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1 .\" Copyright (c) 1997-2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
2 .\" All rights reserved.
3 .\"
4 .\" This file was contributed to The NetBSD Foundation by Luke Mewburn.
5 .\"
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7 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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17 .\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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34 .\" $NetBSD: editline.3,v 1.46 2005/03/19 17:36:02 christos Exp $
35 .\" $DragonFly: src/lib/libedit/editline.3,v 1.3 2005/11/13 11:58:30 corecode Exp $
36 .\"
37 .Dd March 19, 2005
38 .Os
39 .Dt EDITLINE 3
40 .Sh NAME
41 .Nm editline ,
42 .Nm el_init ,
43 .Nm el_end ,
44 .Nm el_reset ,
45 .Nm el_gets ,
46 .Nm el_getc ,
47 .Nm el_push ,
48 .Nm el_parse ,
49 .Nm el_set ,
50 .Nm el_source ,
51 .Nm el_resize ,
52 .Nm el_line ,
53 .Nm el_insertstr ,
54 .Nm el_deletestr ,
55 .Nm history_init ,
56 .Nm history_end ,
57 .Nm history ,
58 .Nm tok_init ,
59 .Nm tok_end ,
60 .Nm tok_reset ,
61 .Nm tok_line ,
62 .Nm tok_str
63 .Nd line editor, history and tokenization functions
64 .Sh LIBRARY
65 .Lb libedit
66 .Sh SYNOPSIS
67 .In histedit.h
68 .Ft EditLine *
69 .Fn el_init "const char *prog" "FILE *fin" "FILE *fout" "FILE *ferr"
70 .Ft void
71 .Fn el_end "EditLine *e"
72 .Ft void
73 .Fn el_reset "EditLine *e"
74 .Ft const char *
75 .Fn el_gets "EditLine *e" "int *count"
76 .Ft int
77 .Fn el_getc "EditLine *e" "char *ch"
78 .Ft void
79 .Fn el_push "EditLine *e" "const char *str"
80 .Ft int
81 .Fn el_parse "EditLine *e" "int argc" "const char *argv[]"
82 .Ft int
83 .Fn el_set "EditLine *e" "int op" "..."
84 .Ft int
85 .Fn el_get "EditLine *e" "int op" "void *result"
86 .Ft int
87 .Fn el_source "EditLine *e" "const char *file"
88 .Ft void
89 .Fn el_resize "EditLine *e"
90 .Ft const LineInfo *
91 .Fn el_line "EditLine *e"
92 .Ft int
93 .Fn el_insertstr "EditLine *e" "const char *str"
94 .Ft void
95 .Fn el_deletestr "EditLine *e" "int count"
96 .Ft History *
97 .Fn history_init
98 .Ft void
99 .Fn history_end "History *h"
100 .Ft int
101 .Fn history "History *h" "HistEvent *ev" "int op" "..."
102 .Ft Tokenizer *
103 .Fn tok_init "const char *IFS"
104 .Ft void
105 .Fn tok_end "Tokenizer *t"
106 .Ft void
107 .Fn tok_reset "Tokenizer *t"
108 .Ft int
109 .Fn tok_line "Tokenizer *t" "const LineInfo *li" "int *argc" "const char **argv[]" "int *cursorc" "int *cursoro"
110 .Ft int
111 .Fn tok_str "Tokenizer *t" "const char *str" "int *argc" "const char **argv[]"
112 .Sh DESCRIPTION
113 The
114 .Nm
115 library provides generic line editing, history and tokenization functions,
116 similar to those found in
117 .Xr sh 1 .
118 .Pp
119 These functions are available in the
120 .Nm libedit
121 library (which needs the
122 .Nm libtermcap
123 library).
124 Programs should be linked with
125 .Fl ledit ltermcap .
126 .Sh LINE EDITING FUNCTIONS
127 The line editing functions use a common data structure,
128 .Fa EditLine ,
129 which is created by
130 .Fn el_init
131 and freed by
132 .Fn el_end .
