usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   7  * are met:
   8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
  14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
  15  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
  16  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
  17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  19  *    without specific prior written permission.
  20  *
  21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  32  *
  33  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  34  * @(#)vmstat.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
  35  * $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c,v 1.38.2.4 2001/07/31 19:52:41 tmm Exp $
  36  * $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c,v 1.23 2008/02/19 18:19:15 thomas Exp $
  37  */
  38
  39 #define _KERNEL_STRUCTURES
  40
  41 #include <sys/param.h>
  42 #include <sys/time.h>
  43 #include <sys/user.h>
  44 #include <sys/uio.h>
  45 #include <sys/namei.h>
  46 #include <sys/malloc.h>
  47 #include <sys/signal.h>
  48 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
  49 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  50 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  51 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
  52
  53 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
  54
  55 #include <ctype.h>
  56 #include <err.h>
  57 #include <errno.h>
  58 #include <kinfo.h>
  59 #include <kvm.h>
  60 #include <limits.h>
  61 #include <nlist.h>
  62 #include <paths.h>
  63 #include <stdio.h>
  64 #include <stdlib.h>
  65 #include <string.h>
  66 #include <sysexits.h>
  67 #include <time.h>
  68 #include <unistd.h>
  69 #include <devstat.h>
  70
  71 static struct nlist namelist[] = {
  72 #define X_BOOTTIME      0
  73         { "_boottime",  0, 0, 0, 0 },
  74 #define X_NCHSTATS      1
  75         { "_nchstats",  0, 0, 0, 0 },
  76 #define X_KMEMSTATISTICS        2
  77         { "_kmemstatistics",    0, 0, 0, 0 },
  78 #define X_ZLIST         3
  79         { "_zlist",     0, 0, 0, 0 },
  80 #ifdef notyet
  81 #define X_DEFICIT       4
  82         { "_deficit",   0, 0, 0, 0 },
  83 #define X_FORKSTAT      5
  84         { "_forkstat",  0, 0, 0, 0 },
  85 #define X_REC           6
  86         { "_rectime",   0, 0, 0, 0 },
  87 #define X_PGIN          7
  88         { "_pgintime",  0, 0, 0, 0 },
  89 #define X_XSTATS        8
  90         { "_xstats",    0, 0, 0, 0 },
  91 #define X_END           9
  92 #else
  93 #define X_END           4
  94 #endif
  95         { "", 0, 0, 0, 0 },
  96 };
  97
  98 struct statinfo cur, last;
  99 int num_devices, maxshowdevs;
 100 long generation;
 101 struct device_selection *dev_select;
 102 int num_selected;
 103 struct devstat_match *matches;
 104 int num_matches = 0;
 105 int num_devices_specified, num_selections;
 106 long select_generation;
 107 char **specified_devices;
 108 devstat_select_mode select_mode;
 109
 110 struct  vmmeter vmm, ovmm;
 111 struct  vmstats vms, ovms;
 112
 113 int     winlines = 20;
 114 int     nflag = 0;
 115 int     verbose = 0;
 116
 117 kvm_t *kd;
 118
 119 struct kinfo_cputime cp_time, old_cp_time, diff_cp_time;
 120
 121 #define FORKSTAT        0x01
 122 #define INTRSTAT        0x02
 123 #define MEMSTAT         0x04
 124 #define SUMSTAT         0x08
 125 #define TIMESTAT        0x10
 126 #define VMSTAT          0x20
 127 #define ZMEMSTAT        0x40
 128
 129 static void cpustats(void);
 130 static void dointr(void);
 131 static void domem(void);
 132 static void dosum(void);
 133 static void dozmem(void);
 134 static void dovmstat(u_int, int);
 135 static void kread(int, void *, size_t);
 136 static void usage(void);
 137 static char **getdrivedata(char **);
 138 static long getuptime(void);
 139 static void needhdr(int);
 140 static long pct(long, long);
 141
 142 #ifdef notyet
 143 static void dotimes(void); /* Not implemented */
 144 static void doforkst(void);
 145 #endif
 146 static void printhdr(void);
 147 static void devstats(void);
 148
 149 int
 150 main(int argc, char **argv)
 151 {
 152         int c, todo;
 153         u_int interval;         /* milliseconds */
 154         int reps;
 155         char *memf, *nlistf;
 156         char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
 157
 158         memf = nlistf = NULL;
 159         interval = reps = todo = 0;
 160         maxshowdevs = 2;
 161         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:fiM:mN:n:p:stvw:z")) != -1) {
 162                 switch (c) {
 163                 case 'c':
 164                         reps = atoi(optarg);
 165                         break;
 166                 case 'f':
 167 #ifdef notyet
 168                         todo |= FORKSTAT;
 169 #else
 170                         errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -f is not (re)implemented yet");
 171 #endif
 172                         break;
 173                 case 'i':
 174                         todo |= INTRSTAT;
 175                         break;
 176                 case 'M':
 177                         memf = optarg;
 178                         break;
 179                 case 'm':
 180                         todo |= MEMSTAT;
 181                         break;
 182                 case 'N':
 183                         nlistf = optarg;
 184                         break;
 185                 case 'n':
 186                         nflag = 1;
 187                         maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
 188                         if (maxshowdevs < 0)
 189                                 errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
 190                                      maxshowdevs);
 191                         break;
 192                 case 'p':
 193                         if (buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
 194                                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 195                         break;
 196                 case 's':
