boot/efi: Add paging to the 'memmap' and 'configuration' commands.

[dragonfly.git] / contrib / libarchive / cpio / cpio.c

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Tim Kientzle
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 *    in this position and unchanged.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */


#include "cpio_platform.h"
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/cpio/cpio.c,v 1.15 2008/12/06 07:30:40 kientzle Exp $");

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <archive.h>
#include <archive_entry.h>

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_MKDEV_H
#include <sys/mkdev.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
#include <errno.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_GRP_H
#include <grp.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_LOCALE_H
#include <locale.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_PWD_H
#include <pwd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL_H
#include <signal.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_H
#include <stdarg.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
#include <stdint.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
#include <string.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
#include <time.h>
#endif

#include "cpio.h"
#include "err.h"
#include "line_reader.h"
#include "passphrase.h"

/* Fixed size of uname/gname caches. */
#define name_cache_size 101

#ifndef O_BINARY
#define O_BINARY 0
#endif

struct name_cache {
        int     probes;
        int     hits;
        size_t  size;
        struct {
                id_t id;
                char *name;
        } cache[name_cache_size];
};

static int      extract_data(struct archive *, struct archive *);
const char *    cpio_i64toa(int64_t);
static const char *cpio_rename(const char *name);
static int      entry_to_archive(struct cpio *, struct archive_entry *);
static int      file_to_archive(struct cpio *, const char *);
static void     free_cache(struct name_cache *cache);
static void     list_item_verbose(struct cpio *, struct archive_entry *);
static void     long_help(void);
static const char *lookup_gname(struct cpio *, gid_t gid);
static int      lookup_gname_helper(struct cpio *,
                    const char **name, id_t gid);
static const char *lookup_uname(struct cpio *, uid_t uid);
static int      lookup_uname_helper(struct cpio *,
                    const char **name, id_t uid);
static void     mode_in(struct cpio *);
static void     mode_list(struct cpio *);
static void     mode_out(struct cpio *);
static void     mode_pass(struct cpio *, const char *);
static const char *remove_leading_slash(const char *);
static int      restore_time(struct cpio *, struct archive_entry *,
                    const char *, int fd);
static void     usage(void);
static void     version(void);
static const char * passphrase_callback(struct archive *, void *);
static void     passphrase_free(char *);

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        static char buff[16384];
        struct cpio _cpio; /* Allocated on stack. */
        struct cpio *cpio;
        const char *errmsg;
        int uid, gid;
        int opt;

        cpio = &_cpio;
        memset(cpio, 0, sizeof(*cpio));
        cpio->buff = buff;
        cpio->buff_size = sizeof(buff);

#if defined(HAVE_SIGACTION) && defined(SIGPIPE)
        { /* Ignore SIGPIPE signals. */
                struct sigaction sa;
                sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
                sa.sa_flags = 0;
                sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
                sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sa, NULL);
        }
#endif

        /* Set lafe_progname before calling lafe_warnc. */
        lafe_setprogname(*argv, "bsdcpio");

#if HAVE_SETLOCALE
        if (setlocale(LC_ALL, "") == NULL)
                lafe_warnc(0, "Failed to set default locale");
#endif

        cpio->uid_override = -1;
        cpio->gid_override = -1;
        cpio->argv = argv;
        cpio->argc = argc;
        cpio->mode = '\0';
        cpio->verbose = 0;
        cpio->compress = '\0';
        cpio->extract_flags = ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_AUTODIR;
        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_OVERWRITE_NEWER;
        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS;
        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT;
        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS;
        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_PERM;
        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_FFLAGS;
        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_ACL;
#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
        if (geteuid() == 0)
                cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_OWNER;
#endif
        cpio->bytes_per_block = 512;
        cpio->filename = NULL;

        cpio->matching = archive_match_new();
        if (cpio->matching == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Out of memory");

