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28 .\" @(#)badsect.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
29 .\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/badsect/badsect.8,v 1.10.2.6 2002/08/21 18:58:06 trhodes Exp $
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37 .Nd create files to contain bad sectors
44 utility makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad sectors
45 are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides
46 a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver.
47 If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to
48 use that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding
49 makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with
51 The technique used by this program is also less general than
52 bad block forwarding, as
55 bad blocks in the i-list of file systems or in swap areas.
58 adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector table
59 currently requires the running of the standard
62 Thus to deal with a newly bad block
63 or on disks where the drivers
64 do not support the bad-blocking standard
66 may be used to good effect.
70 utility is used on a quiet file system in the following way:
71 First mount the file system, and change to its root directory.
77 giving as argument the
80 all the bad sectors you wish to add.
81 (The sector numbers must be relative to the beginning of
82 the file system, but this is not hard as the system reports
83 relative sector numbers in its console error messages.)
84 Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system
87 on the file system. The bad sectors should show up in two files
88 or in the bad sector files and the free list. Have
90 remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but
95 This will leave the bad sectors in only the
101 utility works by giving the specified sector numbers in a
104 creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing
105 bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number.
106 When it is discovered by
109 .Dq Li "HOLD BAD BLOCK \&?" .
110 A positive response will cause
112 to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block.
116 utility refuses to attach a block that
117 resides in a critical area or is out of range of the file system.
118 A warning is issued if the block is already in use.
127 If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad,
128 you should specify only one of them to
130 as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover all the sectors in a
131 file system fragment.