 197                         todo |= SUMSTAT;
 198                         break;
 199                 case 't':
 200 #ifdef notyet
 201                         todo |= TIMESTAT;
 202 #else
 203                         errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -t is not (re)implemented yet");
 204 #endif
 205                         break;
 206                 case 'v':
 207                         ++verbose;
 208                         break;
 209                 case 'w':
 210                         interval = (u_int)(strtod(optarg, NULL) * 1000.0);
 211                         break;
 212                 case 'z':
 213                         todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
 214                         break;
 215                 default:
 216                         usage();
 217                 }
 218         }
 219         argc -= optind;
 220         argv += optind;
 221
 222         if (todo == 0)
 223                 todo = VMSTAT;
 224
 225         /*
 226          * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
 227          * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
 228          */
 229         if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL)
 230                 setgid(getgid());
 231
 232         kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
 233         if (kd == 0)
 234                 errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
 235
 236         if ((c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
 237                 if (c > 0) {
 238                         warnx("undefined symbols:");
 239                         for (c = 0; c < (int)__arysize(namelist); c++)
 240                                 if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
 241                                         fprintf(stderr, " %s",
 242                                             namelist[c].n_name);
 243                         fputc('\n', stderr);
 244                 } else
 245                         warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
 246                 exit(1);
 247         }
 248
 249         if (todo & VMSTAT) {
 250                 struct winsize winsize;
 251
 252                 /*
 253                  * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
 254                  * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
 255                  * message informing the user of his mistake.
 256                  */
 257                 if (checkversion() < 0)
 258                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 259
 260
 261                 argv = getdrivedata(argv);
 262                 winsize.ws_row = 0;
 263                 ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&winsize);
 264                 if (winsize.ws_row > 0)
 265                         winlines = winsize.ws_row;
 266
 267         }
 268
 269 #define BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
 270 #ifdef  BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
 271         if (*argv) {
 272                 interval = (u_int)(strtod(*argv, NULL) * 1000.0);
 273                 if (*++argv)
 274                         reps = atoi(*argv);
 275         }
 276 #endif
 277
 278         if (interval) {
 279                 if (!reps)
 280                         reps = -1;
 281         } else if (reps) {
 282                 interval = 1000;
 283         }
 284
 285 #ifdef notyet
 286         if (todo & FORKSTAT)
 287                 doforkst();
 288 #endif
 289         if (todo & MEMSTAT)
 290                 domem();
 291         if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
 292                 dozmem();
 293         if (todo & SUMSTAT)
 294                 dosum();
 295 #ifdef notyet
 296         if (todo & TIMESTAT)
 297                 dotimes();
 298 #endif
 299         if (todo & INTRSTAT)
 300                 dointr();
 301         if (todo & VMSTAT)
 302                 dovmstat(interval, reps);
 303         exit(0);
 304 }
 305
 306 static char **
 307 getdrivedata(char **argv)
 308 {
 309         if ((num_devices = getnumdevs()) < 0)
 310                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 311
 312         cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
 313         last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
 314         bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
 315         bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
 316
 317         if (getdevs(&cur) == -1)
 318                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 319
 320         num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
 321         generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
 322
 323         specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *));
 324         for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
 325                 if (isdigit(**argv))
 326                         break;
 327                 num_devices_specified++;
 328                 specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices,
 329                                                      sizeof(char *) *
 330                                                      num_devices_specified);
 331                 specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
 332         }
 333         dev_select = NULL;
 334
 335         if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
 336                         maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
 337
 338         /*
 339          * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
 340          * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
 341          * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
 342          * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
 343          * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
 344          * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
 345          * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
 346          * those devices.
