1 MAKE(1) NetBSD General Commands Manual MAKE(1)
4 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be -- maintain program dependencies
6 S
\bSY
\bYN
\bNO
\bOP
\bPS
\bSI
\bIS
\bS
7 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [-
\b-B
\bBe
\bei
\bik
\bkN
\bNn
\bnq
\bqr
\brs
\bst
\btW
\bWw
\bwX
\bX] [-
\b-C
\bC _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by] [-
\b-D
\bD _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be] [-
\b-d
\bd _
\bf_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg_
\bs]
8 [-
\b-f
\bf _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be] [-
\b-I
\bI _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by] [-
\b-J
\bJ _
\bp_
\br_
\bi_
\bv_
\ba_
\bt_
\be] [-
\b-j
\bj _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\b__
\bj_
\bo_
\bb_
\bs]
9 [-
\b-m
\bm _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by] [-
\b-T
\bT _
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be] [-
\b-V
\bV _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be] [_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be_
\b=_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be]
10 [_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
12 D
\bDE
\bES
\bSC
\bCR
\bRI
\bIP
\bPT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bN
13 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other pro-
14 grams. Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which
15 programs and other files depend. If no -
\b-f
\bf _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be makefile option is
16 given, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will try to open `_
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' then `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' in order to find
17 the specifications. If the file `_
\b._
\bd_
\be_
\bp_
\be_
\bn_
\bd' exists, it is read (see
20 This manual page is intended as a reference document only. For a more
21 thorough description of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be and makefiles, please refer to _
\bP_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be _
\b- _
\bA
22 _
\bT_
\bu_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bl.
24 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will prepend the contents of the _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bL_
\bA_
\bG_
\bS environment variable to
25 the command line arguments before parsing them.
27 The options are as follows:
29 -
\b-B
\bB Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per
30 command and by executing the commands to make the sources of a
31 dependency line in sequence.
33 -
\b-C
\bC _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by
34 Change to _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by before reading the makefiles or doing any-
35 thing else. If multiple -
\b-C
\bC options are specified, each is inter-
36 preted relative to the previous one: -
\b-C
\bC _
\b/ -
\b-C
\bC _
\be_
\bt_
\bc is equivalent to
37 -
\b-C
\bC _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc.
39 -
\b-D
\bD _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be
40 Define _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be to be 1, in the global context.
42 -
\b-d
\bd _
\b[_
\b-_
\b]_
\bf_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg_
\bs
43 Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be are to
44 print debugging information. Unless the flags are preceded by
45 `-' they are added to the _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bL_
\bA_
\bG_
\bS environment variable and will
46 be processed by any child make processes. By default, debugging
47 information is printed to standard error, but this can be changed
48 using the _
\bF debugging flag. The debugging output is always
49 unbuffered; in addition, if debugging is enabled but debugging
50 output is not directed to standard output, then the standard out-
51 put is line buffered. _
\bF_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg_
\bs is one or more of the following:
53 _
\bA Print all possible debugging information; equivalent to
54 specifying all of the debugging flags.
56 _
\ba Print debugging information about archive searching and
59 _
\bC Print debugging information about current working direc-
62 _
\bc Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
64 _
\bd Print debugging information about directory searching and
67 _
\be Print debugging information about failed commands and
70 _
\bF[+
\b+]_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be_
\bn_
\ba_
\bm_
\be
71 Specify where debugging output is written. This must be
72 the last flag, because it consumes the remainder of the
73 argument. If the character immediately after the `F'
74 flag is `+', then the file will be opened in append mode;
75 otherwise the file will be overwritten. If the file name
76 is `stdout' or `stderr' then debugging output will be
77 written to the standard output or standard error output
78 file descriptors respectively (and the `+' option has no
79 effect). Otherwise, the output will be written to the
80 named file. If the file name ends `.%d' then the `%d' is
83 _
\bf Print debugging information about loop evaluation.
85 _
\bg_
\b1 Print the input graph before making anything.
87 _
\bg_
\b2 Print the input graph after making everything, or before
90 _
\bg_
\b3 Print the input graph before exiting on error.