133 .Pp
134 The following functions are available:
135 .Bl -tag -width 4n
136 .It Fn el_init
137 Initialise the line editor, and return a data structure
138 to be used by all other line editing functions.
139 .Fa prog
140 is the name of the invoking program, used when reading the
141 .Xr editrc 5
142 file to determine which settings to use.
143 .Fa fin ,
144 .Fa fout
145 and
146 .Fa ferr
147 are the input, output, and error streams (respectively) to use.
148 In this documentation, references to
149 .Dq the tty
150 are actually to this input/output stream combination.
151 .It Fn el_end
152 Clean up and finish with
153 .Fa e ,
154 assumed to have been created with
155 .Fn el_init .
156 .It Fn el_reset
157 Reset the tty and the parser.
158 This should be called after an error which may have upset the tty's
159 state.
160 .It Fn el_gets
161 Read a line from the tty.
162 .Fa count
163 is modified to contain the number of characters read.
164 Returns the line read if successful, or
165 .Dv NULL
166 if no characters were read or if an error occurred.
167 .It Fn el_getc
168 Read a character from the tty.
169 .Fa ch
170 is modified to contain the character read.
171 Returns the number of characters read if successful, \-1 otherwise.
172 .It Fn el_push
173 Pushes
174 .Fa str
175 back onto the input stream.
176 This is used by the macro expansion mechanism.
177 Refer to the description of
178 .Ic bind
179 .Fl s
180 in
181 .Xr editrc 5
182 for more information.
183 .It Fn el_parse
184 Parses the
185 .Fa argv
186 array (which is
187 .Fa argc
188 elements in size)
189 to execute builtin
190 .Nm
191 commands.
192 If the command is prefixed with
193 .Dq prog :
194 then
195 .Fn el_parse
196 will only execute the command if
197 .Dq prog
198 matches the
199 .Fa prog
200 argument supplied to
201 .Fn el_init .
202 The return value is
203 \-1 if the command is unknown,
204 0 if there was no error or
205 .Dq prog
206 didn't match, or
207 1 if the command returned an error.
208 Refer to
209 .Xr editrc 5
210 for more information.
211 .It Fn el_set
212 Set
213 .Nm
214 parameters.
215 .Fa op
216 determines which parameter to set, and each operation has its
217 own parameter list.
218 .Pp
219 The following values for
220 .Fa op
221 are supported, along with the required argument list:
222 .Bl -tag -width 4n
223 .It Dv EL_PROMPT , Fa "char *(*f)(EditLine *)"
224 Define prompt printing function as
225 .Fa f ,
226 which is to return a string that contains the prompt.
227 .It Dv EL_RPROMPT , Fa "char *(*f)(EditLine *)"
228 Define right side prompt printing function as
229 .Fa f ,
230 which is to return a string that contains the prompt.
231 .It Dv EL_TERMINAL , Fa "const char *type"
232 Define terminal type of the tty to be
233 .Fa type ,
234 or to
235 .Ev TERM
236 if
237 .Fa type
238 is
239 .Dv NULL .
240 .It Dv EL_EDITOR , Fa "const char *mode"
241 Set editing mode to
242 .Fa mode ,
243 which must be one of
244 .Dq emacs
245 or
246 .Dq vi .
247 .It Dv EL_SIGNAL , Fa "int flag"
248 If
249 .Fa flag
250 is non-zero,
251 .Nm
252 will install its own signal handler for the following signals when
253 reading command input:
254 .Dv SIGCONT ,
255 .Dv SIGHUP ,
256 .Dv SIGINT ,
257 .Dv SIGQUIT ,
258 .Dv SIGSTOP ,
259 .Dv SIGTERM ,
260 .Dv SIGTSTP ,
261 and
262 .Dv SIGWINCH .
