sbin/hammer/cmd_softprune.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2008 The DragonFly Project.  All rights reserved.
   3  *
   4  * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
   5  * by Matthew Dillon <dillon@backplane.com>
   6  *
   7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   9  * are met:
  10  *
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
  15  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
  16  *    distribution.
  17  * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
  18  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
  19  *    from this software without specific, prior written permission.
  20  *
  21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  22  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  23  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
  24  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  25  * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  26  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
  27  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
  28  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
  29  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
  30  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
  31  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  33  *
  34  * $DragonFly: src/sbin/hammer/cmd_softprune.c,v 1.7 2008/08/21 23:28:43 thomas Exp $
  35  */
  36
  37 #include "hammer.h"
  38
  39 struct softprune {
  40         struct softprune *next;
  41         struct statfs fs;
  42         char *filesystem;
  43         struct hammer_ioc_prune prune;
  44         int maxelms;
  45         int prune_min;
  46 };
  47
  48 static void hammer_softprune_scandir(struct softprune **basep,
  49                         struct hammer_ioc_prune *template,
  50                         const char *dirname);
  51 static int hammer_softprune_scanmeta(int fd, struct softprune *scan,
  52                         int delete_all);
  53 static void hammer_meta_flushdelete(int fd, struct hammer_ioc_snapshot *dsnap);
  54 static struct softprune *hammer_softprune_addentry(struct softprune **basep,
  55                         struct hammer_ioc_prune *template,
  56                         const char *dirpath, const char *denname,
  57                         struct stat *st,
  58                         const char *linkbuf, const char *tidptr);
  59 static void hammer_softprune_addelm(struct softprune *scan, hammer_tid_t tid,
  60                         time_t ct, time_t mt);
  61 static void hammer_softprune_finalize(struct softprune *scan);
  62 static void softprune_usage(int code);
  63
  64 /*
  65  * prune <softlink-dir>
  66  * prune-everything <filesystem>
  67  */
  68 void
  69 hammer_cmd_softprune(char **av, int ac, int everything_opt)
  70 {
  71         struct hammer_ioc_prune template;
  72         struct hammer_ioc_pseudofs_rw pfs;
  73         struct softprune *base, *scan;
  74         int fd;
  75         int rcode;
  76
  77         base = NULL;
  78         rcode = 0;
  79         if (TimeoutOpt > 0)
  80                 alarm(TimeoutOpt);
  81
  82         clrpfs(&pfs, NULL, -1);
  83
  84         /*
  85          * NOTE: To restrict to a single file XXX we have to set
  86          * the localization the same (not yet implemented).  Typically
  87          * two passes would be needed, one using HAMMER_LOCALIZE_MISC
  88          * and one using HAMMER_LOCALIZE_INODE.
  89          */
  90
  91         bzero(&template, sizeof(template));
  92         template.key_beg.localization = HAMMER_MIN_LOCALIZATION;
  93         template.key_beg.obj_id = HAMMER_MIN_OBJID;
  94         template.key_end.localization = HAMMER_MAX_LOCALIZATION;
  95         template.key_end.obj_id = HAMMER_MAX_OBJID;
  96         hammer_get_cycle(&template.key_end, NULL);
  97         template.stat_oldest_tid = HAMMER_MAX_TID;
  98
  99         /*
 100          * For now just allow one directory
 101          */
 102         if (ac == 0 || ac > 1) {
 103                 softprune_usage(1);
 104                 /* not reached */
 105         }
 106
 107         /*
 108          * Scan the softlink directory.