92 _
\bj Print debugging information about running multiple
95 _
\bl Print commands in Makefiles regardless of whether or not
96 they are prefixed by `@' or other "quiet" flags. Also
97 known as "loud" behavior.
99 _
\bM Print debugging information about "meta" mode decisions
102 _
\bm Print debugging information about making targets, includ-
103 ing modification dates.
105 _
\bn Don't delete the temporary command scripts created when
106 running commands. These temporary scripts are created in
107 the directory referred to by the TMPDIR environment vari-
108 able, or in _
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp if TMPDIR is unset or set to the empty
109 string. The temporary scripts are created by mkstemp(3),
110 and have names of the form _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX. _
\bN_
\bO_
\bT_
\bE: This can
111 create many files in TMPDIR or _
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp, so use with care.
113 _
\bp Print debugging information about makefile parsing.
115 _
\bs Print debugging information about suffix-transformation
118 _
\bt Print debugging information about target list mainte-
121 _
\bV Force the -
\b-V
\bV option to print raw values of variables.
123 _
\bv Print debugging information about variable assignment.
125 _
\bw Print entering and leaving directory messages, pre and
128 _
\bx Run shell commands with -
\b-x
\bx so the actual commands are
129 printed as they are executed.
131 -
\b-e
\be Specify that environment variables override macro assignments
134 -
\b-f
\bf _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be
135 Specify a makefile to read instead of the default `_
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be'. If
136 _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be is `-
\b-', standard input is read. Multiple makefiles may
137 be specified, and are read in the order specified.
139 -
\b-I
\bI _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by
140 Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included
141 makefiles. The system makefile directory (or directories, see
142 the -
\b-m
\bm option) is automatically included as part of this list.
144 -
\b-i
\bi Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile. Equiva-
145 lent to specifying `-
\b-' before each command line in the makefile.
147 -
\b-J
\bJ _
\bp_
\br_
\bi_
\bv_
\ba_
\bt_
\be
148 This option should _
\bn_
\bo_
\bt be specified by the user.
150 When the _
\bj option is in use in a recursive build, this option is
151 passed by a make to child makes to allow all the make processes
152 in the build to cooperate to avoid overloading the system.
154 -
\b-j
\bj _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\b__
\bj_
\bo_
\bb_
\bs
155 Specify the maximum number of jobs that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be may have running at
156 any one time. The value is saved in _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\bS. Turns compati-
157 bility mode off, unless the _
\bB flag is also specified. When com-
158 patibility mode is off, all commands associated with a target are
159 executed in a single shell invocation as opposed to the tradi-
160 tional one shell invocation per line. This can break traditional
161 scripts which change directories on each command invocation and
162 then expect to start with a fresh environment on the next line.
163 It is more efficient to correct the scripts rather than turn
164 backwards compatibility on.
166 -
\b-k
\bk Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on
167 those targets that do not depend on the target whose creation
170 -
\b-m
\bm _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by
171 Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles
172 included via the <_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be>-style include statement. The -
\b-m
\bm option
173 can be used multiple times to form a search path. This path will
174 override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk. Fur-
175 thermore the system include path will be appended to the search
176 path used for "_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be"-style include statements (see the -
\b-I
\bI
179 If a file or directory name in the -
\b-m
\bm argument (or the
180 MAKESYSPATH environment variable) starts with the string ".../"
181 then b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will search for the specified file or directory named
182 in the remaining part of the argument string. The search starts
183 with the current directory of the Makefile and then works upward
184 towards the root of the filesystem. If the search is successful,
185 then the resulting directory replaces the ".../" specification in
186 the -
\b-m
\bm argument. If used, this feature allows b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be to easily
187 search in the current source tree for customized sys.mk files
188 (e.g., by using ".../mk/sys.mk" as an argument).
190 -
\b-n
\bn Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
191 actually execute them unless the target depends on the .MAKE spe-
192 cial source (see below).
194 -
\b-N
\bN Display the commands which would have been executed, but do not
195 actually execute any of them; useful for debugging top-level
196 makefiles without descending into subdirectories.