263 Otherwise, the current signal handlers will be used.
264 .It Dv EL_BIND , Xo
265 .Fa "const char *" ,
266 .Fa "..." ,
267 .Dv NULL
268 .Xc
269 Perform the
270 .Ic bind
271 builtin command.
272 Refer to
273 .Xr editrc 5
274 for more information.
275 .It Dv EL_ECHOTC , Xo
276 .Fa "const char *" ,
277 .Fa "..." ,
278 .Dv NULL
279 .Xc
280 Perform the
281 .Ic echotc
282 builtin command.
283 Refer to
284 .Xr editrc 5
285 for more information.
286 .It Dv EL_SETTC , Xo
287 .Fa "const char *" ,
288 .Fa "..." ,
289 .Dv NULL
290 .Xc
291 Perform the
292 .Ic settc
293 builtin command.
294 Refer to
295 .Xr editrc 5
296 for more information.
297 .It Dv EL_SETTY , Xo
298 .Fa "const char *" ,
299 .Fa "..." ,
300 .Dv NULL
301 .Xc
302 Perform the
303 .Ic setty
304 builtin command.
305 Refer to
306 .Xr editrc 5
307 for more information.
308 .It Dv EL_TELLTC , Xo
309 .Fa "const char *" ,
310 .Fa "..." ,
311 .Dv NULL
312 .Xc
313 Perform the
314 .Ic telltc
315 builtin command.
316 Refer to
317 .Xr editrc 5
318 for more information.
319 .It Dv EL_ADDFN , Xo
320 .Fa "const char *name" ,
321 .Fa "const char *help" ,
322 .Fa "unsigned char (*func)(EditLine *e, int ch)"
323 .Xc
324 Add a user defined function,
325 .Fn func ,
326 referred to as
327 .Fa name
328 which is invoked when a key which is bound to
329 .Fa name
330 is entered.
331 .Fa help
332 is a description of
333 .Fa name .
334 At invocation time,
335 .Fa ch
336 is the key which caused the invocation.
337 The return value of
338 .Fn func
339 should be one of:
340 .Bl -tag -width "CC_REDISPLAY"
341 .It Dv CC_NORM
342 Add a normal character.
343 .It Dv CC_NEWLINE
344 End of line was entered.
345 .It Dv CC_EOF
346 EOF was entered.
347 .It Dv CC_ARGHACK
348 Expecting further command input as arguments, do nothing visually.
349 .It Dv CC_REFRESH
350 Refresh display.
351 .It Dv CC_REFRESH_BEEP
352 Refresh display, and beep.
353 .It Dv CC_CURSOR
354 Cursor moved, so update and perform
355 .Dv CC_REFRESH .
356 .It Dv CC_REDISPLAY
357 Redisplay entire input line.
358 This is useful if a key binding outputs extra information.
359 .It Dv CC_ERROR
360 An error occurred.
361 Beep, and flush tty.
362 .It Dv CC_FATAL
363 Fatal error, reset tty to known state.
364 .El
365 .It Dv EL_HIST , Xo
366 .Fa "History *(*func)(History *, int op, ...)" ,
367 .Fa "const char *ptr"
368 .Xc
369 Defines which history function to use, which is usually
370 .Fn history .
371 .Fa ptr
372 should be the value returned by
373 .Fn history_init .
374 .It Dv EL_EDITMODE , Fa "int flag"
375 If
376 .Fa flag
377 is non-zero,
378 editing is enabled (the default).
379 Note that this is only an indication, and does not
380 affect the operation of
381 .Nm .
382 At this time, it is the caller's responsibility to
383 check this
384 (using
385 .Fn el_get )
386 to determine if editing should be enabled or not.
387 .It Dv EL_GETCFN , Fa "int (*f)(EditLine *, char *c)"
388 Define the character reading function as
389 .Fa f ,
390 which is to return the number of characters read and store them in
391 .Fa c .
392 This function is called internally by
393 .Fn el_gets
394 and
395 .Fn el_getc .
396 The builtin function can be set or restored with the special function
397 name ``EL_BUILTIN_GETCFN''.
