usr.bin/printf/printf.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   7  * are met:
   8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
  14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
  15  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
  16  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
  17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  19  *    without specific prior written permission.
  20  *
  21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  32  *
  33  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  34  * @(#)printf.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/20/93
  35  * $FreeBSD: /usr/local/www/cvsroot/FreeBSD/src/usr.bin/printf/printf.c,v 1.27 2004/03/07 22:22:13 cperciva Exp $
  36  * $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/printf/printf.c,v 1.7 2007/01/21 00:24:55 swildner Exp $
  37  */
  38
  39 #include <sys/types.h>
  40
  41 #include <err.h>
  42 #include <errno.h>
  43 #include <limits.h>
  44 #include <stdio.h>
  45 #include <stdlib.h>
  46 #include <string.h>
  47 #include <unistd.h>
  48
  49 #ifdef SHELL
  50 #define main printfcmd
  51 #include "bltin/bltin.h"
  52 #include "memalloc.h"
  53 #else
  54 #define warnx1(a, b, c)         warnx(a)
  55 #define warnx2(a, b, c)         warnx(a, b)
  56 #define warnx3(a, b, c)         warnx(a, b, c)
  57 #endif
  58
  59 #ifndef BUILTIN
  60 #include <locale.h>
  61 #endif
  62
  63 #define PF(f, func) do { \
  64         char *b = NULL; \
  65         if (fieldwidth) \
  66                 if (precision) \
  67                         asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
  68                 else \
  69                         asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, func); \
  70         else if (precision) \
  71                 asprintf(&b, f, precision, func); \
  72         else \
  73                 asprintf(&b, f, func); \
  74         if (b) { \
  75                 fputs(b, stdout); \
  76                 free(b); \
  77         } \
  78 } while (0)
  79
  80 static int       asciicode(void);
  81 static int       escape(char *);
  82 static int       getchr(void);
  83 static int       getdouble(double *);
  84 static int       getint(int *);
  85 static int       getlonglongs(long long *, unsigned long long *, int);
  86 static const char
  87                 *getstr(void);
  88 static char     *mkquad(char *, int);
  89 static void      usage(void);
  90
  91 static char **gargv;
  92
  93 int
  94 #ifdef BUILTIN
  95 progprintf(int argc, char **argv)
  96 #else
  97 main(int argc, char **argv)
  98 #endif
  99 {
 100         static const char *skip1, *skip2;
 101         int ch, chopped, end, fieldwidth, precision, rval;
 102         char convch, nextch, *format, *fmt, *start;
 103
 104 #ifndef BUILTIN
 105         setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
 106 #endif
 107         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != -1)
 108                 switch (ch) {
 109                 case '?':
 110                 default:
 111                         usage();
 112                         return (1);
 113                 }
 114         argc -= optind;
 115         argv += optind;
 116
 117         if (argc < 1) {
 118                 usage();
 119                 return (1);
 120         }
 121
 122         /*
 123          * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
 124          * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
 125          * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.  Note,
 126          * format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided
 127          * arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use
 128          * up the format string.
 129          */
 130         skip1 = "#-+ 0";
 131         skip2 = "0123456789";
 132
 133         chopped = escape(fmt = format = *argv); /* backslash interpretation */
 134         rval = 0;
 135         gargv = ++argv;
 136         for (;;) {
 137                 end = 0;
 138                 /* find next format specification */
 139 next:           for (start = fmt;; ++fmt) {
 140                         if (!*fmt) {
 141                                 /* avoid infinite loop */
 142                                 if (chopped) {
 143                                         printf("%s", start);
 144                                         return (rval);
 145                                 }
 146                                 if (end == 1) {
 147                                         warnx1("missing format character",
 148                                             NULL, NULL);
 149                                         return (1);
 150                                 }
 151                                 end = 1;
 152                                 if (fmt > start)
 153                                         printf("%s", start);
 154                                 if (!*gargv)
 155                                         return (rval);
 156                                 fmt = format;
 157                                 goto next;
 158                         }
 159                         /* %% prints a % */
 160                         if (*fmt == '%') {
 161                                 if (*++fmt != '%')
 162                                         break;
 163                                 *fmt++ = '\0';
 164                                 printf("%s", start);
 165                                 goto next;
 166                         }
 167                 }
 168
 169                 /* skip to field width */
