1 # @(#)bsd.README 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
2 # $FreeBSD: src/share/mk/bsd.README,v 1.25 2003/05/17 18:03:05 trhodes Exp $
3 # $DragonFly: src/share/mk/bsd.README,v 1.8 2008/03/02 19:56:53 swildner Exp $
5 This is the README file for the "include" files for the DragonFly
6 source tree. The files are installed in /usr/share/mk, and are, by
7 convention, named with the suffix ".mk". These files store several
8 build options and should be handled with caution.
10 Note, this file is not intended to replace reading through the .mk
11 files for anything tricky.
13 There are two main types of make include files. One type is the generally
14 usable make include files, such as bsd.prog.mk and bsd.lib.mk. The other is
15 the internal make include files, such as bsd.files.mk and bsd.man.mk, which
16 can not/should not be used directly but are used by the other make include
17 files. In most cases it is only interesting to include bsd.prog.mk or
20 bsd.cpu.gcc41.mk - handle GCC 4.1 specific CPU flags & variables
21 bsd.cpu.mk - handle CPU flags & variables
22 bsd.dep.mk - handle Makefile dependencies
23 bsd.doc.mk - building troff system documents
24 bsd.files.mk - install of general purpose files
27 bsd.incs.mk - install of include files
28 bsd.info.mk - building GNU Info hypertext system
29 bsd.init.mk - initialization for the make include files
30 bsd.kmod.mk - building loadable kernel modules
31 bsd.lib.mk - support for building libraries
32 bsd.libnames.mk - define library names
33 bsd.links.mk - install of links (sym/hard)
34 bsd.man.mk - install of manual pages and their links
35 bsd.nls.mk - build and install of NLS catalogs
36 bsd.obj.mk - creating 'obj' directories and cleaning up
37 bsd.own.mk - define common variables
39 bsd.prog.mk - building programs from source files
40 bsd.subdir.mk - targets for building subdirectories
41 bsd.sys.mk - common settings used for building FreeBSD sources
42 sys.mk - default rules for all makes
45 See also make(1), mkdep(1) and `PMake - A Tutorial',
46 located in /usr/src/share/doc/psd/12.make.
48 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
50 Random things worth knowing about this document:
52 If appropriate when documenting the variables the default value is
53 indicated using square brackets e.g. [gzip].
54 In some cases the default value depend on other values (e.g. system
55 architecture). In these cases the most common value is indicated.
57 This document contains some simple examples of the usage of the BSD make
58 include files. For more examples look at the makefiles in the DragonFly
61 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
63 RANDOM THINGS WORTH KNOWING:
65 The files are like C-style #include files, and pretty much behave like
66 you'd expect. The syntax is slightly different in that a single '.' is
67 used instead of the hash mark, i.e. ".include <bsd.prog.mk>".
69 One difference that will save you lots of debugging time is that inclusion
70 of the file is normally done at the *end* of the Makefile. The reason for
71 this is because .mk files often modify variables and behavior based on the
72 values of variables set in the Makefile. To make this work, remember that
73 the FIRST target found is the target that is used, i.e. if the Makefile has:
80 the command "make a" will echo "a". To make things confusing, the SECOND
81 variable assignment is the overriding one, i.e. if the Makefile has:
89 the command "make b" will echo "bar". This is for compatibility with the
90 way the V7 make behaved.
92 It's fairly difficult to make the BSD .mk files work when you're building
93 multiple programs in a single directory. It's a lot easier split up the
94 programs than to deal with the problem. Most of the agony comes from making
95 the "obj" directory stuff work right, not because we switch to a new version
96 of make. So, don't get mad at us, figure out a better way to handle multiple
97 architectures so we can quit using the symbolic link stuff. (Imake doesn't
100 The file .depend in the source directory is expected to contain dependencies
101 for the source files. This file is read automatically by make after reading
104 The variable DESTDIR works as before. It's not set anywhere but will change
105 the tree where the file gets installed.
107 The profiled libraries are no longer built in a different directory than
108 the regular libraries. A new suffix, ".po", is used to denote a profiled
111 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
113 The include file <sys.mk> has the default rules for all makes, in the BSD
114 environment or otherwise. You probably don't want to touch this file.
116 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
118 The include file <bsd.man.mk> handles installing manual pages and their
121 It has three targets:
126 install the manual pages and their links.
128 verify the validity of manual pages.
130 It sets/uses the following variables:
132 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
140 MANSUBDIR Subdirectory under the manual page section, i.e. "/vax"
141 or "/tahoe" for machine specific manual pages.
143 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
145 MLINKS List of manual page links (using a .1 - .9 suffix). The
146 linked-to file must come first, the linked file second,
147 and there may be multiple pairs. The files are soft-linked.
149 The include file <bsd.man.mk> includes a file named "../Makefile.inc" if
152 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
154 The include file <bsd.own.mk> contains the owners, groups, etc. for both
155 manual pages and binaries.
159 It sets/uses the following variables:
167 STRIP The flag passed to the install program to cause the binary
168 to be stripped. This is to be used when building your
169 own install script so that the entire system can be made
170 stripped/not-stripped using a single knob.