398 .It Dv EL_CLIENTDATA , Fa "void *data"
399 Register
400 .Fa data
401 to be associated with this EditLine structure.
402 It can be retrieved with the corresponding
403 .Fn el_get
404 call.
405 .El
406 .It Fn el_get
407 Get
408 .Nm
409 parameters.
410 .Fa op
411 determines which parameter to retrieve into
412 .Fa result .
413 Returns 0 if successful, \-1 otherwise.
414 .Pp
415 The following values for
416 .Fa op
417 are supported, along with actual type of
418 .Fa result :
419 .Bl -tag -width 4n
420 .It Dv EL_PROMPT , Fa "char *(*f)(EditLine *)"
421 Return a pointer to the function that displays the prompt.
422 .It Dv EL_RPROMPT , Fa "char *(*f)(EditLine *)"
423 Return a pointer to the function that displays the rightside prompt.
424 .It Dv EL_EDITOR , Fa "const char *"
425 Return the name of the editor, which will be one of
426 .Dq emacs
427 or
428 .Dq vi .
429 .It Dv EL_SIGNAL , Fa "int *"
430 Return non-zero if
431 .Nm
432 has installed private signal handlers (see
433 .Fn el_get
434 above).
435 .It Dv EL_EDITMODE, Fa "int *"
436 Return non-zero if editing is enabled.
437 .It Dv EL_GETCFN, Fa "int (**f)(EditLine *, char *)"
438 Return a pointer to the function that read characters, which is equal to
439 ``EL_BUILTIN_GETCFN'' in the case of the default builtin function.
440 .It Dv EL_CLIENTDATA , Fa "void **data"
441 Retrieve
442 .Fa data
443 previously registered with the corresponding
444 .Fn el_set
445 call.
446 .It Dv EL_UNBUFFERED, Fa "int"
447 Sets or clears unbuffered mode.
448 In this mode,
449 .Fn el_gets
450 will return immediately after processing a single character.
451 .It Dv EL_PREP_TERM, Fa "int"
452 Sets or clears terminal editing mode.
453 .El
454 .It Fn el_source
455 Initialise
456 .Nm
457 by reading the contents of
458 .Fa file .
459 .Fn el_parse
460 is called for each line in
461 .Fa file .
462 If
463 .Fa file
464 is
465 .Dv NULL ,
466 try
467 .Pa $PWD/.editrc
468 then
469 .Pa $HOME/.editrc .
470 Refer to
471 .Xr editrc 5
472 for details on the format of
473 .Fa file .
474 .It Fn el_resize
475 Must be called if the terminal size changes.
476 If
477 .Dv EL_SIGNAL
478 has been set with
479 .Fn el_set ,
480 then this is done automatically.
481 Otherwise, it's the responsibility of the application to call
482 .Fn el_resize
483 on the appropriate occasions.
484 .It Fn el_line
485 Return the editing information for the current line in a
486 .Fa LineInfo
487 structure, which is defined as follows:
488 .Bd -literal
489 typedef struct lineinfo {
490 const char *buffer; /* address of buffer */
491 const char *cursor; /* address of cursor */
492 const char *lastchar; /* address of last character */
493 } LineInfo;
494 .Ed
495 .Pp
496 .Fa buffer
497 is not NUL terminated.
498 This function may be called after
499 .Fn el_gets
500 to obtain the
501 .Fa LineInfo
502 structure pertaining to line returned by that function,
503 and from within user defined functions added with
504 .Dv EL_ADDFN .
505 .It Fn el_insertstr
506 Insert
507 .Fa str
508 into the line at the cursor.
509 Returns \-1 if
510 .Fa str
511 is empty or won't fit, and 0 otherwise.
512 .It Fn el_deletestr
513 Delete
514 .Fa num
515 characters before the cursor.
516 .El
517 .Sh HISTORY LIST FUNCTIONS
518 The history functions use a common data structure,
519 .Fa History ,
520 which is created by
521 .Fn history_init
522 and freed by
523 .Fn history_end .
