1 .\" Copyright
(c
) 1980, 1993
2 .\" The Regents
of the University
of California
. All rights reserved
.
4 .\" Redistribution
and use in source
and binary forms
, with or without
5 .\" modification
, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions
of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice
, this list
of conditions
and the following disclaimer
.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions
in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice
, this list
of conditions
and the following disclaimer
in the
11 .\" documentation
and/or other materials provided
with the distribution
.
12 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features
or use of this software
13 .\" must display the following acknowledgement
:
14 .\" This product includes software developed by the University
of
15 .\" California
, Berkeley
and its contributors
.
16 .\" 4. Neither the name
of the University nor the names
of its contributors
17 .\" may be used to endorse
or promote products derived from this software
18 .\" without specific prior written permission
.
20 .\" THIS SOFTWARE
IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS
AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS
IS'' AND
21 .\" ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES
, INCLUDING
, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO
, THE
22 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED
. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT
, INDIRECT
, INCIDENTAL
, SPECIAL
, EXEMPLARY
, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 .\" DAMAGES
(INCLUDING
, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO
, PROCUREMENT
OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 .\" OR SERVICES
; LOSS
OF USE, DATA
, OR PROFITS
; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION
)
27 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED
AND ON ANY THEORY
OF LIABILITY
, WHETHER
IN CONTRACT
, STRICT
28 .\" LIABILITY
, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
OR OTHERWISE
) ARISING
IN ANY WAY
29 .\" OUT OF THE
USE OF THIS SOFTWARE
, EVEN
IF ADVISED
OF THE POSSIBILITY
OF
32 .\" @
(#
)csh
.a
8.1 (Berkeley
) 6/8/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD
: src
/bin
/csh
/USD
.doc
/csh
.a
,v
1.5.2.1 2000/11/27 08:51:33 ru Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly
: src
/bin
/csh
/USD
.doc
/csh
.a
,v
1.2 2003/06/17 04:22:49 dillon Exp $
37 Appendix
\- Special characters
39 The following table lists the special characters
of
41 and the
\s-2UNIX
\s0 system
, giving
for each the section
(s
) in which it
43 A number
of these characters also have special meaning
in expressions
.
50 Syntactic metacharacters
52 ; 2.4 separates commands to be executed sequentially
53 |
1.5 separates commands
in a pipeline
54 ( ) 2.2,3.6 brackets expressions
and variable values
55 & 2.5 follows commands to be executed without waiting
for completion
58 Filename metacharacters
60 / 1.6 separates components
of a file
's pathname
61 \&. 1.6 separates root parts
of a file name from extensions
62 ?
1.6 expansion
character matching any single
character
63 * 1.6 expansion
character matching any sequence
of characters
64 [ ] 1.6 expansion sequence matching any single
character from a set
65 ~
1.6 used
at the beginning
of a filename to indicate home directories
66 { } 4.2 used to specify groups
of arguments
with common parts
69 Quotation metacharacters
71 \e 1.7 prevents meta
-meaning
of following single
character
72 \
' 1.7 prevents meta-meaning of a group of characters
73 " 4.3 like \', but allows variable
and command expansion
76 Input
/output metacharacters
78 < 1.5 indicates redirected input
79 > 1.3 indicates redirected output
82 Expansion
/substitution metacharacters
84 $
3.4 indicates variable substitution
85 ! 2.3 indicates history substitution
86 : 3.6 precedes substitution modifiers
87 ^
2.3 used
in special forms
of history substitution
88 \` 4.3 indicates command substitution
93 #
1.3,3.6 begins scratch file names
; indicates shell comments
94 \- 1.2 prefixes option
(flag
) arguments to commands
95 % 2.6 prefixes job name specifications