with
114 the pid as a suffix and use that as a temporary file name. This
115 kind of naming scheme is predictable and the race condition it creates
116 is easy for an attacker to win. A safer, though still inferior, approach
117 is to make a temporary directory using the same naming scheme. While
118 this does allow one to guarantee that a temporary file will not be
119 subverted, it still allows a simple denial of service attack. For these
120 reasons it is suggested that
124 The available options are as follows:
125 .Bl -tag -width indent
127 Make a directory instead of a file.
129 Fail silently if an error occurs. This is useful if
130 a script does not want error output to go to standard error.
132 Generate a template (using the supplied
136 if set) to create a filename template.
140 mode. The temp file will be unlinked before
142 exits. This is slightly better than
144 but still introduces a race condition. Use of this
145 option is not encouraged.
150 fragment illustrates a simple use of
152 where the script should quit if it cannot get a safe
154 .Bd -literal -offset indent
155 tempfoo=`basename $0`
156 TMPFILE=`mktemp /tmp/${tempfoo}.XXXXXX` || exit 1
157 echo "program output" >> $TMPFILE
160 To allow the use of $TMPDIR:
161 .Bd -literal -offset indent
162 tempfoo=`basename $0`
163 TMPFILE=`mktemp -t ${tempfoo}` || exit 1
164 echo "program output" >> $TMPFILE
167 In this case, we want the script to catch the error itself.
168 .Bd -literal -offset indent
169 tempfoo=`basename $0`
170 TMPFILE=`mktemp -q /tmp/${tempfoo}.XXXXXX`
171 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
172 echo "$0: Can't create temp file, exiting..."
180 exits 0 on success, and 1 if an error occurs.
191 This implementation was written independently based on the
196 This man page is taken from