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32 .\" @(#)su.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/su/su.1,v 1.41 2008/07/01 20:56:23 danger Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/su/su.1,v 1.6 2007/03/25 11:35:11 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd substitute user identity
47 .Op Ar login Op Ar args
51 utility requests appropriate user credentials via PAM
52 and switches to that user ID
53 (the default user is the superuser).
54 A shell is then executed.
56 PAM is used to set the policy
59 In particular, by default only users in the
61 group can switch to UID 0
63 This group requirement may be changed by modifying the
69 for details on how to modify this setting.
71 By default, the environment is unmodified with the exception of
79 are set to the target login's default values.
81 is set to the target login, unless the target login has a user ID of 0,
82 in which case it is unmodified.
83 The invoked shell is the one belonging to the target login.
84 This is the traditional behavior of
86 Resource limits and session priority applicable to the original user's
89 are also normally retained unless the target login has a user ID of 0.
91 The options are as follows:
94 If the invoked shell is
96 this option prevents it from reading the
100 Simulate a full login.
101 The environment is discarded except for
111 are modified as above.
113 is set to the target login.
116 .Dq Pa /bin:/usr/bin .
118 is imported from your current environment.
119 Environment variables may be set or overridden from the login class
120 capabilities database according to the class of the target login.
121 The invoked shell is the target login's, and
123 will change directory to the target login's home directory.
124 Resource limits and session priority are modified to that for the
125 target account's login class.
127 (no letter) The same as
130 Leave the environment unmodified.
131 The invoked shell is your login shell, and no directory changes are made.
132 As a security precaution, if the target user's shell is a non-standard
135 and the caller's real uid is
140 Use the settings of the specified login class.
141 Only allowed for the super-user.
150 options are mutually exclusive; the last one specified
151 overrides any previous ones.
155 are provided on the command line, they are passed to the login shell of
157 Note that all command line arguments before the target login name are
160 itself, everything after the target login name gets passed to the login
163 By default (unless the prompt is reset by a startup file) the super-user
166 to remind one of its awesome power.
168 Environment variables used by
172 Default home directory of real user ID unless modified as
175 Default search path of real user ID unless modified as specified above.
177 Provides terminal type which may be retained for the substituted
180 The user ID is always the effective ID (the target user ID) after an
182 unless the user ID is 0 (root).
185 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/pam.d/su" -compact
187 PAM configuration for
191 .Bl -tag -width 5n -compact
192 .It Li "su -m man -c catman"
197 You will be asked for man's password unless your real UID is 0.
200 option is required since user
202 does not have a valid shell by default.
203 .It Li "su -m man -c 'catman /usr/share/man /usr/local/man /usr/pkg/xorg/man'"
204 Same as above, but the target command consists of more than a
205 single word and hence is quoted for use with the
207 option being passed to the shell.
208 (Most shells expect the argument to
210 to be a single word).
211 .It Li "su -m -c staff man -c 'catman /usr/share/man /usr/local/man /usr/pkg/xorg/man'"
212 Same as above, but the target command is run with the resource limits of
215 Note: in this example, the first
219 while the second is an argument to the shell being invoked.
221 Simulate a login for user foo.
225 Simulate a login for root.