 109          */
 110         if (everything_opt) {
 111                 const char *dummylink = "";
 112                 scan = hammer_softprune_addentry(&base, &template,
 113                                                  *av, NULL, NULL,
 114                                                  dummylink, dummylink);
 115                 if (scan == NULL) {
 116                         softprune_usage(1);
 117                         /* not reached */
 118                 }
 119                 scan->prune.nelms = 0;
 120                 scan->prune.head.flags |= HAMMER_IOC_PRUNE_ALL;
 121         } else {
 122                 hammer_softprune_scandir(&base, &template, *av);
 123                 if (base == NULL) {
 124                         const char *dummylink = "";
 125                         scan = hammer_softprune_addentry(&base, &template,
 126                                                          *av, NULL, NULL,
 127                                                          dummylink, dummylink);
 128                         if (scan == NULL) {
 129                                 softprune_usage(1);
 130                                 /* not reached */
 131                         }
 132                         scan->prune.nelms = 0;
 133                 }
 134                 ++av;
 135                 --ac;
 136         }
 137
 138         /*
 139          * XXX future (need to store separate cycles for each filesystem)
 140          */
 141         if (base->next) {
 142                 errx(1, "Currently only one HAMMER filesystem may "
 143                         "be specified in the softlink scan");
 144                 /* not reached */
 145         }
 146
 147         /*
 148          * Issue the prunes
 149          */
 150         for (scan = base; scan; scan = scan->next) {
 151                 /*
 152                  * Open the filesystem for ioctl calls and extract the
 153                  * PFS.
 154                  */
 155                 fd = open(scan->filesystem, O_RDONLY);
 156                 if (fd < 0) {
 157                         warn("Unable to open %s", scan->filesystem);
 158                         rcode = 1;
 159                         continue;
 160                 }
 161
 162                 if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_GET_PSEUDOFS, &pfs) < 0) {
 163                         warn("Filesystem %s is not HAMMER", scan->filesystem);
 164                         rcode = 1;
 165                         close(fd);
 166                         continue;
 167                 }
 168                 scan->prune_min = pfs.ondisk->prune_min;
 169
 170                 /*
 171                  * Incorporate meta-data snapshots into the pruning regimen.
 172                  * If pruning everything we delete the meta-data snapshots.
 173                  */
 174                 if (hammer_softprune_scanmeta(fd, scan, everything_opt) < 0) {
 175                         warn("Filesystem %s could not scan meta-data snaps",
 176                              scan->filesystem);
 177                         rcode = 1;
 178                         close(fd);
 179                         continue;
 180                 }
 181
 182                 /*
 183                  * Finalize operations
 184                  */
 185                 hammer_softprune_finalize(scan);
 186                 if (everything_opt) {
 187                         printf("Prune %s: EVERYTHING\n",
 188                                scan->filesystem);
 189                 } else {
 190                         printf("Prune %s: %d snapshots\n",
 191                                scan->filesystem, scan->prune.nelms);
 192                 }
 193                 if (scan->prune.nelms == 0 &&
 194                     (scan->prune.head.flags & HAMMER_IOC_PRUNE_ALL) == 0) {
 195                         fprintf(stderr, "No snapshots found\n");
 196                         continue;
 197                 }
 198
 199                 printf("Prune %s: objspace %016jx:%04x %016jx:%04x "
 200                        "pfs_id %d\n",
 201                        scan->filesystem,
 202                        (uintmax_t)scan->prune.key_beg.obj_id,
 203                        scan->prune.key_beg.localization,
 204                        (uintmax_t)scan->prune.key_end.obj_id,
 205                        scan->prune.key_end.localization,
 206                        pfs.pfs_id);
 207                 printf("Prune %s: prune_min is %dd/%02d:%02d:%02d\n",
 208                        scan->filesystem,
 209                         pfs.ondisk->prune_min / (24 * 60 * 60),
 210                         pfs.ondisk->prune_min / 60 / 60 % 24,
 211                         pfs.ondisk->prune_min / 60 % 60,