524 .Pp
525 The following functions are available:
526 .Bl -tag -width 4n
527 .It Fn history_init
528 Initialise the history list, and return a data structure
529 to be used by all other history list functions.
530 .It Fn history_end
531 Clean up and finish with
532 .Fa h ,
533 assumed to have been created with
534 .Fn history_init .
535 .It Fn history
536 Perform operation
537 .Fa op
538 on the history list, with optional arguments as needed by the
539 operation.
540 .Fa ev
541 is changed accordingly to operation.
542 The following values for
543 .Fa op
544 are supported, along with the required argument list:
545 .Bl -tag -width 4n
546 .It Dv H_SETSIZE , Fa "int size"
547 Set size of history to
548 .Fa size
549 elements.
550 .It Dv H_GETSIZE
551 Get number of events currently in history.
552 .It Dv H_END
553 Cleans up and finishes with
554 .Fa h ,
555 assumed to be created with
556 .Fn history_init .
557 .It Dv H_CLEAR
558 Clear the history.
559 .It Dv H_FUNC , Xo
560 .Fa "void *ptr" ,
561 .Fa "history_gfun_t first" ,
562 .Fa "history_gfun_t next" ,
563 .Fa "history_gfun_t last" ,
564 .Fa "history_gfun_t prev" ,
565 .Fa "history_gfun_t curr" ,
566 .Fa "history_sfun_t set" ,
567 .Fa "history_vfun_t clear" ,
568 .Fa "history_efun_t enter" ,
569 .Fa "history_efun_t add"
570 .Xc
571 Define functions to perform various history operations.
572 .Fa ptr
573 is the argument given to a function when it's invoked.
574 .It Dv H_FIRST
575 Return the first element in the history.
576 .It Dv H_LAST
577 Return the last element in the history.
578 .It Dv H_PREV
579 Return the previous element in the history.
580 .It Dv H_NEXT
581 Return the next element in the history.
582 .It Dv H_CURR
583 Return the current element in the history.
584 .It Dv H_SET
585 Set the cursor to point to the requested element.
586 .It Dv H_ADD , Fa "const char *str"
587 Append
588 .Fa str
589 to the current element of the history, or perform the
590 .Dv H_ENTER
591 operation with argument
592 .Fa str
593 if there is no current element.
594 .It Dv H_APPEND , Fa "const char *str"
595 Append
596 .Fa str
597 to the last new element of the history.
598 .It Dv H_ENTER , Fa "const char *str"
599 Add
600 .Fa str
601 as a new element to the history, and, if necessary,
602 removing the oldest entry to keep the list to the created size.
603 If
604 .Dv H_SETUNIQUE
605 was has been called with a non-zero arguments, the element
606 will not be entered into the history if its contents match
607 the ones of the current history element.
608 If the element is entered
609 .Fn history
610 returns 1, if it is ignored as a duplicate returns 0.
611 Finally
612 .Fn history
613 returns \-1 if an error occurred.
614 .It Dv H_PREV_STR , Fa "const char *str"
615 Return the closest previous event that starts with
616 .Fa str .
617 .It Dv H_NEXT_STR , Fa "const char *str"
618 Return the closest next event that starts with
619 .Fa str .
620 .It Dv H_PREV_EVENT , Fa "int e"
621 Return the previous event numbered
622 .Fa e .
623 .It Dv H_NEXT_EVENT , Fa "int e"
624 Return the next event numbered
625 .Fa e .
626 .It Dv H_LOAD , Fa "const char *file"
627 Load the history list stored in
628 .Fa file .
629 .It Dv H_SAVE , Fa "const char *file"
630 Save the history list to
631 .Fa file .
632 .It Dv H_SETUNIQUE , Fa "int unique"
633 Set if the adjacent identical event strings should not be entered into
634 the history.
