1 $Id: INSTALL,v 1.2 2014/08/10 17:22:26 schwarze Exp $
3 About mdocml, the portable mandoc distribution
4 ----------------------------------------------
5 The mandoc manpage compiler toolset is a suite of tools compiling
6 mdoc(7), the roff(7) macro language of choice for BSD manual pages,
7 and man(7), the predominant historical language for UNIX manuals.
8 The toolset does not yet implement man(1); that is only scheduled
9 for the next release, 1.13.2. It can, however, already serve to
10 translate source manpages to the output displayed by man(1).
11 For general information, see <http://mdocml.bsd.lv/>.
13 In this document, we describe the installation and deployment of
14 mandoc(1), first as a simple, standalone formatter, and then as part of
17 In case you have questions or want to provide feedback, read
18 <http://mdocml.bsd.lv/contact.html>. Consider subscribing to the
19 discuss@ mailing list mentioned on that page. If you intend to
20 help with the development of mandoc, consider subscribing to the
21 tech@ mailing list, too.
23 Enjoy using the mandoc toolset!
25 Ingo Schwarze, Karlsruhe, August 2014
30 Before manually installing mandoc on your system, please check
31 whether the newest version of mandoc is already installed by default
32 or available via a binary package or a ports system. A list of the
33 latest bundled and ported versions of mandoc for various operating
34 systems is maintained at <http://mdocml.bsd.lv/ports.html>.
36 If mandoc is installed, you can check the version by running "mandoc -V".
37 The version contained in this distribution tarball is listed near
38 the beginning of the file "Makefile".
40 Regarding how packages and ports are maintained for your operating
41 system, please consult your operating system documentation.
42 To install mandoc manually, the following steps are needed:
44 1. Decide whether you want to build the base tools mandoc(1),
45 preconv(1) and demandoc(1) only or whether you also want to build the
46 database tools apropos(1) and makewhatis(8). For the latter,
47 the following dependencies are required:
49 1.1. The SQLite database system, see <http://sqlite.org/>.
50 The recommended version of SQLite is 3.8.4.3 or newer. The mandoc
51 toolset is known to work with version 3.7.5 or newer. Versions
52 older than 3.8.3 may not achieve full performance due to the
53 missing SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC optimization flag. Versions older
54 than 3.8.0 may not show full error information if opening a database
55 fails due to the missing sqlite3_errstr() API. Both are very minor
56 problems, apropos(1) is fully usable with SQLite 3.7.5. Versions
57 older than 3.7.5 may or may not work, they have not been tested.
59 1.2. The fts(3) directory traversion functions.
60 A compatibility version will be bundled for 1.13.2 but is not available
61 yet. If you want apropos(1) and makewhatis(8) but do not have fts(3),
62 please stay with mandoc 1.12.3 for now and upgrade first to 1.12.4,
63 then to 1.13.2 when these versionns are released. Be careful: the
64 glibc version of fts(3) is known to be broken on 32bit platforms,
65 see <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15838>.
67 1.3. Marc Espie's ohash(3) library.
68 If your system does not have it, the bundled compatibility version
69 will be used, so you probably need not worry about it.
71 2. If you choose to build the database tools, too, decide whether
72 you also want to build the CGI program, man.cgi(8).
74 3. Read the beginning of the file "Makefile" from "USER SETTINGS"
75 to "END OF USER SETTINGS" and edit it as required. In particular,
76 disable "BUILD_TARGETS += db-build" if you do not want database
77 support or enable "BUILD_TARGETS += cgi-build" if you do want
80 4. Run "make". No separate "./configure" or "make depend" steps
81 are needed. The former is run automatically by "make". The latter
82 is a maintainer target. If you merely want to build the released
83 version as opposed to doing active development, there is no need
84 to regenerate the dependency specifications. Any POSIX-compatible
85 make, in particular both BSD make and GNU make, should work.
87 5. Run "make -n install" and check whether everything will be
88 installed to the intended places. Otherwise, edit the *DIR variables
89 in the Makefile until it is.