 212                         pfs.ondisk->prune_min % 60);
 213
 214                 RunningIoctl = 1;
 215                 if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_PRUNE, &scan->prune) < 0) {
 216                         printf("Prune %s failed: %s\n",
 217                                scan->filesystem, strerror(errno));
 218                         rcode = 2;
 219                 } else if (scan->prune.head.flags & HAMMER_IOC_HEAD_INTR) {
 220                         printf("Prune %s interrupted by timer at "
 221                                "%016jx %04x\n",
 222                                scan->filesystem,
 223                                (uintmax_t)scan->prune.key_cur.obj_id,
 224                                scan->prune.key_cur.localization);
 225                         if (CyclePath)
 226                                 hammer_set_cycle(&scan->prune.key_cur, 0);
 227                         rcode = 0;
 228                 } else {
 229                         if (CyclePath)
 230                                 hammer_reset_cycle();
 231                         printf("Prune %s succeeded\n", scan->filesystem);
 232                 }
 233                 printf("Pruned %jd/%jd records (%jd directory entries) "
 234                        "and %jd bytes\n",
 235                         (uintmax_t)scan->prune.stat_rawrecords,
 236                         (uintmax_t)scan->prune.stat_scanrecords,
 237                         (uintmax_t)scan->prune.stat_dirrecords,
 238                         (uintmax_t)scan->prune.stat_bytes
 239                 );
 240                 RunningIoctl = 0;
 241                 close(fd);
 242         }
 243         if (rcode)
 244                 exit(rcode);
 245 }
 246
 247 /*
 248  * Scan a directory for softlinks representing snapshots and build
 249  * associated softprune structures.
 250  *
 251  * NOTE: Once a filesystem is completely converted to the meta-data
 252  *       snapshot mechanic we don't have to scan softlinks any more
 253  *       and can just use the meta-data.  But for now we do both.
 254  */
 255 static void
 256 hammer_softprune_scandir(struct softprune **basep,
 257                          struct hammer_ioc_prune *template,
 258                          const char *dirname)
 259 {
 260         struct stat st;
 261         struct dirent *den;
 262         DIR *dir;
 263         char *path;
 264         int len;
 265         char *linkbuf;
 266         char *ptr;
 267
 268         path = NULL;
 269         linkbuf = malloc(MAXPATHLEN);
 270
 271         if ((dir = opendir(dirname)) == NULL) {
 272                 err(1, "Cannot open directory %s", dirname);
 273                 /* not reached */
 274         }
 275         while ((den = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 276                 if (strcmp(den->d_name, ".") == 0)
 277                         continue;
 278                 if (strcmp(den->d_name, "..") == 0)
 279                         continue;
 280                 if (path)
 281                         free(path);
 282                 asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", dirname, den->d_name);
 283                 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
 284                         continue;
 285                 if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
 286                         continue;
 287                 if ((len = readlink(path, linkbuf, MAXPATHLEN - 1)) < 0)
 288                         continue;
 289                 linkbuf[len] = 0;
 290                 if ((ptr = strrchr(linkbuf, '@')) &&
 291                     ptr > linkbuf && ptr[-1] == '@') {
 292                         hammer_softprune_addentry(basep, template,
 293                                                   dirname, den->d_name, &st,
 294                                                   linkbuf, ptr - 1);
 295                 }
 296         }
 297         free(linkbuf);
 298         if (path)
 299                 free(path);
 300 }
 301
 302 /*
 303  * Scan a directory for softlinks representing snapshots.
 304  * Return 1 if the directory contains snapshots, otherwise 0.
 305  */
 306 int
 307 hammer_softprune_testdir(const char *dirname)
 308 {
 309         struct softprune *base = NULL;
 310         struct hammer_ioc_prune dummy_template;
 311
 312         bzero(&dummy_template, sizeof(dummy_template));
 313         hammer_softprune_scandir(&base, &dummy_template, dirname);
 314
 315         if (base)
 316                 return(1);
 317         return(0);
 318 }
 319
 320 /*
 321  * Scan the metadata snapshots for the filesystem and either delete them
 322  * or add them to the pruning list.