198 -
\b-q
\bq Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets
199 are up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
201 -
\b-r
\br Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
203 -
\b-s
\bs Do not echo any commands as they are executed. Equivalent to
204 specifying `@
\b@' before each command line in the makefile.
206 -
\b-T
\bT _
\bt_
\br_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be
207 When used with the -
\b-j
\bj flag, append a trace record to _
\bt_
\br_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be
208 for each job started and completed.
210 -
\b-t
\bt Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile,
211 create it or update its modification time to make it appear up-
214 -
\b-V
\bV _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be
215 Print b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's idea of the value of _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be, in the global con-
216 text. Do not build any targets. Multiple instances of this
217 option may be specified; the variables will be printed one per
218 line, with a blank line for each null or undefined variable. If
219 _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be contains a `$' then the value will be expanded before
222 -
\b-W
\bW Treat any warnings during makefile parsing as errors.
224 -
\b-X
\bX Don't export variables passed on the command line to the environ-
225 ment individually. Variables passed on the command line are
226 still exported via the _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bL_
\bA_
\bG_
\bS environment variable. This
227 option may be useful on systems which have a small limit on the
228 size of command arguments.
230 _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be_
\b=_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be
231 Set the value of the variable _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be to _
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be. Normally, all
232 values passed on the command line are also exported to sub-makes
233 in the environment. The -
\b-X
\bX flag disables this behavior. Vari-
234 able assignments should follow options for POSIX compatibility
235 but no ordering is enforced.
237 There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
238 specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
239 conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
241 In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
242 them with a backslash (`\'). The trailing newline character and initial
243 whitespace on the following line are compressed into a single space.
245 F
\bFI
\bIL
\bLE
\bE D
\bDE
\bEP
\bPE
\bEN
\bND
\bDE
\bEN
\bNC
\bCY
\bY S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIF
\bFI
\bIC
\bCA
\bAT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bNS
\bS
246 Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero or
247 more sources. This creates a relationship where the targets ``depend''
248 on the sources and are usually created from them. The exact relationship
249 between the target and the source is determined by the operator that sep-
250 arates them. The three operators are as follows:
252 :
\b: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less
253 than those of any of its sources. Sources for a target accumulate
254 over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target is
255 removed if b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted.
257 !
\b! Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
258 examined and re-created as necessary. Sources for a target accumu-
259 late over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target
260 is removed if b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted.
262 :
\b::
\b: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created. Oth-
263 erwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources
264 has been modified more recently than the target. Sources for a
265 target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
266 is used. The target will not be removed if b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted.
268 Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values `?', `*', `[]',
269 and `{}'. The values `?', `*', and `[]' may only be used as part of the
270 final component of the target or source, and must be used to describe
271 existing files. The value `{}' need not necessarily be used to describe
272 existing files. Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as
275 S
\bSH
\bHE
\bEL
\bLL
\bL C
\bCO
\bOM
\bMM
\bMA
\bAN
\bND
\bDS
\bS
276 Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, nor-
277 mally used to create the target. Each of the commands in this script
278 _
\bm_
\bu_
\bs_
\bt be preceded by a tab. While any target may appear on a dependency
279 line, only one of these dependencies may be followed by a creation
280 script, unless the `:
\b::
\b:' operator is used.
282 If the first characters of the command line are any combination of `@
\b@',
283 `+
\b+', or `-
\b-', the command is treated specially. A `@
\b@' causes the command
284 not to be echoed before it is executed. A `+
\b+' causes the command to be
285 executed even when -
\b-n
\bn is given. This is similar to the effect of the
286 .MAKE special source, except that the effect can be limited to a single
287 line of a script. A `-
\b-' causes any non-zero exit status of the command
290 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is run in jobs mode with -
\b-j
\bj _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\b__
\bj_
\bo_
\bb_
\bs, the entire script for
291 the target is fed to a single instance of the shell.
293 In compatibility (non-jobs) mode, each command is run in a separate
294 process. If the command contains any shell meta characters
295 (`#=|^(){};&<>*?[]:$`\\n') it will be passed to the shell, otherwise
296 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will attempt direct execution.
298 Since b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will chdir(2) to `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' before executing any targets, each
299 child process starts with that as its current working directory.