        while ((opt = cpio_getopt(cpio)) != -1) {
                switch (opt) {
                case '0': /* GNU convention: --null, -0 */
                        cpio->option_null = 1;
                        break;
                case 'A': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
                        cpio->option_append = 1;
                        break;
                case 'a': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->option_atime_restore = 1;
                        break;
                case 'B': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->bytes_per_block = 5120;
                        break;
                case OPTION_B64ENCODE:
                        cpio->add_filter = opt;
                        break;
                case 'C': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
                        cpio->bytes_per_block = atoi(cpio->argument);
                        if (cpio->bytes_per_block <= 0)
                                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Invalid blocksize %s", cpio->argument);
                        break;
                case 'c': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->format = "odc";
                        break;
                case 'd': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_AUTODIR;
                        break;
                case 'E': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
                        if (archive_match_include_pattern_from_file(
                            cpio->matching, cpio->argument,
                            cpio->option_null) != ARCHIVE_OK)
                                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Error : %s",
                                    archive_error_string(cpio->matching));
                        break;
                case 'F': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD/GNU cpio */
                        cpio->filename = cpio->argument;
                        break;
                case 'f': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        if (archive_match_exclude_pattern(cpio->matching,
                            cpio->argument) != ARCHIVE_OK)
                                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Error : %s",
                                    archive_error_string(cpio->matching));
                        break;
                case OPTION_GRZIP:
                        cpio->compress = opt;
                        break;
                case 'H': /* GNU cpio (also --format) */
                        cpio->format = cpio->argument;
                        break;
                case 'h':
                        long_help();
                        break;
                case 'I': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
                        cpio->filename = cpio->argument;
                        break;
                case 'i': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        if (cpio->mode != '\0')
                                lafe_errc(1, 0,
                                    "Cannot use both -i and -%c", cpio->mode);
                        cpio->mode = opt;
                        break;
                case 'J': /* GNU tar, others */
                        cpio->compress = opt;
                        break;
                case 'j': /* GNU tar, others */
                        cpio->compress = opt;
                        break;
                case OPTION_INSECURE:
                        cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS;
                        cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT;
                        cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS;
                        break;
                case 'L': /* GNU cpio */
                        cpio->option_follow_links = 1;
                        break;
                case 'l': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->option_link = 1;
                        break;
                case OPTION_LRZIP:
                case OPTION_LZ4:
                case OPTION_LZMA: /* GNU tar, others */
                case OPTION_LZOP: /* GNU tar, others */
                        cpio->compress = opt;
                        break;
                case 'm': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_TIME;
                        break;
                case 'n': /* GNU cpio */
                        cpio->option_numeric_uid_gid = 1;
                        break;
                case OPTION_NO_PRESERVE_OWNER: /* GNU cpio */
                        cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_OWNER;
                        break;
                case 'O': /* GNU cpio */
                        cpio->filename = cpio->argument;
                        break;
                case 'o': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        if (cpio->mode != '\0')
                                lafe_errc(1, 0,
                                    "Cannot use both -o and -%c", cpio->mode);
                        cpio->mode = opt;
                        break;
                case 'p': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        if (cpio->mode != '\0')
                                lafe_errc(1, 0,
                                    "Cannot use both -p and -%c", cpio->mode);
                        cpio->mode = opt;
                        cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT;
                        cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS;
                        break;
                case OPTION_PASSPHRASE:
                        cpio->passphrase = cpio->argument;
                        break;
                case OPTION_PRESERVE_OWNER:
                        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_OWNER;
                        break;
                case OPTION_QUIET: /* GNU cpio */
                        cpio->quiet = 1;
                        break;
                case 'R': /* GNU cpio, also --owner */
                        /* TODO: owner_parse should return uname/gname
                         * also; use that to set [ug]name_override. */
                        errmsg = owner_parse(cpio->argument, &uid, &gid);
                        if (errmsg) {
                                lafe_warnc(-1, "%s", errmsg);
                                usage();
                        }
                        if (uid != -1) {
                                cpio->uid_override = uid;
                                cpio->uname_override = NULL;
                        }
                        if (gid != -1) {
                                cpio->gid_override = gid;
                                cpio->gname_override = NULL;
                        }
                        break;
                case 'r': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->option_rename = 1;
                        break;
                case 't': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->option_list = 1;
                        break;
                case 'u': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->extract_flags
                            &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_OVERWRITE_NEWER;
                        break;
                case OPTION_UUENCODE:
                        cpio->add_filter = opt;
                        break;
                case 'v': /* POSIX 1997 */
                        cpio->verbose++;
                        break;
                case 'V': /* GNU cpio */
                        cpio->dot++;
                        break;
                case OPTION_VERSION: /* GNU convention */
                        version();
                        break;
#if 0
                /*
                 * cpio_getopt() handles -W specially, so it's not
                 * available here.
                 */
                case 'W': /* Obscure, but useful GNU convention. */
                        break;
#endif
                case 'y': /* tar convention */
                        cpio->compress = opt;
                        break;
                case 'Z': /* tar convention */
                        cpio->compress = opt;
                        break;
                case 'z': /* tar convention */
                        cpio->compress = opt;
                        break;
                default:
                        usage();
                }
        }

        /*
         * Sanity-check args, error out on nonsensical combinations.
         */
        /* -t implies -i if no mode was specified. */
        if (cpio->option_list && cpio->mode == '\0')
                cpio->mode = 'i';
        /* -t requires -i */
        if (cpio->option_list && cpio->mode != 'i')
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option -t requires -i");
        /* -n requires -it */
        if (cpio->option_numeric_uid_gid && !cpio->option_list)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option -n requires -it");
        /* Can only specify format when writing */
        if (cpio->format != NULL && cpio->mode != 'o')
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option --format requires -o");
        /* -l requires -p */
        if (cpio->option_link && cpio->mode != 'p')
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option -l requires -p");
        /* -v overrides -V */
        if (cpio->dot && cpio->verbose)
                cpio->dot = 0;
        /* TODO: Flag other nonsensical combinations. */

        switch (cpio->mode) {
        case 'o':
                /* TODO: Implement old binary format in libarchive,
                   use that here. */
                if (cpio->format == NULL)
                        cpio->format = "odc"; /* Default format */