 323  */
 324 static
 325 int
 326 hammer_softprune_scanmeta(int fd, struct softprune *scan, int delete_all)
 327 {
 328         struct hammer_ioc_version       version;
 329         struct hammer_ioc_snapshot      snapshot;
 330         struct hammer_ioc_snapshot      dsnapshot;
 331         hammer_snapshot_data_t          snap;
 332         time_t ct;
 333
 334         /*
 335          * Stop if we can't get the version.  Meta-data snapshots only
 336          * exist for HAMMER version 3 or greater.
 337          */
 338         bzero(&version, sizeof(version));
 339         if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_GET_VERSION, &version) < 0)
 340                 return(-1);
 341         HammerVersion = version.cur_version;
 342         if (version.cur_version < 3)
 343                 return(0);
 344
 345         bzero(&snapshot, sizeof(snapshot));
 346         bzero(&dsnapshot, sizeof(dsnapshot));
 347
 348         /*
 349          * Scan meta-data snapshots, either add them to the prune list or
 350          * delete them.  When deleting, just skip any entries which cannot
 351          * be deleted.
 352          */
 353         for (;;) {
 354                 if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_GET_SNAPSHOT, &snapshot) < 0) {
 355                         printf("hammer prune: Unable to access "
 356                                "meta-data snaps: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 357                         return(-1);
 358                 }
 359                 while (snapshot.index < snapshot.count) {
 360                         snap = &snapshot.snaps[snapshot.index];
 361                         if (delete_all) {
 362                                 dsnapshot.snaps[dsnapshot.count++] = *snap;
 363                                 if (dsnapshot.count == HAMMER_SNAPS_PER_IOCTL)
 364                                         hammer_meta_flushdelete(fd, &dsnapshot);
 365                         } else {
 366                                 ct = snap->ts / 1000000ULL;
 367                                 hammer_softprune_addelm(scan, snap->tid,
 368                                                         ct, ct);
 369                         }
 370                         ++snapshot.index;
 371                 }
 372                 if (snapshot.head.flags & HAMMER_IOC_SNAPSHOT_EOF)
 373                         break;
 374                 snapshot.index = 0;
 375         }
 376         if (delete_all)
 377                 hammer_meta_flushdelete(fd, &dsnapshot);
 378         return(0);
 379 }
 380
 381 /*
 382  * Flush any entries built up in the deletion snapshot ioctl structure.
 383  * Used during a prune-everything.
 384  */
 385 static void
 386 hammer_meta_flushdelete(int fd, struct hammer_ioc_snapshot *dsnap)
 387 {
 388         while (dsnap->index < dsnap->count) {
 389                 if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_DEL_SNAPSHOT, dsnap) < 0)
 390                         break;
 391                 if (dsnap->head.error == 0)
 392                         break;
 393                 ++dsnap->index;
 394         }
 395         dsnap->index = 0;
 396         dsnap->count = 0;
 397 }
 398
 399 /*
 400  * Add the softlink to the appropriate softprune structure, creating a new
 401  * one if necessary.
 402  */
 403 static
 404 struct softprune *
 405 hammer_softprune_addentry(struct softprune **basep,
 406                          struct hammer_ioc_prune *template,
 407                          const char *dirpath, const char *denname __unused,
 408                          struct stat *st,
 409                          const char *linkbuf, const char *tidptr)
 410 {
 411         struct softprune *scan;
 412         struct statfs fs;
 413         char *fspath;
 414
 415         /*
 416          * Calculate filesystem path.
