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32 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/systat/systat.1,v 1.23.2.9 2002/12/29 16:35:40 schweikh Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/systat/systat.1,v 1.4 2006/02/17 19:39:11 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd display system statistics on a crt
45 .Op Ar refresh-interval
49 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
50 using the curses screen display library,
55 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
56 is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
57 upper window depicts the current system load average. The
58 information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
59 user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user
60 input and error messages.
64 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
65 in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk
69 virtual memory statistics (a la
71 network ``mbuf'' utilization,
74 and network connections (a la
77 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
78 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
79 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
80 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This
81 allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
84 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
102 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
106 .It Ar refresh-interval
109 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
112 Certain characters cause immediate action by
119 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
120 the lower window and the refresh interval.
122 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
123 line typed as a command. While entering a command the
124 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
128 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
132 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
134 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
137 Stop refreshing the screen.
142 Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric,
143 argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
145 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
150 (This may be abbreviated to
154 The available displays are:
157 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
158 memory and getting the
159 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
160 When less than 100% of the
161 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
162 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
164 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
165 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
167 The left half of the screen displays information about received
168 packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
173 display understands two commands:
179 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
180 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
182 show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
185 show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
187 show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
189 show the absolute value of each statistic
194 command resets the baseline for
198 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
201 Otherwise identical to the
203 display, except that it displays
215 Display, in the lower window, statistics about network throughput on
216 a per-interface basis.
218 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
219 and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as
220 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
221 in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
222 system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
223 and idle (``idle''). Statistics
224 on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
225 average number of disk transactions per second, and
226 average kilobytes of data per transaction. This information may be
227 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar
228 graphs are shown by default.
230 The following commands are specific to the
232 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
234 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
238 statistics in numeric form. Values are
239 displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
243 statistics in bar graph form (default).
245 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
247 not display kilobytes per transaction).
250 Show information about swap space usage on all the
251 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
252 The first column is the device name of the partition.
253 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
256 column indicates the total blocks used so far;
257 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
258 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
259 a total line is also shown.
260 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
262 Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
263 for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
265 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
266 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
267 device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk
271 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
272 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
273 and fifteen minute intervals.
274 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
275 The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
276 active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
278 The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
279 The first column reports on the number of physical pages
280 claimed by processes.
281 The second column reports the number of physical pages that
282 are devoted to read only text pages.
283 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
284 virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
285 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
286 Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages
289 Below the memory display is a list of the
290 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
291 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
292 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
293 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
294 The row also shows the average number of context switches
295 (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
296 interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
299 Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
300 a bar graph showing the amount of
301 system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
302 nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
304 Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
305 It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
306 the number and percentage of the translations that were
307 handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
308 the number and percentage of the translations that were
309 handled by the per process name translation cache.
311 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
312 It reports the number of
313 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
314 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
315 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
316 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device. In general, up
317 to seven devices are displayed. The devices displayed by default are the
318 first devices in the kernel's device list. See
322 for details on the devstat system.
324 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
325 on paging and swapping activity.
326 The first two columns report the average number of pages
327 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
328 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
329 The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
330 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
331 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
332 The first row of the display shows the average
333 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
334 the second row of the display shows the average
335 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
337 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
338 memory system which list the average number of
339 pages copied on write (`cow'),
340 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
341 slow (on-the-fly) zero fills percentage (`%slo-z'),
342 pages wired down (`wire'),
343 active pages (`act'),
344 inactive pages (`inact'),
345 pages on the buffer cache queue (`cache'),
346 number of free pages (`free'),
347 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
348 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
349 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
350 times the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
351 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
353 intransit blocking page faults (`intrn')
354 per second over the refresh interval.
356 At the bottom of this column are lines showing the
357 amount of memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache (`buf'),
358 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dirtybuf'),
359 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvnodes') (mostly unused,
360 except to size the name cache),
361 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvnodes'),
363 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`freevnodes').
365 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
366 of the interrupts being handled by the system.
367 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
368 over the time interval.
369 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
371 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
373 The following commands are specific to the
375 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
377 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
379 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
381 Display statistics as a running total from the point this
384 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
386 Toggle the display of fd devices in the disk usage display.
388 Reset running statistics to zero.
391 Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default,
392 network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address
393 is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
394 when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
395 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
396 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
398 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
400 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
401 is the equivalent of the
406 Display network addresses numerically.
408 Display network addresses symbolically.
409 .It Cm proto Ar protocol
410 Display only network connections using the indicated
412 Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
413 .It Cm ignore Op Ar items
414 Do not display information about connections associated with
415 the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified
416 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses
417 use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items
418 may be specified with a single command by separating them with
420 .It Cm display Op Ar items
421 Display information about the connections associated with the
422 specified hosts or ports. As for
425 may be names or numbers.
426 .It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
427 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
428 hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored
429 are prefixed with a `!'. If
433 is supplied as an argument to
435 then only the requested information will be displayed.
437 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
438 (any protocol, port, or host).
442 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
443 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
444 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
445 insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10
448 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When
449 a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
450 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
452 The following commands are common to each display which shows
453 information about disk drives. These commands are used to
454 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
455 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
458 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
459 .It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
460 Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
461 drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
462 .It Cm display Op Ar drives
463 Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives
464 may be specified, separated by spaces.
465 .It Cm only Op Ar drives
466 Display only the specified drives. Multiple drives may be specified,
469 Display a list of available devices.
471 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
474 Display devices matching the given pattern. The basic matching
475 expressions are the same as those used in
477 with one difference. Instead of specifying multiple
479 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
480 matching expressions joined by the pipe
484 separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
485 then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together. Any
486 device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
487 to display it. For example:
489 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
491 This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
493 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
495 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
496 and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
499 .Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact
503 For information in main memory.
532 the notion of having different display modes for the
538 statistics was stolen from the
546 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
549 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
550 a separate display rather than created as a new program).