3 .\" Copyright (c) 1993 Winning Strategies, Inc.
4 .\" All rights reserved.
6 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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13 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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16 .\" This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc.
17 .\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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31 .\" $FreeBSD: src/bin/expr/expr.1,v 1.9.2.4 2003/05/16 22:55:19 keramida Exp $
38 .Nd evaluate expression
47 and writes the result on standard output.
49 All operators and operands must be passed as separate arguments.
50 Several of the operators have special meaning to command interpreters
51 and must therefore be quoted appropriately.
52 All integer operands are interpreted in base 10.
54 Arithmetic operations are performed using signed integer math.
56 Operators are listed below in order of increasing precedence; all
58 Operators with equal precedence are grouped within { } symbols.
59 .Bl -tag -width indent
61 Return the evaluation of
63 if it is neither an empty string nor zero;
64 otherwise, returns the evaluation of
66 .It Ar expr1 Li & Ar expr2
67 Return the evaluation of
69 if neither expression evaluates to an empty string or zero;
70 otherwise, returns zero.
71 .It Ar expr1 Li "{=, >, >=, <, <=, !=}" Ar expr2
72 Return the results of integer comparison if both arguments are integers;
73 otherwise, returns the results of string comparison using the locale-specific
75 The result of each comparison is 1 if the specified relation is true,
76 or 0 if the relation is false.
77 .It Ar expr1 Li "{+, -}" Ar expr2
78 Return the results of addition or subtraction of integer-valued arguments.
79 .It Ar expr1 Li "{*, /, %}" Ar expr2
80 Return the results of multiplication, integer division, or remainder of integer-valued arguments.
81 .It Ar expr1 Li : Ar expr2
88 which must be a regular expression. The regular expression is anchored
89 to the beginning of the string with an implicit
92 If the match succeeds and the pattern contains at least one regular
93 expression subexpression
95 the string corresponding to
98 otherwise the matching operator returns the number of characters matched.
99 If the match fails and the pattern contains a regular expression subexpression
100 the null string is returned;
104 Parentheses are used for grouping in the usual manner.
108 utility exits with one of the following values:
109 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
111 the expression is neither an empty string nor 0.
113 the expression is an empty string or 0.
115 the expression is invalid.
120 The following example adds one to the variable a.
123 The following example returns the filename portion of a pathname stored
124 in variable a. The // characters act to eliminate ambiguity with the
126 .Dl expr "//$a" Li : '.*/\e(.*\e)'
128 The following example returns the number of characters in variable a.
129 .Dl expr $a Li : '.*'
142 utility first appeared in the Programmer's Workbench (PWB/UNIX).
143 A public domain version of
147 .Aq Mt pace@blitz.com
151 Initial implementation by
153 .Aq Mt pace@blitz.com
154 was largely rewritten by
157 .Aq Mt jtc@FreeBSD.org .