1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | |
157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
171 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
175 FreeBSD 5.1 | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current DragonFly 1.0
177 | ----- Mac OS X | | |
181 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
183 FreeBSD 6 -current | | | |
190 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
191 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
193 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
194 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
195 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
196 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
197 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
198 [DFB] DragonFly BSD Project, The.
199 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
200 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
201 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
202 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
203 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
204 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
205 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
206 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
207 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
208 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
209 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
210 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
211 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
212 [USE] Usenet announcement.
213 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
214 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
219 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
220 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
221 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
222 10 UNIX installations
223 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
224 Pipes, 16 installations
225 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
226 rewriting in C effected,
227 above 30 installations
228 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
229 above 50 installations
230 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
232 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
234 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
235 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
236 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
237 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
238 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
239 and networking part by the streams mechanism
241 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
242 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
246 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
247 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
248 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
250 75 2BSD tapes shipped
252 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
254 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
255 set of performance improvements
256 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
258 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
259 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
260 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
261 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
262 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
264 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
266 virtual memory, page replacement,
269 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
271 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
272 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
274 beta release, IPC [44B]
275 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
277 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
278 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
279 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
280 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
282 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
283 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
285 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
286 first code released to people outside BSDI
287 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
288 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
289 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
290 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
291 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
292 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
293 first external gamma; G customers
294 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
295 would have been 1.0 except for request
296 for preliminary injunction
297 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
298 injunction denied; first official release
299 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
300 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
301 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
302 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
303 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
304 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
305 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD]
306 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD]
307 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release.
308 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
309 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
310 FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD]
311 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
312 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
313 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
314 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
315 the true final distribution from the CSRG
316 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
317 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
318 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
319 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
320 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
321 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
322 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
323 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
325 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
326 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
327 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
328 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
329 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
330 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
331 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
332 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
333 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
334 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
335 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
336 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
337 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
338 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
339 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
340 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
341 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
342 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
343 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
344 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
345 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
346 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
347 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
348 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
349 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
350 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
351 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
352 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
353 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
354 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
355 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
356 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
357 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
358 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
359 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
360 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
361 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
362 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
363 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
364 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
365 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
366 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
367 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
368 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
369 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
370 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
371 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
372 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
373 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
374 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
375 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
376 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
377 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
378 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
379 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
380 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
381 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
382 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
383 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
384 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
385 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
386 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
387 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
388 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
389 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
390 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
391 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
392 -current, similar to 3.0.
393 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
394 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
395 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
396 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
397 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
398 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
399 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
400 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
401 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
402 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
403 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
404 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
405 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
406 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
407 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB]
410 ------------------------
412 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
413 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
414 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
416 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
417 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
419 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
420 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
421 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
423 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
424 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
425 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
427 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
429 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
430 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
431 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
433 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
434 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable)
436 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
437 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
439 BSD Release Announcements collection.
440 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
442 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
443 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
445 UNIX history graphing project
446 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
449 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
451 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
452 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
453 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
459 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
460 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
462 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
465 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
466 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
468 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.21.2.14 2003/04/07 05:22:13 murray Exp $
469 $DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.5 2004/10/24 20:05:07 geekgod Exp $