                mode_out(cpio);
                break;
        case 'i':
                while (*cpio->argv != NULL) {
                        if (archive_match_include_pattern(cpio->matching,
                            *cpio->argv) != ARCHIVE_OK)
                                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Error : %s",
                                    archive_error_string(cpio->matching));
                        --cpio->argc;
                        ++cpio->argv;
                }
                if (cpio->option_list)
                        mode_list(cpio);
                else
                        mode_in(cpio);
                break;
        case 'p':
                if (*cpio->argv == NULL || **cpio->argv == '\0')
                        lafe_errc(1, 0,
                            "-p mode requires a target directory");
                mode_pass(cpio, *cpio->argv);
                break;
        default:
                lafe_errc(1, 0,
                    "Must specify at least one of -i, -o, or -p");
        }

        archive_match_free(cpio->matching);
        free_cache(cpio->gname_cache);
        free_cache(cpio->uname_cache);
        free(cpio->destdir);
        passphrase_free(cpio->ppbuff);
        return (cpio->return_value);
}

static void
usage(void)
{
        const char      *p;

        p = lafe_getprogname();

        fprintf(stderr, "Brief Usage:\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "  List:    %s -it < archive\n", p);
        fprintf(stderr, "  Extract: %s -i < archive\n", p);
        fprintf(stderr, "  Create:  %s -o < filenames > archive\n", p);
        fprintf(stderr, "  Help:    %s --help\n", p);
        exit(1);
}

static const char *long_help_msg =
        "First option must be a mode specifier:\n"
        "  -i Input  -o Output  -p Pass\n"
        "Common Options:\n"
        "  -v Verbose filenames     -V  one dot per file\n"
        "Create: %p -o [options]  < [list of files] > [archive]\n"
        "  -J,-y,-z,--lzma  Compress archive with xz/bzip2/gzip/lzma\n"
        "  --format {odc|newc|ustar}  Select archive format\n"
        "List: %p -it < [archive]\n"
        "Extract: %p -i [options] < [archive]\n";


/*
 * Note that the word 'bsdcpio' will always appear in the first line
 * of output.
 *
 * In particular, /bin/sh scripts that need to test for the presence
 * of bsdcpio can use the following template:
 *
 * if (cpio --help 2>&1 | grep bsdcpio >/dev/null 2>&1 ) then \
 *          echo bsdcpio; else echo not bsdcpio; fi
 */
static void
long_help(void)
{
        const char      *prog;
        const char      *p;

        prog = lafe_getprogname();

        fflush(stderr);

        p = (strcmp(prog,"bsdcpio") != 0) ? "(bsdcpio)" : "";
        printf("%s%s: manipulate archive files\n", prog, p);

        for (p = long_help_msg; *p != '\0'; p++) {
                if (*p == '%') {
                        if (p[1] == 'p') {
                                fputs(prog, stdout);
                                p++;
                        } else
                                putchar('%');
                } else
                        putchar(*p);
        }
        version();
}

static void
version(void)
{
        fprintf(stdout,"bsdcpio %s -- %s\n",
            BSDCPIO_VERSION_STRING,
            archive_version_details());
        exit(0);
}

static void
mode_out(struct cpio *cpio)
{
        struct archive_entry *entry, *spare;
        struct lafe_line_reader *lr;
        const char *p;
        int r;

        if (cpio->option_append)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Append mode not yet supported.");

        cpio->archive_read_disk = archive_read_disk_new();
        if (cpio->archive_read_disk == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
        if (cpio->option_follow_links)
                archive_read_disk_set_symlink_logical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
        else
                archive_read_disk_set_symlink_physical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
        archive_read_disk_set_standard_lookup(cpio->archive_read_disk);

        cpio->archive = archive_write_new();
        if (cpio->archive == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
        switch (cpio->compress) {
        case OPTION_GRZIP:
                r = archive_write_add_filter_grzip(cpio->archive);
                break;
        case 'J':
                r = archive_write_add_filter_xz(cpio->archive);
                break;
        case OPTION_LRZIP:
                r = archive_write_add_filter_lrzip(cpio->archive);
                break;
        case OPTION_LZ4:
                r = archive_write_add_filter_lz4(cpio->archive);
                break;
        case OPTION_LZMA:
                r = archive_write_add_filter_lzma(cpio->archive);
                break;
        case OPTION_LZOP:
                r = archive_write_add_filter_lzop(cpio->archive);
                break;
        case 'j': case 'y':
                r = archive_write_add_filter_bzip2(cpio->archive);
                break;
        case 'z':
                r = archive_write_add_filter_gzip(cpio->archive);
                break;
        case 'Z':
                r = archive_write_add_filter_compress(cpio->archive);
                break;
        default:
                r = archive_write_add_filter_none(cpio->archive);
                break;
        }
        if (r < ARCHIVE_WARN)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Requested compression not available");
        switch (cpio->add_filter) {
        case 0:
                r = ARCHIVE_OK;
                break;
        case OPTION_B64ENCODE:
                r = archive_write_add_filter_b64encode(cpio->archive);
                break;
        case OPTION_UUENCODE:
                r = archive_write_add_filter_uuencode(cpio->archive);
                break;
        }
        if (r < ARCHIVE_WARN)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Requested filter not available");
        r = archive_write_set_format_by_name(cpio->archive, cpio->format);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
        archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(cpio->archive, cpio->bytes_per_block);
        cpio->linkresolver = archive_entry_linkresolver_new();
        archive_entry_linkresolver_set_strategy(cpio->linkresolver,
            archive_format(cpio->archive));
        if (cpio->passphrase != NULL)
                r = archive_write_set_passphrase(cpio->archive,
                        cpio->passphrase);
        else
                r = archive_write_set_passphrase_callback(cpio->archive, cpio,
                        &passphrase_callback);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));