635 .It Dv H_GETUNIQUE
636 Retrieve the current setting if if adjacent elements should be entered into
637 the history.
638 .El
639 .Pp
640 .Fn history
641 returns \*[Gt]= 0 if the operation
642 .Fa op
643 succeeds.
644 Otherwise, \-1 is returned and
645 .Fa ev
646 is updated to contain more details about the error.
647 .El
648 .Sh TOKENIZATION FUNCTIONS
649 The tokenization functions use a common data structure,
650 .Fa Tokenizer ,
651 which is created by
652 .Fn tok_init
653 and freed by
654 .Fn tok_end .
655 .Pp
656 The following functions are available:
657 .Bl -tag -width 4n
658 .It Fn tok_init
659 Initialise the tokenizer, and return a data structure
660 to be used by all other tokenizer functions.
661 .Fa IFS
662 contains the Input Field Separators, which defaults to
663 .Aq space ,
664 .Aq tab ,
665 and
666 .Aq newline
667 if
668 .Dv NULL .
669 .It Fn tok_end
670 Clean up and finish with
671 .Fa t ,
672 assumed to have been created with
673 .Fn tok_init .
674 .It Fn tok_reset
675 Reset the tokenizer state.
676 Use after a line has been successfully tokenized
677 by
678 .Fn tok_line
679 or
680 .Fn tok_str
681 and before a new line is to be tokenized.
682 .It Fn tok_line
683 Tokenize
684 .Fa li ,
685 If successful, modify:
686 .Fa argv
687 to contain the words,
688 .Fa argc
689 to contain the number of words,
690 .Fa cursorc
691 (if not
692 .Dv NULL )
693 to contain the index of the word containing the cursor,
694 and
695 .Fa cursoro
696 (if not
697 .Dv NULL )
698 to contain the offset within
699 .Fa argv[cursorc]
700 of the cursor.
701 .Pp
702 Returns
703 0 if successful,
704 \-1 for an internal error,
705 1 for an unmatched single quote,
706 2 for an unmatched double quote,
707 and
708 3 for a backslash quoted
709 .Aq newline .
710 A positive exit code indicates that another line should be read
711 and tokenization attempted again.
712 .
713 .It Fn tok_str
714 A simpler form of
715 .Fn tok_line ;
716 .Fa str
717 is a NUL terminated string to tokenize.
718 .El
719 .
720 .\"XXX.Sh EXAMPLES
721 .\"XXX: provide some examples
722 .Sh SEE ALSO
723 .Xr sh 1 ,
724 .Xr signal 3 ,
725 .Xr termcap 3 ,
726 .Xr editrc 5
727 .Sh HISTORY
728 The
729 .Nm
730 library first appeared in
731 .Bx 4.4 .
732 .Dv CC_REDISPLAY
733 appeared in
734 .Nx 1.3 .
735 .Dv CC_REFRESH_BEEP ,
736 .Dv EL_EDITMODE
737 and the readline emulation appeared in
738 .Nx 1.4 .
739 .Dv EL_RPROMPT
740 appeared in
741 .Nx 1.5 .
742 .Sh AUTHORS
743 The
744 .Nm
745 library was written by Christos Zoulas.
746 Luke Mewburn wrote this manual and implemented
747 .Dv CC_REDISPLAY ,
748 .Dv CC_REFRESH_BEEP ,
749 .Dv EL_EDITMODE ,
750 and
751 .Dv EL_RPROMPT .
752 Jaromir Dolecek implemented the readline emulation.
753 .Sh BUGS
754 At this time, it is the responsibility of the caller to
755 check the result of the
756 .Dv EL_EDITMODE
757 operation of
758 .Fn el_get
759 (after an
760 .Fn el_source
761 or
762 .Fn el_parse )
763 to determine if
764 .Nm
765 should be used for further input.
766 I.e.,
767 .Dv EL_EDITMODE
768 is purely an indication of the result of the most recent
769 .Xr editrc 5
770 .Ic edit
771 command.