 417          */
 418         if (linkbuf[0] == '/') {
 419                 asprintf(&fspath, "%*.*s",
 420                          (int)(tidptr - linkbuf), (int)(tidptr - linkbuf),
 421                          linkbuf);
 422         } else {
 423                 asprintf(&fspath, "%s/%*.*s", dirpath,
 424                          (int)(tidptr - linkbuf), (int)(tidptr - linkbuf),
 425                          linkbuf);
 426         }
 427         if (statfs(fspath, &fs) < 0) {
 428                 free(fspath);
 429                 return(NULL);
 430         }
 431
 432         /*
 433          * Locate the filesystem in an existing softprune structure
 434          */
 435         for (scan = *basep; scan; scan = scan->next) {
 436                 if (bcmp(&fs.f_fsid, &scan->fs.f_fsid, sizeof(fs.f_fsid)) != 0)
 437                         continue;
 438                 if (strcmp(fs.f_mntonname, scan->fs.f_mntonname) != 0)
 439                         continue;
 440                 break;
 441         }
 442
 443         /*
 444          * Create a new softprune structure if necessasry
 445          */
 446         if (scan == NULL) {
 447                 scan = malloc(sizeof(*scan));
 448                 bzero(scan, sizeof(*scan));
 449
 450                 scan->fs = fs;
 451                 scan->filesystem = fspath;
 452                 scan->prune = *template;
 453                 scan->maxelms = 32;
 454                 scan->prune.elms = malloc(sizeof(struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm) *
 455                                           scan->maxelms);
 456                 scan->next = *basep;
 457                 *basep = scan;
 458         } else {
 459                 free(fspath);
 460         }
 461         hammer_softprune_addelm(scan,
 462                                 (hammer_tid_t)strtoull(tidptr + 2, NULL, 0),
 463                                 (st ? st->st_ctime : 0),
 464                                 (st ? st->st_mtime : 0));
 465         return(scan);
 466 }
 467
 468 /*
 469  * Add the entry (unsorted).  Just set the beg_tid, we will sort
 470  * and set the remaining entries later.
 471  *
 472  * Always leave one entry free for our terminator.
 473  */
 474 static void
 475 hammer_softprune_addelm(struct softprune *scan, hammer_tid_t tid,
 476                         time_t ct, time_t mt)
 477 {
 478         struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm *elm;
 479
 480         if (scan->prune.nelms >= scan->maxelms - 1) {
 481                 scan->maxelms = (scan->maxelms * 3 / 2);
 482                 scan->prune.elms = realloc(scan->prune.elms,
 483                                            sizeof(*elm) * scan->maxelms);
 484         }
 485
 486         /*
 487          * NOTE: Temporarily store the snapshot timestamp in mod_tid.
 488          *       This will be cleaned up in the finalization phase.
 489          */
 490         elm = &scan->prune.elms[scan->prune.nelms];
 491         elm->beg_tid = tid;
 492         elm->end_tid = 0;
 493         elm->mod_tid = 0;
 494         if (ct < mt)
 495                 elm->mod_tid = ct;
 496         else
 497                 elm->mod_tid = mt;
 498         ++scan->prune.nelms;
 499 }
 500
 501 /*
 502  * Finalize a softprune structure after scanning in its softlinks.
 503  * Sort the elements, remove duplicates, and then fill in end_tid and
 504  * mod_tid.
 505  *
 506  * The array must end up in descending order.
 507  */
 508 static int
 509 hammer_softprune_qsort_cmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 510 {
 511         const struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm *elm1 = arg1;
 512         const struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm *elm2 = arg2;
 513
 514         if (elm1->beg_tid < elm2->beg_tid)
 515                 return(1);
 516         if (elm1->beg_tid > elm2->beg_tid)
 517                 return(-1);
 518         return(0);
 519 }
 520
 521 static void
 522 hammer_softprune_finalize(struct softprune *scan)
 523 {
 524         struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm *elm;
 525         time_t t;
 526         long delta;
 527         int i;
 528
 529         /*
 530          * Don't do anything if there are no elements.
 531          */
 532         if (scan->prune.nelms == 0)
 533                 return;
 534
 535         /*
 536          * Sort the elements in descending order, remove duplicates, and
 537          * fill in any missing bits.