301 Makefiles should be written so that the mode of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be operation does not
302 change their behavior. For example, any command which needs to use
303 ``cd'' or ``chdir'', without side-effect should be put in parenthesis:
306 avoid-chdir-side-effects:
307 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`
308 @(cd ${.CURDIR} && ${.MAKE} $@)
311 ensure-one-shell-regardless-of-mode:
312 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`; \
313 (cd ${.CURDIR} && ${.MAKE} $@); \
316 V
\bVA
\bAR
\bRI
\bIA
\bAB
\bBL
\bLE
\bE A
\bAS
\bSS
\bSI
\bIG
\bGN
\bNM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bTS
\bS
317 Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradi-
318 tion, consist of all upper-case letters.
320 V
\bVa
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be a
\bas
\bss
\bsi
\big
\bgn
\bnm
\bme
\ben
\bnt
\bt m
\bmo
\bod
\bdi
\bif
\bfi
\bie
\ber
\brs
\bs
321 The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
324 =
\b= Assign the value to the variable. Any previous value is overrid-
327 +
\b+=
\b= Append the value to the current value of the variable.
329 ?
\b?=
\b= Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
331 :
\b:=
\b= Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
332 to the variable. Normally, expansion is not done until the vari-
333 able is referenced. _
\bN_
\bO_
\bT_
\bE: References to undefined variables are
334 _
\bn_
\bo_
\bt expanded. This can cause problems when variable modifiers
337 !
\b!=
\b= Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and
338 assign the result to the variable. Any newlines in the result
339 are replaced with spaces.
341 Any white-space before the assigned _
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be is removed; if the value is
342 being appended, a single space is inserted between the previous contents
343 of the variable and the appended value.
345 Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either curly
346 braces (`{}') or parentheses (`()') and preceding it with a dollar sign
347 (`$'). If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surround-
348 ing braces or parentheses are not required. This shorter form is not
351 If the variable name contains a dollar, then the name itself is expanded
352 first. This allows almost arbitrary variable names, however names con-
353 taining dollar, braces, parenthesis, or whitespace are really best
356 If the result of expanding a variable contains a dollar sign (`$') the
357 string is expanded again.
359 Variable substitution occurs at three distinct times, depending on where
360 the variable is being used.
362 1. Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
364 2. Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
367 3. ``.for'' loop index variables are expanded on each loop iteration.
368 Note that other variables are not expanded inside loops so the fol-
387 Because while ${a} contains ``1 2 3'' after the loop is executed,
388 ${b} contains ``${j} ${j} ${j}'' which expands to ``3 3 3'' since
389 after the loop completes ${j} contains ``3''.
391 V
\bVa
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be c
\bcl
\bla
\bas
\bss
\bse
\bes
\bs
392 The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing prece-
395 Environment variables
396 Variables defined as part of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's environment.
399 Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
401 Command line variables
402 Variables defined as part of the command line.
405 Variables that are defined specific to a certain target. The
406 seven local variables are as follows:
408 _
\b._
\bA_
\bL_
\bL_
\bS_
\bR_
\bC The list of all sources for this target; also known as
411 _
\b._
\bA_
\bR_
\bC_
\bH_
\bI_
\bV_
\bE The name of the archive file.
413 _
\b._
\bI_
\bM_
\bP_
\bS_
\bR_
\bC In suffix-transformation rules, the name/path of the
414 source from which the target is to be transformed (the
415 ``implied'' source); also known as `_
\b<'. It is not
416 defined in explicit rules.
418 _
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bM_
\bB_
\bE_
\bR The name of the archive member.
420 _
\b._
\bO_
\bO_
\bD_
\bA_
\bT_
\bE The list of sources for this target that were deemed
421 out-of-date; also known as `_
\b?'.
423 _
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX The file prefix of the target, containing only the file
424 portion, no suffix or preceding directory components;
425 also known as `_
\b*'.
427 _
\b._
\bT_
\bA_
\bR_
\bG_
\bE_
\bT The name of the target; also known as `_
\b@'.