 347          */
 348         if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
 349                 if (buildmatch("da", &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
 350                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 351
 352                 select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
 353         } else
 354                 select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
 355
 356         /*
 357          * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
 358          * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
 359          * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
 360          */
 361         if (selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
 362                        &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
 363                        num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
 364                        num_devices_specified, select_mode,
 365                        maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
 366                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 367
 368         return(argv);
 369 }
 370
 371 static long
 372 getuptime(void)
 373 {
 374         static time_t now, boottime;
 375         time_t uptime;
 376
 377         if (boottime == 0)
 378                 kread(X_BOOTTIME, &boottime, sizeof(boottime));
 379         time(&now);
 380         uptime = now - boottime;
 381         if (uptime <= 0 || uptime > 60*60*24*365*10)
 382                 errx(1, "time makes no sense; namelist must be wrong");
 383         return(uptime);
 384 }
 385
 386 int     hdrcnt;
 387
 388 static void
 389 dovmstat(u_int interval, int reps)
 390 {
 391         struct vmtotal total;
 392         struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
 393         size_t vmm_size = sizeof(vmm);
 394         size_t vms_size = sizeof(vms);
 395         size_t vmt_size = sizeof(total);
 396         int initial = 1;
 397
 398         signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
 399
 400         for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
 401                 if (!--hdrcnt)
 402                         printhdr();
 403                 if (kinfo_get_sched_cputime(&cp_time))
 404                         err(1, "kinfo_get_sched_cputime");
 405
 406                 tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
 407                 last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
 408                 cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
 409                 last.busy_time = cur.busy_time;
 410
 411                 /*
 412                  * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
 413                  * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
 414                  * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
 415                  * the selection process again, in case a device that we
 416                  * were previously displaying has gone away.
 417                  */
 418                 switch (getdevs(&cur)) {
 419                 case -1:
 420                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 421                         break;
 422                 case 1: {
 423                         int retval;
 424
 425                         num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
 426                         generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
 427
 428                         retval = selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
 429                                             &num_selections, &select_generation,
 430                                             generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
 431                                             num_devices, matches, num_matches,
 432                                             specified_devices,
 433                                             num_devices_specified, select_mode,
 434                                             maxshowdevs, 0);
 435                         switch (retval) {
 436                         case -1:
 437                                 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 438                                 break;
 439                         case 1:
 440                                 printhdr();
 441                                 break;
 442                         default:
 443                                 break;
 444                         }
 445                 }
 446                 default:
 447                         break;
 448                 }
 449
 450                 if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmstats", &vms, &vms_size, NULL, 0)) {
 451                         perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmstats");
 452                         exit(1);
 453                 }