        /*
         * The main loop:  Copy each file into the output archive.
         */
        r = archive_write_open_filename(cpio->archive, cpio->filename);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
        lr = lafe_line_reader("-", cpio->option_null);
        while ((p = lafe_line_reader_next(lr)) != NULL)
                file_to_archive(cpio, p);
        lafe_line_reader_free(lr);

        /*
         * The hardlink detection may have queued up a couple of entries
         * that can now be flushed.
         */
        entry = NULL;
        archive_entry_linkify(cpio->linkresolver, &entry, &spare);
        while (entry != NULL) {
                entry_to_archive(cpio, entry);
                archive_entry_free(entry);
                entry = NULL;
                archive_entry_linkify(cpio->linkresolver, &entry, &spare);
        }

        r = archive_write_close(cpio->archive);
        if (cpio->dot)
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));

        if (!cpio->quiet) {
                int64_t blocks =
                        (archive_filter_bytes(cpio->archive, 0) + 511)
                        / 512;
                fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
                    blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
        }
        archive_write_free(cpio->archive);
}

static const char *
remove_leading_slash(const char *p)
{
        const char *rp;

        /* Remove leading "//./" or "//?/" or "//?/UNC/"
         * (absolute path prefixes used by Windows API) */
        if ((p[0] == '/' || p[0] == '\\') &&
            (p[1] == '/' || p[1] == '\\') &&
            (p[2] == '.' || p[2] == '?') &&
            (p[3] == '/' || p[3] == '\\'))
        {
                if (p[2] == '?' &&
                    (p[4] == 'U' || p[4] == 'u') &&
                    (p[5] == 'N' || p[5] == 'n') &&
                    (p[6] == 'C' || p[6] == 'c') &&
                    (p[7] == '/' || p[7] == '\\'))
                        p += 8;
                else
                        p += 4;
        }
        do {
                rp = p;
                /* Remove leading drive letter from archives created
                 * on Windows. */
                if (((p[0] >= 'a' && p[0] <= 'z') ||
                     (p[0] >= 'A' && p[0] <= 'Z')) &&
                         p[1] == ':') {
                        p += 2;
                }
                /* Remove leading "/../", "//", etc. */
                while (p[0] == '/' || p[0] == '\\') {
                        if (p[1] == '.' && p[2] == '.' &&
                                (p[3] == '/' || p[3] == '\\')) {
                                p += 3; /* Remove "/..", leave "/"
                                         * for next pass. */
                        } else
                                p += 1; /* Remove "/". */
                }
        } while (rp != p);
        return (p);
}

/*
 * This is used by both out mode (to copy objects from disk into
 * an archive) and pass mode (to copy objects from disk to
 * an archive_write_disk "archive").
 */
static int
file_to_archive(struct cpio *cpio, const char *srcpath)
{
        const char *destpath;
        struct archive_entry *entry, *spare;
        size_t len;
        int r;

        /*
         * Create an archive_entry describing the source file.
         *
         */
        entry = archive_entry_new();
        if (entry == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate entry");
        archive_entry_copy_sourcepath(entry, srcpath);
        r = archive_read_disk_entry_from_file(cpio->archive_read_disk,
            entry, -1, NULL);
        if (r < ARCHIVE_FAILED)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s",
                    archive_error_string(cpio->archive_read_disk));
        if (r < ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_warnc(0, "%s",
                    archive_error_string(cpio->archive_read_disk));
        if (r <= ARCHIVE_FAILED) {
                cpio->return_value = 1;
                return (r);
        }

        if (cpio->uid_override >= 0) {
                archive_entry_set_uid(entry, cpio->uid_override);
                archive_entry_set_uname(entry, cpio->uname_override);
        }
        if (cpio->gid_override >= 0) {
                archive_entry_set_gid(entry, cpio->gid_override);
                archive_entry_set_gname(entry, cpio->gname_override);
        }

        /*
         * Generate a destination path for this entry.
         * "destination path" is the name to which it will be copied in
         * pass mode or the name that will go into the archive in
         * output mode.
         */
        destpath = srcpath;
        if (cpio->destdir) {
                len = strlen(cpio->destdir) + strlen(srcpath) + 8;
                if (len >= cpio->pass_destpath_alloc) {
                        while (len >= cpio->pass_destpath_alloc) {
                                cpio->pass_destpath_alloc += 512;
                                cpio->pass_destpath_alloc *= 2;
                        }
                        free(cpio->pass_destpath);
                        cpio->pass_destpath = malloc(cpio->pass_destpath_alloc);
                        if (cpio->pass_destpath == NULL)
                                lafe_errc(1, ENOMEM,
                                    "Can't allocate path buffer");
                }
                strcpy(cpio->pass_destpath, cpio->destdir);
                strcat(cpio->pass_destpath, remove_leading_slash(srcpath));
                destpath = cpio->pass_destpath;
        }
        if (cpio->option_rename)
                destpath = cpio_rename(destpath);
        if (destpath == NULL)
                return (0);
        archive_entry_copy_pathname(entry, destpath);