429 The shorter forms `_
\b@', `_
\b?', `_
\b<', `_
\b>', and `_
\b*' are permitted for
430 backward compatibility with historical makefiles and are not rec-
431 ommended. The six variables `_
\b@_
\bF', `_
\b@_
\bD', `_
\b<_
\bF', `_
\b<_
\bD', `_
\b*_
\bF', and
432 `_
\b*_
\bD' are permitted for compatibility with AT&T System V UNIX
433 makefiles and are not recommended.
435 Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency
436 lines because they expand to the proper value for each target on
437 the line. These variables are `_
\b._
\bT_
\bA_
\bR_
\bG_
\bE_
\bT', `_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX', `_
\b._
\bA_
\bR_
\bC_
\bH_
\bI_
\bV_
\bE',
438 and `_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bM_
\bB_
\bE_
\bR'.
440 A
\bAd
\bdd
\bdi
\bit
\bti
\bio
\bon
\bna
\bal
\bl b
\bbu
\bui
\bil
\blt
\bt-
\b-i
\bin
\bn v
\bva
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\bes
\bs
441 In addition, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be sets or knows about the following variables:
443 _
\b$ A single dollar sign `$', i.e. `$$' expands to a single
446 _
\b._
\bA_
\bL_
\bL_
\bT_
\bA_
\bR_
\bG_
\bE_
\bT_
\bS The list of all targets encountered in the Makefile. If
447 evaluated during Makefile parsing, lists only those tar-
448 gets encountered thus far.
450 _
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR A path to the directory where b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be was executed. Refer
451 to the description of `PWD' for more details.
453 _
\b._
\bI_
\bN_
\bC_
\bL_
\bU_
\bD_
\bE_
\bD_
\bF_
\bR_
\bO_
\bM_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR
454 The directory of the file this Makefile was included
457 _
\b._
\bI_
\bN_
\bC_
\bL_
\bU_
\bD_
\bE_
\bD_
\bF_
\bR_
\bO_
\bM_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE
458 The filename of the file this Makefile was included from.
460 MAKE The name that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be was executed with (_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\bv_
\b[_
\b0_
\b]). For
461 compatibility b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be also sets _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE with the same value.
462 The preferred variable to use is the environment variable
463 MAKE because it is more compatible with other versions of
464 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be and cannot be confused with the special target with
467 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bD_
\bE_
\bP_
\bE_
\bN_
\bD_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE
468 Names the makefile (default `_
\b._
\bd_
\be_
\bp_
\be_
\bn_
\bd') from which gener-
469 ated dependencies are read.
471 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bA_
\bN_
\bD_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\bI_
\bA_
\bB_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS
472 A boolean that controls the default behavior of the -
\b-V
\bV
475 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD The list of variables exported by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
477 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\bS The argument to the -
\b-j
\bj option.
479 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX
480 If b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is run with _
\bj then output for each target is
481 prefixed with a token `--- target ---' the first part of
482 which can be controlled via _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX. If
483 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX is empty, no token is printed.
485 .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX=${.newline}---${.MAKE:T}[${.MAKE.PID}]
486 would produce tokens like `---make[1234] target ---' mak-
487 ing it easier to track the degree of parallelism being
490 MAKEFLAGS The environment variable `MAKEFLAGS' may contain anything
491 that may be specified on b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's command line. Anything
492 specified on b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's command line is appended to the
493 `MAKEFLAGS' variable which is then entered into the envi-
494 ronment for all programs which b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be executes.
496 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bL_
\bE_
\bV_
\bE_
\bL The recursion depth of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. The initial instance of
497 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will be 0, and an incremented value is put into the
498 environment to be seen by the next generation. This
499 allows tests like: .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0 to protect
500 things which should only be evaluated in the initial
501 instance of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
503 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bE_
\bR_
\bE_
\bN_
\bC_
\bE
504 The ordered list of makefile names (default `_
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be',
505 `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be') that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will look for.
507 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS
508 The list of makefiles read by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be, which is useful for
509 tracking dependencies. Each makefile is recorded only
510 once, regardless of the number of times read.
512 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bO_
\bD_
\bE Processed after reading all makefiles. Can affect the
513 mode that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be runs in. It can contain a number of key-
516 _
\bc_
\bo_
\bm_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt Like -
\b-B
\bB, puts b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be into "compat" mode.