 454                 if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmmeter", &vmm, &vmm_size, NULL, 0)) {
 455                         perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmmeter");
 456                         exit(1);
 457                 }
 458                 if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmtotal", &total, &vmt_size, NULL, 0)) {
 459                         perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmtotal");
 460                         exit(1);
 461                 }
 462                 printf("%2d %1d %1d",
 463                     total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw + total.t_pw, total.t_sw);
 464 #define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((a) * vms.v_page_size >> 10)
 465 #define rate(x) (initial ? (x) : ((x) * 1000 + interval / 2) / interval)
 466                 printf(" %7ld %6ld ",
 467                     (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm), (long)vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free));
 468                 printf("%4lu ",
 469                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_vm_faults - ovmm.v_vm_faults));
 470                 printf("%3lu ",
 471                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_reactivated - ovmm.v_reactivated));
 472                 printf("%3lu ",
 473                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_swapin + vmm.v_vnodein -
 474                     (ovmm.v_swapin + ovmm.v_vnodein)));
 475                 printf("%3lu ",
 476                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_swapout + vmm.v_vnodeout -
 477                     (ovmm.v_swapout + ovmm.v_vnodeout)));
 478                 printf("%3lu ",
 479                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_tfree - ovmm.v_tfree));
 480                 printf("%3lu ",
 481                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_pdpages - ovmm.v_pdpages));
 482                 devstats();
 483                 printf("%4lu %4lu %3lu ",
 484                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_intr - ovmm.v_intr),
 485                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_syscall - ovmm.v_syscall),
 486                     (u_long)rate(vmm.v_swtch - ovmm.v_swtch));
 487                 cpustats();
 488                 printf("\n");
 489                 fflush(stdout);
 490                 if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
 491                         break;
 492                 ovmm = vmm;
 493                 usleep(interval * 1000);
 494                 initial = 0;
 495         }
 496 }
 497
 498 static void
 499 printhdr(void)
 500 {
 501         int i, num_shown;
 502
 503         num_shown = (num_selected < maxshowdevs) ? num_selected : maxshowdevs;
 504         printf(" procs      memory      page%*s", 19, "");
 505         if (num_shown > 1)
 506                 printf(" disks %*s", num_shown * 4 - 7, "");
 507         else if (num_shown == 1)
 508                 printf("disk");
 509         printf("   faults      cpu\n");
 510         printf(" r b w     avm    fre  flt  re  pi  po  fr  sr ");
 511         for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
 512                 if ((dev_select[i].selected)
 513                  && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
 514                         printf("%c%c%d ", dev_select[i].device_name[0],
 515                                      dev_select[i].device_name[1],
 516                                      dev_select[i].unit_number);
 517         printf("  in   sy  cs us sy id\n");
 518         hdrcnt = winlines - 2;
 519 }
 520
 521 /*
 522  * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
 523  */
 524 static void
 525 needhdr(__unused int signo)
 526 {
 527
 528         hdrcnt = 1;
 529 }
 530
 531 static long
 532 pct(long top, long bot)
 533 {
 534         long ans;
 535
 536         if (bot == 0)
 537                 return(0);
 538         ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
 539         return (ans);
 540 }
 541
 542 #define PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
 543
 544 static void
 545 dosum(void)
 546 {
 547         struct nchstats *nch_tmp, nchstats;
 548         size_t vms_size = sizeof(vms);
 549         size_t vmm_size = sizeof(vmm);
 550         int cpucnt;
 551         u_long nchtotal;
 552         size_t nch_size = sizeof(struct nchstats) * SMP_MAXCPU;
 553
 554         if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmstats", &vms, &vms_size, NULL, 0)) {
 555                 perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmstats");
 556                 exit(1);
 557         }
 558         if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmmeter", &vmm, &vmm_size, NULL, 0)) {
 559                 perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmstats");