        /*
         * If we're trying to preserve hardlinks, match them here.
         */
        spare = NULL;
        if (cpio->linkresolver != NULL
            && archive_entry_filetype(entry) != AE_IFDIR) {
                archive_entry_linkify(cpio->linkresolver, &entry, &spare);
        }

        if (entry != NULL) {
                r = entry_to_archive(cpio, entry);
                archive_entry_free(entry);
                if (spare != NULL) {
                        if (r == 0)
                                r = entry_to_archive(cpio, spare);
                        archive_entry_free(spare);
                }
        }
        return (r);
}

static int
entry_to_archive(struct cpio *cpio, struct archive_entry *entry)
{
        const char *destpath = archive_entry_pathname(entry);
        const char *srcpath = archive_entry_sourcepath(entry);
        int fd = -1;
        ssize_t bytes_read;
        int r;

        /* Print out the destination name to the user. */
        if (cpio->verbose)
                fprintf(stderr,"%s", destpath);
        if (cpio->dot)
                fprintf(stderr, ".");

        /*
         * Option_link only makes sense in pass mode and for
         * regular files.  Also note: if a link operation fails
         * because of cross-device restrictions, we'll fall back
         * to copy mode for that entry.
         *
         * TODO: Test other cpio implementations to see if they
         * hard-link anything other than regular files here.
         */
        if (cpio->option_link
            && archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFREG)
        {
                struct archive_entry *t;
                /* Save the original entry in case we need it later. */
                t = archive_entry_clone(entry);
                if (t == NULL)
                        lafe_errc(1, ENOMEM, "Can't create link");
                /* Note: link(2) doesn't create parent directories,
                 * so we use archive_write_header() instead as a
                 * convenience. */
                archive_entry_set_hardlink(t, srcpath);
                /* This is a straight link that carries no data. */
                archive_entry_set_size(t, 0);
                r = archive_write_header(cpio->archive, t);
                archive_entry_free(t);
                if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                        lafe_warnc(archive_errno(cpio->archive),
                            "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
                if (r == ARCHIVE_FATAL)
                        exit(1);
#ifdef EXDEV
                if (r != ARCHIVE_OK && archive_errno(cpio->archive) == EXDEV) {
                        /* Cross-device link:  Just fall through and use
                         * the original entry to copy the file over. */
                        lafe_warnc(0, "Copying file instead");
                } else
#endif
                return (0);
        }

        /*
         * Make sure we can open the file (if necessary) before
         * trying to write the header.
         */
        if (archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFREG) {
                if (archive_entry_size(entry) > 0) {
                        fd = open(srcpath, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
                        if (fd < 0) {
                                lafe_warnc(errno,
                                    "%s: could not open file", srcpath);
                                goto cleanup;
                        }
                }
        } else {
                archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
        }

        r = archive_write_header(cpio->archive, entry);

        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_warnc(archive_errno(cpio->archive),
                    "%s: %s",
                    srcpath,
                    archive_error_string(cpio->archive));

        if (r == ARCHIVE_FATAL)
                exit(1);

        if (r >= ARCHIVE_WARN && archive_entry_size(entry) > 0 && fd >= 0) {
                bytes_read = read(fd, cpio->buff, (unsigned)cpio->buff_size);
                while (bytes_read > 0) {
                        ssize_t bytes_write;
                        bytes_write = archive_write_data(cpio->archive,
                            cpio->buff, bytes_read);
                        if (bytes_write < 0)
                                lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(cpio->archive),
                                    "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
                        if (bytes_write < bytes_read) {
                                lafe_warnc(0,
                                    "Truncated write; file may have "
                                    "grown while being archived.");
                        }
                        bytes_read = read(fd, cpio->buff,
                            (unsigned)cpio->buff_size);
                }
        }

        fd = restore_time(cpio, entry, srcpath, fd);

cleanup:
        if (cpio->verbose)
                fprintf(stderr,"\n");
        if (fd >= 0)
                close(fd);
        return (0);
}

static int
restore_time(struct cpio *cpio, struct archive_entry *entry,
    const char *name, int fd)
{
#ifndef HAVE_UTIMES
        static int warned = 0;

        (void)cpio; /* UNUSED */
        (void)entry; /* UNUSED */
        (void)name; /* UNUSED */

        if (!warned)
                lafe_warnc(0, "Can't restore access times on this platform");
        warned = 1;
        return (fd);
#else
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
        struct __timeval times[2];
#else
        struct timeval times[2];
#endif

        if (!cpio->option_atime_restore)
                return (fd);

        times[1].tv_sec = archive_entry_mtime(entry);
        times[1].tv_usec = archive_entry_mtime_nsec(entry) / 1000;

        times[0].tv_sec = archive_entry_atime(entry);
        times[0].tv_usec = archive_entry_atime_nsec(entry) / 1000;

#if defined(HAVE_FUTIMES) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
        if (fd >= 0 && futimes(fd, times) == 0)
                return (fd);
#endif
        /*
         * Some platform cannot restore access times if the file descriptor
         * is still opened.
         */
        if (fd >= 0) {
                close(fd);
                fd = -1;
        }

