1 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/getopt/getopt.1,v 1.10.2.5 2002/12/29 16:35:39 schweikh Exp $
2 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/getopt/getopt.1,v 1.5 2008/05/02 02:05:07 swildner Exp $
9 .Nd parse command options
11 .Nm args=\`getopt Ar optstring $*\`
12 ; errcode=$?; set \-\- $args
16 utility is used to break up options in command lines for easy parsing by
17 shell procedures, and to check for legal options.
19 is a string of recognized option letters (see
21 if a letter is followed by a colon, the option
22 is expected to have an argument which may or may not be
23 separated from it by white space.
26 is used to delimit the end of the options.
31 in the arguments at the end of the options,
32 or recognize it if used explicitly.
34 (\fB$1 $2\fR ...) are reset so that each option is
37 and in its own shell argument;
38 each option argument is also in its own shell argument.
40 The following code fragment shows how one might process the arguments
41 for a command that can take the options
47 which requires an argument.
48 .Bd -literal -offset indent
49 args=\`getopt abo: $*\`
50 # you should not use \`getopt abo: "$@"\` since that would parse
51 # the arguments differently from what the set command below does.
58 # You cannot use the set command with a backquoted getopt directly,
59 # since the exit code from getopt would be shadowed by those of set,
60 # which is zero by definition.
66 echo flag $i set; sflags="${i#-}$sflags";
69 echo oarg is "'"$2"'"; oarg="$2"; shift;
75 echo single-char flags: "'"$sflags"'"
76 echo oarg is "'"$oarg"'"
79 This code will accept any of the following as equivalent:
80 .Bd -literal -offset indent
82 cmd \-a \-o arg file file
83 cmd \-oarg -a file file
84 cmd \-a \-oarg \-\- file file
89 utility prints an error message on the standard error output and exits with
90 status > 0 when it encounters an option letter not included in
98 working from a Bell Labs manual page.
99 Behavior believed identical to the Bell version.
108 Arguments containing white space or embedded shell metacharacters
109 generally will not survive intact; this looks easy to fix but
110 isn't. People trying to fix
112 or the example in this manpage should check the history of this file
116 The error message for an invalid option is identified as coming
119 rather than from the shell procedure containing the invocation
122 this again is hard to fix.
124 The precise best way to use the
126 command to set the arguments without disrupting the value(s) of
127 shell options varies from one shell version to another.
129 Each shellscript has to carry complex code to parse arguments halfway
130 correctly (like the example presented here). A better getopt-like tool
131 would move much of the complexity into the tool and keep the client
132 shell scripts simpler.