 560                 exit(1);
 561         }
 562         printf("%9u cpu context switches\n", vmm.v_swtch);
 563         printf("%9u device interrupts\n", vmm.v_intr);
 564         printf("%9u software interrupts\n", vmm.v_soft);
 565         printf("%9u traps\n", vmm.v_trap);
 566         printf("%9u system calls\n", vmm.v_syscall);
 567         printf("%9u kernel threads created\n", vmm.v_kthreads);
 568         printf("%9u  fork() calls\n", vmm.v_forks);
 569         printf("%9u vfork() calls\n", vmm.v_vforks);
 570         printf("%9u rfork() calls\n", vmm.v_rforks);
 571         printf("%9u exec() calls\n", vmm.v_exec);
 572         printf("%9u swap pager pageins\n", vmm.v_swapin);
 573         printf("%9u swap pager pages paged in\n", vmm.v_swappgsin);
 574         printf("%9u swap pager pageouts\n", vmm.v_swapout);
 575         printf("%9u swap pager pages paged out\n", vmm.v_swappgsout);
 576         printf("%9u vnode pager pageins\n", vmm.v_vnodein);
 577         printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged in\n", vmm.v_vnodepgsin);
 578         printf("%9u vnode pager pageouts\n", vmm.v_vnodeout);
 579         printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged out\n", vmm.v_vnodepgsout);
 580         printf("%9u page daemon wakeups\n", vmm.v_pdwakeups);
 581         printf("%9u pages examined by the page daemon\n", vmm.v_pdpages);
 582         printf("%9u pages reactivated\n", vmm.v_reactivated);
 583         printf("%9u copy-on-write faults\n", vmm.v_cow_faults);
 584         printf("%9u copy-on-write optimized faults\n", vmm.v_cow_optim);
 585         printf("%9u zero fill pages zeroed\n", vmm.v_zfod);
 586         printf("%9u zero fill pages prezeroed\n", vmm.v_ozfod);
 587         printf("%9u intransit blocking page faults\n", vmm.v_intrans);
 588         printf("%9u total VM faults taken\n", vmm.v_vm_faults);
 589         printf("%9u pages affected by kernel thread creation\n", vmm.v_kthreadpages);
 590         printf("%9u pages affected by  fork()\n", vmm.v_forkpages);
 591         printf("%9u pages affected by vfork()\n", vmm.v_vforkpages);
 592         printf("%9u pages affected by rfork()\n", vmm.v_rforkpages);
 593         printf("%9u pages freed\n", vmm.v_tfree);
 594         printf("%9u pages freed by daemon\n", vmm.v_dfree);
 595         printf("%9u pages freed by exiting processes\n", vmm.v_pfree);
 596         printf("%9u pages active\n", vms.v_active_count);
 597         printf("%9u pages inactive\n", vms.v_inactive_count);
 598         printf("%9u pages in VM cache\n", vms.v_cache_count);
 599         printf("%9u pages wired down\n", vms.v_wire_count);
 600         printf("%9u pages free\n", vms.v_free_count);
 601         printf("%9u bytes per page\n", vms.v_page_size);
 602
 603         if ((nch_tmp = malloc(nch_size)) == NULL) {
 604                 perror("malloc");
 605                 exit(1);
 606         } else {
 607                 if (sysctlbyname("vfs.cache.nchstats", nch_tmp, &nch_size, NULL, 0)) {
 608                         perror("sysctlbyname vfs.cache.nchstats");
 609                         free(nch_tmp);
 610                         exit(1);
 611                 } else {
 612                         if ((nch_tmp = realloc(nch_tmp, nch_size)) == NULL) {
 613                                 perror("realloc");
 614                                 exit(1);
 615                         }
 616                 }
 617         }
 618
 619         cpucnt = nch_size / sizeof(struct nchstats);
 620         kvm_nch_cpuagg(nch_tmp, &nchstats, cpucnt);
 621
 622         nchtotal = nchstats.ncs_goodhits + nchstats.ncs_neghits +
 623             nchstats.ncs_badhits + nchstats.ncs_falsehits +
 624             nchstats.ncs_miss + nchstats.ncs_long;
 625         printf("%9ld total name lookups\n", nchtotal);
 626         printf(
 627             "%9s cache hits (%ld%% pos + %ld%% neg) system %ld%% per-directory\n",
 628             "", PCT(nchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
 629             PCT(nchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal),
 630             PCT(nchstats.ncs_pass2, nchtotal));
 631         printf("%9s deletions %ld%%, falsehits %ld%%, toolong %ld%%\n", "",
 632             PCT(nchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
 633             PCT(nchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal),
 634             PCT(nchstats.ncs_long, nchtotal));
 635         free(nch_tmp);
 636 }
 637
 638 #ifdef notyet
 639 void
 640 doforkst(void)
 641 {
 642         struct forkstat fks;
 643
 644         kread(X_FORKSTAT, &fks, sizeof(struct forkstat));
 645         printf("%d forks, %d pages, average %.2f\n",
 646             fks.cntfork, fks.sizfork, (double)fks.sizfork / fks.cntfork);
 647         printf("%d vforks, %d pages, average %.2f\n",
 648             fks.cntvfork, fks.sizvfork, (double)fks.sizvfork / fks.cntvfork);
 649 }
 650 #endif
 651
 652 static void