518 _
\bm_
\be_
\bt_
\ba Puts b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be into "meta" mode, where meta files
519 are created for each target to capture the
520 command run, the output generated and if
521 filemon(4) is available, the system calls
522 which are of interest to b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. The captured
523 output can be very useful when diagnosing
526 _
\bc_
\bu_
\br_
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\bO_
\bk_
\b= _
\bb_
\bf Normally b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will not create .meta files
527 in `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR'. This can be overridden by set-
528 ting _
\bb_
\bf to a value which represents True.
530 _
\be_
\bn_
\bv For debugging, it can be useful to inlcude
531 the environment in the .meta file.
533 _
\bv_
\be_
\br_
\bb_
\bo_
\bs_
\be If in "meta" mode, print a clue about the
534 target being built. This is useful if the
535 build is otherwise running silently. The
536 message printed the value of:
537 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX.
539 _
\bi_
\bg_
\bn_
\bo_
\br_
\be_
\b-_
\bc_
\bm_
\bd Some makefiles have commands which are simply
540 not stable. This keyword causes them to be
541 ignored for determining whether a target is
542 out of date in "meta" mode. See also
543 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOM
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA_
\b_C
\bCM
\bMP
\bP.
545 _
\bs_
\bi_
\bl_
\be_
\bn_
\bt_
\b= _
\bb_
\bf If _
\bb_
\bf is True, when a .meta file is created,
546 mark the target .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT.
548 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bB_
\bA_
\bI_
\bL_
\bI_
\bW_
\bI_
\bC_
\bK
549 In "meta" mode, provides a list of prefixes which match
550 the directories controlled by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. If a file that was
551 generated outside of _
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR but within said bailiwick is
552 missing, the current target is considered out-of-date.
554 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bC_
\bR_
\bE_
\bA_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD
555 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
556 meta files updated. If not empty, it can be used to
557 trigger processing of _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS.
559 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS
560 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
561 meta files used (updated or not). This list can be used
562 to process the meta files to extract dependency informa-
565 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bI_
\bG_
\bN_
\bO_
\bR_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH_
\bS
566 Provides a list of path prefixes that should be ignored;
567 because the contents are expected to change over time.
568 The default list includes: `_
\b/_
\bd_
\be_
\bv _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc _
\b/_
\bp_
\br_
\bo_
\bc _
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp _
\b/_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\b/_
\br_
\bu_
\bn
569 _
\b/_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp'
571 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX
572 Defines the message printed for each meta file updated in
573 "meta verbose" mode. The default value is:
574 Building ${.TARGET:H:tA}/${.TARGET:T}
576 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS This variable is used to record the names of variables
577 assigned to on the command line, so that they may be
578 exported as part of `MAKEFLAGS'. This behaviour can be
579 disabled by assigning an empty value to `_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS'
580 within a makefile. Extra variables can be exported from
581 a makefile by appending their names to `_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS'.
582 `MAKEFLAGS' is re-exported whenever `_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS' is
585 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH_
\b__
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bM_
\bO_
\bN
586 If b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be was built with filemon(4) support, this is set
587 to the path of the device node. This allows makefiles to
588 test for this support.
590 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bP_
\bI_
\bD The process-id of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
592 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bP_
\bP_
\bI_
\bD The parent process-id of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
594 _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bI_
\bN_
\bT_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\b__
\bO_
\bN_
\b__
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bO_
\bR
595 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be stops due to an error, it prints its name and
596 the value of `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' as well as the value of any vari-
597 ables named in `_
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bI_
\bN_
\bT_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\b__
\bO_
\bN_
\b__
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bO_
\bR'.
599 _
\b._
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bl_
\bi_
\bn_
\be This variable is simply assigned a newline character as
600 its value. This allows expansions using the :
\b:@
\b@ modifier
601 to put a newline between iterations of the loop rather
602 than a space. For example, the printing of
603 `_
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bI_
\bN_
\bT_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\b__
\bO_
\bN_
\b__
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bO_
\bR' could be done as
604 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}.