 538          */
 539         qsort(scan->prune.elms, scan->prune.nelms, sizeof(*elm),
 540               hammer_softprune_qsort_cmp);
 541
 542         for (i = 0; i < scan->prune.nelms; ++i) {
 543                 elm = &scan->prune.elms[i];
 544                 if (i == 0) {
 545                         /*
 546                          * First (highest TID) (also last if only one element)
 547                          */
 548                         elm->end_tid = HAMMER_MAX_TID;
 549                 } else if (elm[0].beg_tid == elm[-1].beg_tid) {
 550                         /*
 551                          * Remove duplicate
 552                          */
 553                         --scan->prune.nelms;
 554                         if (i != scan->prune.nelms) {
 555                                 bcopy(elm + 1, elm,
 556                                       (scan->prune.nelms - i) * sizeof(*elm));
 557                         }
 558                         --i;
 559                         continue;
 560                 } else {
 561                         /*
 562                          * Middle or last.
 563                          */
 564                         elm->end_tid = elm[-1].beg_tid;
 565                 }
 566         }
 567
 568         /*
 569          * If a minimum retention time (in seconds) is configured for the
 570          * PFS, remove any snapshots from the pruning list that are within
 571          * the period.
 572          */
 573         if (scan->prune_min) {
 574                 t = time(NULL);
 575                 for (i = scan->prune.nelms - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
 576                         elm = &scan->prune.elms[i];
 577                         if (elm->mod_tid == 0)
 578                                 continue;
 579                         delta = (long)(t - (time_t)elm->mod_tid);
 580                         if (delta < scan->prune_min)
 581                                 break;
 582                 }
 583                 ++i;
 584                 if (i) {
 585                         printf("Prune %s: prune_min: Will not clean between "
 586                                "the teeth of the first %d snapshots\n",
 587                                scan->filesystem, i);
 588                         bcopy(&scan->prune.elms[i], &scan->prune.elms[0],
 589                               (scan->prune.nelms - i) * sizeof(scan->prune.elms[0]));
 590                         scan->prune.elms[0].end_tid = HAMMER_MAX_TID;
 591                         scan->prune.nelms -= i;
 592                 }
 593         }
 594
 595         /*
 596          * Remove the first entry.  This entry represents the prune from
 597          * the most recent snapshot to current.  We wish to retain the
 598          * fine-grained history for this region.
 599          */
 600         if (scan->prune.nelms) {
 601                 bcopy(&scan->prune.elms[1], &scan->prune.elms[0],
 602                       (scan->prune.nelms - 1) * sizeof(scan->prune.elms[0]));
 603                 --scan->prune.nelms;
 604         }
 605
 606         /*
 607          * Add a final element to prune everything from transaction id
 608          * 0 to the lowest transaction id (aka last so far).
 609          */
 610         if (scan->prune.nelms) {
 611                 assert(scan->prune.nelms < scan->maxelms);
 612                 elm = &scan->prune.elms[scan->prune.nelms];
 613                 elm->beg_tid = 1;
 614                 elm->end_tid = elm[-1].beg_tid;
 615                 ++scan->prune.nelms;
 616         }
 617
 618         /*
 619          * Adjust mod_tid to what the ioctl() expects.
 620          */
 621         for (i = 0; i < scan->prune.nelms; ++i) {
 622                 elm = &scan->prune.elms[i];
 623                 elm->mod_tid = elm->end_tid - elm->beg_tid;
 624                 printf("TID %016jx - %016jx\n",
 625                        (uintmax_t)elm->beg_tid, (uintmax_t)elm->end_tid);
 626         }
 627 }
 628
 629 static
 630 void
 631 softprune_usage(int code)
 632 {
 633         fprintf(stderr, "Badly formed prune command, use:\n");
 634         fprintf(stderr, "hammer prune <softlink-dir>\n");
 635         fprintf(stderr, "hammer prune-everything <filesystem>\n");
 636         exit(code);
 637 }
 638