 653 devstats(void)
 654 {
 655         int dn;
 656         long double transfers_per_second;
 657         long double busy_seconds;
 658
 659         diff_cp_time.cp_user = cp_time.cp_user - old_cp_time.cp_user;
 660         diff_cp_time.cp_nice = cp_time.cp_nice - old_cp_time.cp_nice;
 661         diff_cp_time.cp_sys = cp_time.cp_sys - old_cp_time.cp_sys;
 662         diff_cp_time.cp_intr = cp_time.cp_intr - old_cp_time.cp_intr;
 663         diff_cp_time.cp_idle = cp_time.cp_idle - old_cp_time.cp_idle;
 664         old_cp_time = cp_time;
 665
 666         busy_seconds = compute_etime(cur.busy_time, last.busy_time);
 667
 668         for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
 669                 int di;
 670
 671                 if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0)
 672                  || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
 673                         continue;
 674
 675                 di = dev_select[dn].position;
 676
 677                 if (compute_stats(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
 678                                   &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
 679                                   NULL, NULL, NULL,
 680                                   NULL, &transfers_per_second, NULL,
 681                                   NULL, NULL) != 0)
 682                         errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
 683
 684                 printf("%3.0Lf ", transfers_per_second);
 685         }
 686 }
 687
 688 static void
 689 cpustats(void)
 690 {
 691         uint64_t total;
 692         double totusage;
 693
 694         total = diff_cp_time.cp_user + diff_cp_time.cp_nice +
 695             diff_cp_time.cp_sys + diff_cp_time.cp_intr + diff_cp_time.cp_idle;
 696
 697         if (total)
 698                 totusage = 100.0 / total;
 699         else
 700                 totusage = 0;
 701         printf("%2.0f ",
 702                (diff_cp_time.cp_user + diff_cp_time.cp_nice) * totusage);
 703         printf("%2.0f ",
 704                (diff_cp_time.cp_sys + diff_cp_time.cp_intr) * totusage);
 705         printf("%2.0f",
 706                diff_cp_time.cp_idle * totusage);
 707 }
 708
 709 static void
 710 dointr(void)
 711 {
 712         u_long *intrcnt, uptime;
 713         u_int64_t inttotal;
 714         size_t nintr, inamlen, i, size;
 715         int nwidth;
 716         char *intrstr;
 717         char **intrname;
 718
 719         uptime = getuptime();
 720         if (sysctlbyname("hw.intrnames", NULL, &inamlen, NULL, 0) != 0)
 721                 errx(1, "sysctlbyname");
 722         intrstr = malloc(inamlen);
 723         if (intrstr == NULL)
 724                 err(1, "malloc");
 725         sysctlbyname("hw.intrnames", intrstr, &inamlen, NULL, 0);
 726         for (nintr = 0, i = 0; i < inamlen; ++i) {
 727                 if (intrstr[i] == 0)
 728                         nintr++;
 729         }
 730         intrname = malloc(nintr * sizeof(char *));
 731         for (i = 0; i < nintr; ++i) {
 732                 intrname[i] = intrstr;
 733                 intrstr += strlen(intrstr) + 1;
 734         }
 735
 736         size = nintr * sizeof(*intrcnt);
 737         intrcnt = calloc(nintr, sizeof(*intrcnt));
 738         if (intrcnt == NULL)
 739                 err(1, "malloc");
 740         sysctlbyname("hw.intrcnt", intrcnt, &size, NULL, 0);
 741
 742         nwidth = 21;
 743         for (i = 0; i < nintr; ++i) {
 744                 if (nwidth < (int)strlen(intrname[i]))
 745                         nwidth = (int)strlen(intrname[i]);
 746         }
 747         if (verbose) nwidth += 8;
 748
 749         printf("%-*.*s %11s %10s\n",
 750                 nwidth, nwidth, "interrupt", "total", "rate");
 751         inttotal = 0;
 752         for (i = 0; i < nintr; ++i) {
 753                 int named;
 754                 char *infop, irqinfo[72];
 755
 756                 if ((named = strncmp(intrname[i], "irq", 3)) != 0 ||
 757                     intrcnt[i] > 0) {
 758                         infop = intrname[i];
 759                         if (verbose && named) {
 760                                 snprintf(irqinfo, sizeof(irqinfo),
 761                                          "irq%zd: %s", i, intrname[i]);
 762                                 infop = irqinfo;
 763                         }
 764                         printf("%-*.*s %11lu %10lu\n",
 765                                 nwidth, nwidth, infop,
 766                                 intrcnt[i], intrcnt[i] / uptime);
 767                 }
 768                 inttotal += intrcnt[i];
 769         }
 770         printf("%-*.*s %11llu %10llu\n",
 771                 nwidth, nwidth, "Total",
 772                 (long long)inttotal, (long long)(inttotal / uptime));
 773 }
 774
 775 #define MAX_KMSTATS     1024
 776
 777 static long
 778 cpuagg(size_t *ary)
 779 {
 780     int i;
 781     long ttl;
