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32 .\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/login/login.1,v 1.17.2.2 2002/06/21 15:27:56 charnier Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/login/login.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:28 dillon Exp $
41 .Nd log into the computer
50 utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system.
52 If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication
55 prompts for a user name.
56 Authentication of users is done via passwords.
58 The options are as follows:
63 option is used when a user name is specified to indicate that proper
64 authentication has already been done and that no password need be
66 This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already
67 logged in user is logging in as themselves.
71 option specifies the host from which the connection was received.
72 It is used by various daemons such as
74 This option may only be used by the super-user.
78 discards any previous environment.
81 option disables this behavior.
88 displays its contents to the user and exits.
91 to prevent users from logging in when the system is about to go down.
97 checks to see if the user and host pair are specifically allowed or denied
99 Login access may also be controlled via the login class, which provides
100 allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name.
106 changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this
113 will offer S/key password validation if the user has an entry in the file.
115 controls from which hosts and/or networks the use of S/key passwords are
118 Immediately after logging a user in,
120 displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last
121 logged in, the message of the day as well as other information.
124 exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed.
125 This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as
129 utility then records an entry in the
133 files and executes the user's command interpreter.
137 utility enters information into the environment (see
139 specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL),
140 search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and
142 Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login
143 class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the
144 user's system passwd record.
145 The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource
146 limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of
147 a user's login environment.
149 Some shells may provide a builtin
151 command which is similar or identical to this utility.
156 .Bl -tag -width /var/mail/userXXX -compact
158 changes device protections
159 .It Pa /etc/login.access
160 login access control table
161 .It Pa /etc/login.conf
162 login class capabilities database
165 .It Pa /var/run/nologin
167 .It Pa /etc/skey.access
168 skey password control table
170 skey password database
173 .It Pa /var/log/lastlog
174 last login account records
176 login account records
177 .It Pa /var/mail/user
181 .It Pa /etc/auth.conf
182 configure authentication services
186 is configured with PAM support, it uses
188 entries with service name