#ifdef HAVE_LUTIMES
        if (lutimes(name, times) != 0)
#else
        if ((AE_IFLNK != archive_entry_filetype(entry))
                        && utimes(name, times) != 0)
#endif
                lafe_warnc(errno, "Can't update time for %s", name);
#endif
        return (fd);
}


static void
mode_in(struct cpio *cpio)
{
        struct archive *a;
        struct archive_entry *entry;
        struct archive *ext;
        const char *destpath;
        int r;

        ext = archive_write_disk_new();
        if (ext == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate restore object");
        r = archive_write_disk_set_options(ext, cpio->extract_flags);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(ext));
        a = archive_read_new();
        if (a == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate archive object");
        archive_read_support_filter_all(a);
        archive_read_support_format_all(a);
        if (cpio->passphrase != NULL)
                r = archive_read_add_passphrase(a, cpio->passphrase);
        else
                r = archive_read_set_passphrase_callback(a, cpio,
                        &passphrase_callback);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(a));

        if (archive_read_open_filename(a, cpio->filename,
                                        cpio->bytes_per_block))
                lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
                    "%s", archive_error_string(a));
        for (;;) {
                r = archive_read_next_header(a, &entry);
                if (r == ARCHIVE_EOF)
                        break;
                if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
                        lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
                            "%s", archive_error_string(a));
                }
                if (archive_match_path_excluded(cpio->matching, entry))
                        continue;
                if (cpio->option_rename) {
                        destpath = cpio_rename(archive_entry_pathname(entry));
                        archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, destpath);
                } else
                        destpath = archive_entry_pathname(entry);
                if (destpath == NULL)
                        continue;
                if (cpio->verbose)
                        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", destpath);
                if (cpio->dot)
                        fprintf(stderr, ".");
                if (cpio->uid_override >= 0)
                        archive_entry_set_uid(entry, cpio->uid_override);
                if (cpio->gid_override >= 0)
                        archive_entry_set_gid(entry, cpio->gid_override);
                r = archive_write_header(ext, entry);
                if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n",
                            archive_entry_pathname(entry),
                            archive_error_string(ext));
                } else if (!archive_entry_size_is_set(entry)
                    || archive_entry_size(entry) > 0) {
                        r = extract_data(a, ext);
                        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                                cpio->return_value = 1;
                }
        }
        r = archive_read_close(a);
        if (cpio->dot)
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(a));
        r = archive_write_close(ext);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(ext));
        if (!cpio->quiet) {
                int64_t blocks = (archive_filter_bytes(a, 0) + 511)
                              / 512;
                fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
                    blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
        }
        archive_read_free(a);
        archive_write_free(ext);
        exit(cpio->return_value);
}

/*
 * Exits if there's a fatal error.  Returns ARCHIVE_OK
 * if everything is kosher.
 */
static int
extract_data(struct archive *ar, struct archive *aw)
{
        int r;
        size_t size;
        const void *block;
        int64_t offset;

        for (;;) {
                r = archive_read_data_block(ar, &block, &size, &offset);
                if (r == ARCHIVE_EOF)
                        return (ARCHIVE_OK);
                if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
                        lafe_warnc(archive_errno(ar),
                            "%s", archive_error_string(ar));
                        exit(1);
                }
                r = (int)archive_write_data_block(aw, block, size, offset);
                if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
                        lafe_warnc(archive_errno(aw),
                            "%s", archive_error_string(aw));
                        return (r);
                }
        }
}

static void
mode_list(struct cpio *cpio)
{
        struct archive *a;
        struct archive_entry *entry;
        int r;

        a = archive_read_new();
        if (a == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate archive object");
        archive_read_support_filter_all(a);
        archive_read_support_format_all(a);
        if (cpio->passphrase != NULL)
                r = archive_read_add_passphrase(a, cpio->passphrase);
        else
                r = archive_read_set_passphrase_callback(a, cpio,
                        &passphrase_callback);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(a));

        if (archive_read_open_filename(a, cpio->filename,
                                        cpio->bytes_per_block))
                lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
                    "%s", archive_error_string(a));
        for (;;) {
                r = archive_read_next_header(a, &entry);
                if (r == ARCHIVE_EOF)
                        break;
                if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
                        lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
                            "%s", archive_error_string(a));
                }
                if (archive_match_path_excluded(cpio->matching, entry))
                        continue;
                if (cpio->verbose)
                        list_item_verbose(cpio, entry);
                else
                        fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", archive_entry_pathname(entry));
        }
        r = archive_read_close(a);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(a));
        if (!cpio->quiet) {
                int64_t blocks = (archive_filter_bytes(a, 0) + 511)
                              / 512;
                fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
                    blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
        }
        archive_read_free(a);
        exit(0);
}