172 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
180 This file is generally useful when building your own Makefiles so that
181 they use the same default owners etc. as the rest of the tree.
183 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
185 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> handles building programs from one or
186 more source files, along with their manual pages. It has a limited number
187 of suffixes, consistent with the current needs of the BSD tree.
189 It has seven targets:
192 build the program and its manual page
194 remove the program and any object files.
196 remove all of the files removed by the target clean, as
197 well as .depend, tags, and any manual pages.
199 make the dependencies for the source files, and store
200 them in the file .depend.
202 install the program and its manual pages; if the Makefile
203 does not itself define the target install, the targets
204 beforeinstall and afterinstall may also be used to cause
205 actions immediately before and after the install target
208 run lint on the source files
210 create a tags file for the source files.
212 It sets/uses the following variables:
220 CLEANFILES Additional files to remove and
221 CLEANDIRS additional directories to remove during clean and cleandir
222 targets. "rm -f" and "rm -rf" used respectively.
224 COPTS Additional flags to the compiler when creating C objects.
226 FILES A list of non-executable files.
227 The installation is controlled by the FILESNAME, FILESOWN,
228 FILESGRP, FILESMODE, FILESDIR variables that can be
229 further specialized by <VAR>_<file>.
231 HIDEGAME If HIDEGAME is defined, the binary is installed in
232 /usr/games/hide, and a symbolic link is created to
235 LDADD Additional loader objects. Usually used for libraries.
236 For example, to load with the compatibility and utility
239 LDFILES=-lutil -lcompat
241 LDFLAGS Additional loader flags.
243 LINKS The list of binary links; should be full pathnames, the
244 linked-to file coming first, followed by the linked
245 file. The files are hard-linked. For example, to link
246 /bin/test and /bin/[, use:
248 LINKS= ${DESTDIR}/bin/test ${DESTDIR}/bin/[
250 MAN Manual pages (should end in .1 - .9). If no MAN variable
251 is defined, "MAN=${PROG}.1" is assumed.
253 PROG The name of the program to build. If not supplied, nothing
256 PROG_CXX If defined, the name of the program to build. Also
257 causes <bsd.prog.mk> to link the program with the
258 standard C++ library. PROG_CXX overrides the value
259 of PROG if PROG is also set.
261 PROGNAME The name that the above program will be installed as, if
262 different from ${PROG}.
264 SRCS List of source files to build the program. If SRCS is not
265 defined, it's assumed to be ${PROG}.c or, if PROG_CXX is
266 defined, ${PROG_CXX}.cc.
268 DPADD Additional dependencies for the program. Usually used for
269 libraries. For example, to depend on the compatibility and
270 utility libraries use:
272 SRCLIB=${LIBCOMPAT} ${LIBUTIL}
274 There is a predefined identifier for each (non-profiled,
275 non-shared) library and object. Library file names are
276 transformed to identifiers by removing the extension and
277 converting to upper case.
279 There are no special identifiers for profiled or shared
280 libraries or objects. The identifiers for the standard
281 libraries are used in DPADD. This works correctly iff all
282 the libraries are built at the same time. Unfortunately,
283 it causes unnecessary relinks to shared libraries when
284 only the static libraries have changed. Dependencies on
285 shared libraries should be only on the library version
288 STRIP The flag passed to the install program to cause the binary
289 to be stripped. This is to be used when building your
290 own install script so that the entire system can be made
291 stripped/not-stripped using a single knob.
293 SUBDIR A list of subdirectories that should be built as well.
294 Each of the targets will execute the same target in the
297 SCRIPTS A list of interpreter scripts [file.{sh,csh,pl,awk,...}].
298 The installation is controlled by the SCRIPTSNAME, SCRIPTSOWN,
299 SCRIPTSGRP, SCRIPTSMODE, SCRIPTSDIR variables that can be
300 further specialized by SCRIPTS<VAR>_<script>.
302 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
303 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
305 Some simple examples:
307 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.1, use:
311 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
313 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.2, add the line:
317 If foo does not have a manual page at all, add the line:
321 If foo has multiple source files, add the line:
323 SRCS= a.c b.c c.c d.c
325 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
327 The include file <bsd.subdir.mk> contains the default targets for building
328 subdirectories. It has the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean,
329 cleandir, depend, install, lint, and tags. For all of the directories
330 listed in the variable SUBDIRS, the specified directory will be visited
331 and the target made. There is also a default target which allows the
332 command "make subdir" where subdir is any directory listed in the variable
335 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
337 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> has support for building libraries. It has
338 the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean, cleandir, depend,
339 install, lint, and tags. It has a limited number of suffixes, consistent
340 with the current needs of the BSD tree.
342 It sets/uses the following variables:
344 LIBDIR Target directory for libraries.
346 LINTLIBDIR Target directory for lint libraries.
348 LIBGRP Library group.
350 LIBOWN Library owner.
352 LIBMODE Library mode.
354 LDADD Additional loader objects.
356 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
358 SRCS List of source files to build the library. Suffix types
359 .s, .c, and .f are supported. Note, .s files are preferred
360 to .c files of the same name. (This is not the default for
363 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
364 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
366 It has rules for building profiled objects; profiled libraries are
369 Libraries are ranlib'd before installation.