91 6. Run "sudo make install". If you intend to build a binary
92 package using some kind of fake root mechanism, you may need a
93 command like "make DESTDIR=... install". Read the *-install targets
94 in the "Makefile" to understand how DESTDIR is used.
96 7. To set up a man.cgi(8) server, read its manual page.
98 8. To use mandoc(1) as your man(1) formatter, read the "Deployment"
102 Checking autoconfiguration quality
103 ----------------------------------
104 If you want to check whether automatic configuration works well
105 on your platform, consider the following:
107 The mandoc package intentionally does not use GNU autoconf because
108 we consider that toolset a blatant example of overengineering that
109 is obsolete nowadays, since all modern operating systems are now
110 reasonably close to POSIX and do not need arcane shell magic any
111 longer. If your system does need such magic, consider upgrading
112 to reasonably modern POSIX-compliant tools rather than asking for
113 autoconf-style workarounds.
115 As far as mandoc is using any features not mandated by ANSI X3.159-1989
116 ("ANSI C") or IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 ("POSIX") that some modern systems
117 do not have, we intend to provide autoconfiguration tests and
118 compat_*.c implementations. Please report any that turn out to be
119 missing. Note that while we do strive to produce portable code,
120 we do not slavishly restrict ourselves to POSIX-only interfaces.
121 For improved security and readability, we do use well-designed,
122 modern interfaces like reallocarray(3) even if they are still rather
123 uncommon, of course bundling compat_*.c implementations as needed.
125 Where mandoc is using ANSI C or POSIX features that some systems
126 still lack and that compat_*.c implementations can be provided for
127 without too much hassle, we will consider adding them, too, so
128 please report whatever is missing on your platform.
130 The following steps can be used to manually check the automatic
131 configuration on your platform:
135 2. Run "make config.h"
137 3. Read the file "config.log". It shows the compiler commands used
138 to test the libraries installed on your system and the standard
139 output and standard error output these commands produce. Watch out
140 for unexpected failures. Those are most likely to happen if headers
141 or libraries are installed in unusual places or interfaces defined
142 in unusual headers. You can also look at the file "config.h" and
143 check that no expected "#define HAVE_*" lines are missing. The
144 list of tests run can be found in the file "configure".
149 If you want to integrate the mandoc(1) tools with your existing
150 man(1) system as a formatter, then contact us first: on systems without
151 mandoc(1) as the default, you may have your work cut out for you!
152 Usually, you can have your default installation and mandoc(1) work right
153 alongside each other by using user-specific versions of the files
156 0. Back up each file you want to change!
158 1. First see whether your system has "/etc/man.conf" or "/etc/manpath.conf"
159 (if it has neither, but man(1) is functional, then let us know) or,
160 if running as your own user, a per-user override file. In either
161 case, find where man(1) is executing nroff(1) or groff(1) to format
162 manuals. Replace these calls with mandoc(1).
164 2. Then make sure that man(1) isn't running preprocessors, so you may
165 need to replace tbl(1), eqn(1), and similar references with cat(1).
166 Some man(1) implementations, like that on Mac OSX, let you run "man -d"
167 to see how the formatter is invoked. Use this to test your changes. On
168 Mac OS X, for instance, man(1) will prepend all files with ".ll" and
169 ".nr" to set the terminal size, so you need to pass "tail -n+2 |
170 mandoc(1)" to disregard them.
172 3. Finally, make sure that mandoc(1) is actually being invoked instead
173 of cached pages being pulled up. You can usually do this by commenting
174 out NOCACHE or similar.
176 mandoc(1) still has a long way to go in understanding non-trivial
177 low-level roff(7) markup embedded in some man(7) pages. On the BSD
178 systems using mandoc(1), third-party software is generally vetted
179 on whether it may be formatted with mandoc(1). If not, groff(1)
180 is pulled in as a dependency and used to install a pre-formatted
181 "catpage" intead of directly as manual page source.
183 For more background on switching operating systems to use mandoc(1)
184 instead of groff(1) to format manuals, see the two BSDCan presentations
186 <http://www.openbsd.org/papers/bsdcan11-mandoc-openbsd.html>
187 <http://www.openbsd.org/papers/bsdcan14-mandoc.pdf>