 170                 for (; strchr(skip1, *fmt); ++fmt);
 171                 if (*fmt == '*') {
 172                         if (getint(&fieldwidth))
 173                                 return (1);
 174                         ++fmt;
 175                 } else {
 176                         fieldwidth = 0;
 177
 178                         /* skip to possible '.', get following precision */
 179                         for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
 180                 }
 181                 if (*fmt == '.') {
 182                         /* precision present? */
 183                         ++fmt;
 184                         if (*fmt == '*') {
 185                                 if (getint(&precision))
 186                                         return (1);
 187                                 ++fmt;
 188                         } else {
 189                                 precision = 0;
 190
 191                                 /* skip to conversion char */
 192                                 for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
 193                         }
 194                 } else
 195                         precision = 0;
 196                 if (!*fmt) {
 197                         warnx1("missing format character", NULL, NULL);
 198                         return (1);
 199                 }
 200
 201                 convch = *fmt;
 202                 nextch = *++fmt;
 203                 *fmt = '\0';
 204                 switch(convch) {
 205                 case 'b': {
 206                         char *p;
 207                         int getout;
 208
 209 #ifdef SHELL
 210                         p = savestr(getstr());
 211 #else
 212                         p = strdup(getstr());
 213 #endif
 214                         if (p == NULL) {
 215                                 warnx2("%s", strerror(ENOMEM), NULL);
 216                                 return (1);
 217                         }
 218                         getout = escape(p);
 219                         *(fmt - 1) = 's';
 220                         PF(start, p);
 221                         *(fmt - 1) = 'b';
 222 #ifdef SHELL
 223                         ckfree(p);
 224 #else
 225                         free(p);
 226 #endif
 227                         if (getout)
 228                                 return (rval);
 229                         break;
 230                 }
 231                 case 'c': {
 232                         char p;
 233
 234                         p = getchr();
 235                         PF(start, p);
 236                         break;
 237                 }
 238                 case 's': {
 239                         const char *p;
 240
 241                         p = getstr();
 242                         PF(start, p);
 243                         break;
 244                 }
 245                 case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
 246                         char *f;
 247                         long long val;
 248                         unsigned long long uval;
 249                         int signedconv;
 250
 251                         signedconv = (convch == 'd' || convch == 'i');
 252                         if ((f = mkquad(start, convch)) == NULL)
 253                                 return (1);
 254                         if (getlonglongs(&val, &uval, signedconv))
 255                                 rval = 1;
 256                         if (signedconv)
 257                                 PF(f, val);
 258                         else
 259                                 PF(f, uval);
 260                         break;
 261                 }
 262                 case 'e': case 'E': case 'f': case 'g': case 'G': {
 263                         double p;
 264
 265                         if (getdouble(&p))
 266                                 rval = 1;
 267                         PF(start, p);
 268                         break;
 269                 }
 270                 default:
 271                         warnx2("illegal format character %c", convch, NULL);
 272                         return (1);
 273                 }
 274                 *fmt = nextch;
 275         }
 276         /* NOTREACHED */
 277 }
 278
 279 static char *
 280 mkquad(char *str, int ch)
 281 {
 282         static char *copy;
 283         static size_t copy_size;
 284         char *newcopy;
 285         size_t len, newlen;
 286
 287         len = strlen(str) + 2;
 288         if (len > copy_size) {
 289                 newlen = ((len + 1023) >> 10) << 10;
 290 #ifdef SHELL
 291                 if ((newcopy = ckrealloc(copy, newlen)) == NULL)
 292 #else
 293                 if ((newcopy = realloc(copy, newlen)) == NULL)
 294 #endif
 295                 {
 296                         warnx2("%s", strerror(ENOMEM), NULL);
 297                         return (NULL);
 298                 }
 299                 copy = newcopy;
 300                 copy_size = newlen;
 301         }
 302
 303         memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
 304         copy[len - 3] = 'q';
 305         copy[len - 2] = ch;
 306         copy[len - 1] = '\0';
 307         return (copy);
 308 }
 309
 310 static int
 311 escape(char *fmt)
 312 {
 313         char *store;
 314         int value, c;
 315
 316         for (store = fmt; (c = *fmt); ++fmt, ++store) {
 317                 if (c != '\\') {
 318                         *store = c;
 319                         continue;
 320                 }
 321                 switch (*++fmt) {
 322                 case '\0':              /* EOS, user error */
 323                         *store = '\\';