/*
 * Display information about the current file.
 *
 * The format here roughly duplicates the output of 'ls -l'.
 * This is based on SUSv2, where 'tar tv' is documented as
 * listing additional information in an "unspecified format,"
 * and 'pax -l' is documented as using the same format as 'ls -l'.
 */
static void
list_item_verbose(struct cpio *cpio, struct archive_entry *entry)
{
        char                     size[32];
        char                     date[32];
        char                     uids[16], gids[16];
        const char              *uname, *gname;
        FILE                    *out = stdout;
        const char              *fmt;
        time_t                   mtime;
        static time_t            now;

        if (!now)
                time(&now);

        if (cpio->option_numeric_uid_gid) {
                /* Format numeric uid/gid for display. */
                strcpy(uids, cpio_i64toa(archive_entry_uid(entry)));
                uname = uids;
                strcpy(gids, cpio_i64toa(archive_entry_gid(entry)));
                gname = gids;
        } else {
                /* Use uname if it's present, else lookup name from uid. */
                uname = archive_entry_uname(entry);
                if (uname == NULL)
                        uname = lookup_uname(cpio, (uid_t)archive_entry_uid(entry));
                /* Use gname if it's present, else lookup name from gid. */
                gname = archive_entry_gname(entry);
                if (gname == NULL)
                        gname = lookup_gname(cpio, (uid_t)archive_entry_gid(entry));
        }

        /* Print device number or file size. */
        if (archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFCHR
            || archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFBLK) {
                snprintf(size, sizeof(size), "%lu,%lu",
                    (unsigned long)archive_entry_rdevmajor(entry),
                    (unsigned long)archive_entry_rdevminor(entry));
        } else {
                strcpy(size, cpio_i64toa(archive_entry_size(entry)));
        }

        /* Format the time using 'ls -l' conventions. */
        mtime = archive_entry_mtime(entry);
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
        /* Windows' strftime function does not support %e format. */
        if (mtime - now > 365*86400/2
                || mtime - now < -365*86400/2)
                fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%d %b  %Y" : "%b %d  %Y";
        else
                fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%d %b %H:%M" : "%b %d %H:%M";
#else
        if (mtime - now > 365*86400/2
                || mtime - now < -365*86400/2)
                fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%e %b  %Y" : "%b %e  %Y";
        else
                fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%e %b %H:%M" : "%b %e %H:%M";
#endif
        strftime(date, sizeof(date), fmt, localtime(&mtime));

        fprintf(out, "%s%3d %-8s %-8s %8s %12s %s",
            archive_entry_strmode(entry),
            archive_entry_nlink(entry),
            uname, gname, size, date,
            archive_entry_pathname(entry));

        /* Extra information for links. */
        if (archive_entry_hardlink(entry)) /* Hard link */
                fprintf(out, " link to %s", archive_entry_hardlink(entry));
        else if (archive_entry_symlink(entry)) /* Symbolic link */
                fprintf(out, " -> %s", archive_entry_symlink(entry));
        fprintf(out, "\n");
}

static void
mode_pass(struct cpio *cpio, const char *destdir)
{
        struct lafe_line_reader *lr;
        const char *p;
        int r;

        /* Ensure target dir has a trailing '/' to simplify path surgery. */
        cpio->destdir = malloc(strlen(destdir) + 8);
        strcpy(cpio->destdir, destdir);
        if (destdir[strlen(destdir) - 1] != '/')
                strcat(cpio->destdir, "/");

        cpio->archive = archive_write_disk_new();
        if (cpio->archive == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
        r = archive_write_disk_set_options(cpio->archive, cpio->extract_flags);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
        cpio->linkresolver = archive_entry_linkresolver_new();
        archive_write_disk_set_standard_lookup(cpio->archive);

        cpio->archive_read_disk = archive_read_disk_new();
        if (cpio->archive_read_disk == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
        if (cpio->option_follow_links)
                archive_read_disk_set_symlink_logical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
        else
                archive_read_disk_set_symlink_physical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
        archive_read_disk_set_standard_lookup(cpio->archive_read_disk);

        lr = lafe_line_reader("-", cpio->option_null);
        while ((p = lafe_line_reader_next(lr)) != NULL)
                file_to_archive(cpio, p);
        lafe_line_reader_free(lr);

        archive_entry_linkresolver_free(cpio->linkresolver);
        r = archive_write_close(cpio->archive);
        if (cpio->dot)
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "%s", archive_error_string(cpio->archive));

        if (!cpio->quiet) {
                int64_t blocks =
                        (archive_filter_bytes(cpio->archive, 0) + 511)
                        / 512;
                fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
                    blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
        }

        archive_write_free(cpio->archive);
}

/*
 * Prompt for a new name for this entry.  Returns a pointer to the
 * new name or NULL if the entry should not be copied.  This
 * implements the semantics defined in POSIX.1-1996, which specifies
 * that an input of '.' means the name should be unchanged.  GNU cpio
 * treats '.' as a literal new name.
 */
static const char *
cpio_rename(const char *name)
{
        static char buff[1024];
        FILE *t;
        char *p, *ret;
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
        FILE *to;

        t = fopen("CONIN$", "r");
        if (t == NULL)
                return (name);
        to = fopen("CONOUT$", "w");
        if (to == NULL) {
                fclose(t);
                return (name);
        }
        fprintf(to, "%s (Enter/./(new name))? ", name);
        fclose(to);
#else
        t = fopen("/dev/tty", "r+");
        if (t == NULL)
                return (name);
        fprintf(t, "%s (Enter/./(new name))? ", name);
        fflush(t);
#endif

        p = fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), t);
        fclose(t);
        if (p == NULL)
                /* End-of-file is a blank line. */
                return (NULL);

        while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
                ++p;
        if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\0')
                /* Empty line. */
                return (NULL);
        if (*p == '.' && p[1] == '\n')
                /* Single period preserves original name. */
                return (name);
        ret = p;
        /* Trim the final newline. */
        while (*p != '\0' && *p != '\n')
                ++p;
        /* Overwrite the final \n with a null character. */
        *p = '\0';
        return (ret);
}

static void
free_cache(struct name_cache *cache)
{
        size_t i;

        if (cache != NULL) {
                for (i = 0; i < cache->size; i++)
                        free(cache->cache[i].name);
                free(cache);
        }
}