 782
 783     for (i = ttl = 0; i < SMP_MAXCPU; ++i)
 784         ttl += ary[i];
 785     return(ttl);
 786 }
 787
 788 static void
 789 domem(void)
 790 {
 791         struct malloc_type *ks;
 792         int i, j;
 793         int first, nkms;
 794         long totuse = 0, totfree = 0, totreq = 0;
 795         struct malloc_type kmemstats[MAX_KMSTATS], *kmsp;
 796         char buf[1024];
 797
 798         kread(X_KMEMSTATISTICS, &kmsp, sizeof(kmsp));
 799         for (nkms = 0; nkms < MAX_KMSTATS && kmsp != NULL; nkms++) {
 800                 if (sizeof(kmemstats[0]) != kvm_read(kd, (u_long)kmsp,
 801                     &kmemstats[nkms], sizeof(kmemstats[0])))
 802                         err(1, "kvm_read(%p)", (void *)kmsp);
 803                 if (sizeof(buf) !=  kvm_read(kd,
 804                     (u_long)kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc, buf, sizeof(buf)))
 805                         err(1, "kvm_read(%p)",
 806                             kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc);
 807                 buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
 808                 kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc = strdup(buf);
 809                 kmsp = kmemstats[nkms].ks_next;
 810         }
 811         if (kmsp != NULL)
 812                 warnx("truncated to the first %d memory types", nkms);
 813
 814         printf(
 815             "\nMemory statistics by type                          Type  Kern\n");
 816         printf(
 817 "              Type   InUse  MemUse HighUse   Limit  Requests  Limit Limit\n");
 818         for (i = 0, ks = &kmemstats[0]; i < nkms; i++, ks++) {
 819                 if (ks->ks_calls == 0)
 820                         continue;
 821                 printf("%19s%7ld%7ldK%7ldK%8zdK%10jd%5u%6u",
 822                     ks->ks_shortdesc,
 823                     cpuagg(ks->ks_inuse), (cpuagg(ks->ks_memuse) + 1023) / 1024,
 824                     (ks->ks_maxused + 1023) / 1024,
 825                     (ks->ks_limit + 1023) / 1024, (intmax_t)ks->ks_calls,
 826                     ks->ks_limblocks, ks->ks_mapblocks);
 827                 first = 1;
 828                 for (j =  1 << MINBUCKET; j < 1 << (MINBUCKET + 16); j <<= 1) {
 829                         if ((ks->ks_size & j) == 0)
 830                                 continue;
 831                         if (first)
 832                                 printf("  ");
 833                         else
 834                                 printf(",");
 835                         if(j<1024)
 836                                 printf("%d",j);
 837                         else
 838                                 printf("%dK",j>>10);
 839                         first = 0;
 840                 }
 841                 printf("\n");
 842                 totuse += cpuagg(ks->ks_memuse);
 843                 totreq += ks->ks_calls;
 844         }
 845         printf("\nMemory Totals:  In Use    Free    Requests\n");
 846         printf("              %7ldK %6ldK    %8ld\n",
 847              (totuse + 1023) / 1024, (totfree + 1023) / 1024, totreq);
 848 }
 849
 850 static void
 851 dozmem(void)
 852 {
 853         char *buf;
 854         size_t bufsize;
 855
 856         buf = NULL;
 857         bufsize = 1024;
 858         for (;;) {
 859                 if ((buf = realloc(buf, bufsize)) == NULL)
 860                         err(1, "realloc()");
 861                 if (sysctlbyname("vm.zone", buf, &bufsize, NULL, 0) == 0)
 862                         break;
 863                 if (errno != ENOMEM)
 864                         err(1, "sysctl()");
 865                 bufsize *= 2;
 866         }
 867         buf[bufsize] = '\0'; /* play it safe */
 868         printf("%s\n\n", buf);
 869         free(buf);
 870 }
 871
 872 /*
 873  * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
 874  */
 875 static void
 876 kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size)
 877 {
 878         const char *sym;
 879
 880         if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
 881                 sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
 882                 if (*sym == '_')
 883                         ++sym;
 884                 errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
 885         }
 886         if (kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value, addr, size) != (ssize_t)size) {
 887                 sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
 888                 if (*sym == '_')
 889                         ++sym;
 890                 errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
 891         }
 892 }
 893
 894 static void
 895 usage(void)
 896 {
 897         fprintf(stderr, "%s%s",
 898                 "usage: vmstat [-imsvz] [-c count] [-M core] [-N system] [-w wait]\n",
 899                 "              [-n devs] [disks]\n");
 900         exit(1);
 901 }