 324                         *++store = '\0';
 325                         return (0);
 326                 case '\\':              /* backslash */
 327                 case '\'':              /* single quote */
 328                         *store = *fmt;
 329                         break;
 330                 case 'a':               /* bell/alert */
 331                         *store = '\7';
 332                         break;
 333                 case 'b':               /* backspace */
 334                         *store = '\b';
 335                         break;
 336                 case 'c':
 337                         *store = '\0';
 338                         return (1);
 339                 case 'f':               /* form-feed */
 340                         *store = '\f';
 341                         break;
 342                 case 'n':               /* newline */
 343                         *store = '\n';
 344                         break;
 345                 case 'r':               /* carriage-return */
 346                         *store = '\r';
 347                         break;
 348                 case 't':               /* horizontal tab */
 349                         *store = '\t';
 350                         break;
 351                 case 'v':               /* vertical tab */
 352                         *store = '\13';
 353                         break;
 354                                         /* octal constant */
 355                 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
 356                 case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
 357                         for (c = *fmt == '0' ? 4 : 3, value = 0;
 358                             c-- && *fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '7'; ++fmt) {
 359                                 value <<= 3;
 360                                 value += *fmt - '0';
 361                         }
 362                         --fmt;
 363                         *store = value;
 364                         break;
 365                 default:
 366                         *store = *fmt;
 367                         break;
 368                 }
 369         }
 370         *store = '\0';
 371         return (0);
 372 }
 373
 374 static int
 375 getchr(void)
 376 {
 377         if (!*gargv)
 378                 return ('\0');
 379         return ((int)**gargv++);
 380 }
 381
 382 static const char *
 383 getstr(void)
 384 {
 385         if (!*gargv)
 386                 return ("");
 387         return (*gargv++);
 388 }
 389
 390 static int
 391 getint(int *ip)
 392 {
 393         long long val;
 394         unsigned long long uval;
 395         int rval;
 396
 397         if (getlonglongs(&val, &uval, 1))
 398                 return (1);
 399         rval = 0;
 400         if (val < INT_MIN || val > INT_MAX) {
 401                 warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
 402                 rval = 1;
 403         }
 404         *ip = (int)val;
 405         return (rval);
 406 }
 407
 408 static int
 409 getlonglongs(long long *qp, unsigned long long *uqp, int signedconv)
 410 {
 411         char *ep;
 412         int rval;
 413
 414         if (!*gargv) {
 415                 *qp = 0;
 416                 return (0);
 417         }
 418         if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') {
 419                 if (signedconv)
 420                         *qp = asciicode();
 421                 else
 422                         *uqp = asciicode();
 423                 return (0);
 424         }
 425         rval = 0;
 426         errno = 0;
 427         if (signedconv)
 428                 *qp = strtoll(*gargv, &ep, 0);
 429         else
 430                 *uqp = strtoull(*gargv, &ep, 0);
 431         if (ep == *gargv) {
 432                 warnx2("%s: expected numeric value", *gargv, NULL);
 433                 rval = 1;
 434         }
 435         else if (*ep != '\0') {
 436                 warnx2("%s: not completely converted", *gargv, NULL);
 437                 rval = 1;
 438         }
 439         if (errno == ERANGE) {
 440                 warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
 441                 rval = 1;
 442         }
 443         ++gargv;
 444         return (rval);
 445 }
 446
 447 static int
 448 getdouble(double *dp)
 449 {
 450         char *ep;
 451         int rval;
 452
 453         if (!*gargv)
 454                 *dp = 0.0;
 455                 return (0);
 456         if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') {
 457                 *dp = asciicode();
 458                 return (0);
 459         }
 460         rval = 0;
 461         errno = 0;
 462         *dp = strtod(*gargv, &ep);
 463         if (ep == *gargv) {
 464                 warnx2("%s: expected numeric value", *gargv, NULL);
 465                 rval = 1;
 466         } else if (*ep != '\0') {
 467                 warnx2("%s: not completely converted", *gargv, NULL);
 468                 rval = 1;
 469         }
 470         if (errno == ERANGE) {
 471                 warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
 472                 rval = 1;
 473         }
 474         ++gargv;
 475         return (rval);
 476 }
 477
 478 static int
 479 asciicode(void)
 480 {
 481         int ch;
 482
 483         ch = **gargv;
 484         if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"')
 485                 ch = (*gargv)[1];
 486         ++gargv;
 487         return (ch);
 488 }
 489
 490 static void
 491 usage(void)
 492 {
 493         fprintf(stderr, "usage: printf format [arg ...]\n");
 494 }