/*
 * Lookup uname/gname from uid/gid, return NULL if no match.
 */
static const char *
lookup_name(struct cpio *cpio, struct name_cache **name_cache_variable,
    int (*lookup_fn)(struct cpio *, const char **, id_t), id_t id)
{
        char asnum[16];
        struct name_cache       *cache;
        const char *name;
        int slot;


        if (*name_cache_variable == NULL) {
                *name_cache_variable = malloc(sizeof(struct name_cache));
                if (*name_cache_variable == NULL)
                        lafe_errc(1, ENOMEM, "No more memory");
                memset(*name_cache_variable, 0, sizeof(struct name_cache));
                (*name_cache_variable)->size = name_cache_size;
        }

        cache = *name_cache_variable;
        cache->probes++;

        slot = id % cache->size;
        if (cache->cache[slot].name != NULL) {
                if (cache->cache[slot].id == id) {
                        cache->hits++;
                        return (cache->cache[slot].name);
                }
                free(cache->cache[slot].name);
                cache->cache[slot].name = NULL;
        }

        if (lookup_fn(cpio, &name, id) == 0) {
                if (name == NULL || name[0] == '\0') {
                        /* If lookup failed, format it as a number. */
                        snprintf(asnum, sizeof(asnum), "%u", (unsigned)id);
                        name = asnum;
                }
                cache->cache[slot].name = strdup(name);
                if (cache->cache[slot].name != NULL) {
                        cache->cache[slot].id = id;
                        return (cache->cache[slot].name);
                }
                /*
                 * Conveniently, NULL marks an empty slot, so
                 * if the strdup() fails, we've just failed to
                 * cache it.  No recovery necessary.
                 */
        }
        return (NULL);
}

static const char *
lookup_uname(struct cpio *cpio, uid_t uid)
{
        return (lookup_name(cpio, &cpio->uname_cache,
                    &lookup_uname_helper, (id_t)uid));
}

static int
lookup_uname_helper(struct cpio *cpio, const char **name, id_t id)
{
        struct passwd   *pwent;

        (void)cpio; /* UNUSED */

        errno = 0;
        pwent = getpwuid((uid_t)id);
        if (pwent == NULL) {
                *name = NULL;
                if (errno != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
                        lafe_warnc(errno, "getpwuid(%s) failed",
                            cpio_i64toa((int64_t)id));
                return (errno);
        }

        *name = pwent->pw_name;
        return (0);
}

static const char *
lookup_gname(struct cpio *cpio, gid_t gid)
{
        return (lookup_name(cpio, &cpio->gname_cache,
                    &lookup_gname_helper, (id_t)gid));
}

static int
lookup_gname_helper(struct cpio *cpio, const char **name, id_t id)
{
        struct group    *grent;

        (void)cpio; /* UNUSED */

        errno = 0;
        grent = getgrgid((gid_t)id);
        if (grent == NULL) {
                *name = NULL;
                if (errno != 0)
                        lafe_warnc(errno, "getgrgid(%s) failed",
                            cpio_i64toa((int64_t)id));
                return (errno);
        }

        *name = grent->gr_name;
        return (0);
}

/*
 * It would be nice to just use printf() for formatting large numbers,
 * but the compatibility problems are a big headache.  Hence the
 * following simple utility function.
 */
const char *
cpio_i64toa(int64_t n0)
{
        /* 2^64 =~ 1.8 * 10^19, so 20 decimal digits suffice.
         * We also need 1 byte for '-' and 1 for '\0'.
         */
        static char buff[22];
        int64_t n = n0 < 0 ? -n0 : n0;
        char *p = buff + sizeof(buff);

        *--p = '\0';
        do {
                *--p = '0' + (int)(n % 10);
                n /= 10;
        } while (n > 0);
        if (n0 < 0)
                *--p = '-';
        return p;
}

#define PPBUFF_SIZE 1024
static const char *
passphrase_callback(struct archive *a, void *_client_data)
{
        struct cpio *cpio = (struct cpio *)_client_data;
        (void)a; /* UNUSED */

        if (cpio->ppbuff == NULL) {
                cpio->ppbuff = malloc(PPBUFF_SIZE);
                if (cpio->ppbuff == NULL)
                        lafe_errc(1, errno, "Out of memory");
        }
        return lafe_readpassphrase("Enter passphrase:",
                cpio->ppbuff, PPBUFF_SIZE);
}

static void
passphrase_free(char *ppbuff)
{
        if (ppbuff != NULL) {
                memset(ppbuff, 0, PPBUFF_SIZE);
                free(ppbuff);
        }
}