606 _
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR A path to the directory where the targets are built. Its
607 value is determined by trying to chdir(2) to the follow-
608 ing directories in order and using the first match:
610 1. ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
612 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set in the environ-
613 ment or on the command line.)
617 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIR' is set in the environment or
618 on the command line.)
620 3. ${.CURDIR}_
\b/_
\bo_
\bb_
\bj_
\b.${MACHINE}
622 4. ${.CURDIR}_
\b/_
\bo_
\bb_
\bj
624 5. _
\b/_
\bu_
\bs_
\br_
\b/_
\bo_
\bb_
\bj_
\b/${.CURDIR}
628 Variable expansion is performed on the value before it's
629 used, so expressions such as
630 ${.CURDIR:S,^/usr/src,/var/obj,}
631 may be used. This is especially useful with
634 `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' may be modified in the makefile as a global
635 variable. In all cases, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will chdir(2) to `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR'
636 and set `PWD' to that directory before executing any tar-
639 _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bR_
\bS_
\bE_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR A path to the directory of the current `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' being
642 _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bR_
\bS_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE The basename of the current `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' being parsed.
643 This variable and `_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bR_
\bS_
\bE_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' are both set only while the
644 `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be_
\bs' are being parsed. If you want to retain
645 their current values, assign them to a variable using
646 assignment with expansion: (`:
\b:=
\b=').
648 _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH A variable that represents the list of directories that
649 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will search for files. The search list should be
650 updated using the target `_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH' rather than the vari-
653 PWD Alternate path to the current directory. b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be normally
654 sets `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' to the canonical path given by getcwd(3).
655 However, if the environment variable `PWD' is set and
656 gives a path to the current directory, then b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be sets
657 `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' to the value of `PWD' instead. This behaviour
658 is disabled if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set or `MAKEOBJDIR'
659 contains a variable transform. `PWD' is set to the value
660 of `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' for all programs which b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be executes.
662 .TARGETS The list of targets explicitly specified on the command
665 VPATH Colon-separated (``:'') lists of directories that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be
666 will search for files. The variable is supported for
667 compatibility with old make programs only, use `_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH'
670 V
\bVa
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be m
\bmo
\bod
\bdi
\bif
\bfi
\bie
\ber
\brs
\bs
671 Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
672 variable (where a ``word'' is white-space delimited sequence of charac-
673 ters). The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
675 ${variable[:modifier[:...]]}
677 Each modifier begins with a colon, which may be escaped with a backslash
680 A set of modifiers can be specified via a variable, as follows:
682 modifier_variable=modifier[:...]
683 ${variable:${modifier_variable}[:...]}
685 In this case the first modifier in the modifier_variable does not start
686 with a colon, since that must appear in the referencing variable. If any
687 of the modifiers in the modifier_variable contain a dollar sign (`$'),
688 these must be doubled to avoid early expansion.
690 The supported modifiers are:
692 :
\b:E
\bE Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
694 :
\b:H
\bH Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last com-
697 :
\b:M
\bM_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn
698 Select only those words that match _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn. The standard shell
699 wildcard characters (`*', `?', and `[]') may be used. The wildcard
700 characters may be escaped with a backslash (`\'). As a consequence
701 of the way values are split into words, matched, and then joined, a
704 will normalise the inter-word spacing, removing all leading and
705 trailing space, and converting multiple consecutive spaces to single
708 :
\b:N
\bN_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn
709 This is identical to `:
\b:M
\bM', but selects all words which do not match
710 _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn.
712 :
\b:O
\bO Order every word in variable alphabetically. To sort words in
713 reverse order use the `:
\b:O
\bO:
\b:[
\b[-
\b-1
\b1.
\b..
\b.1
\b1]
\b]' combination of modifiers.
715 :
\b:O
\bOx
\bx Randomize words in variable. The results will be different each
716 time you are referring to the modified variable; use the assignment
717 with expansion (`:
\b:=
\b=') to prevent such behaviour. For example,
719 LIST= uno due tre quattro
720 RANDOM_LIST= ${LIST:Ox}
721 STATIC_RANDOM_LIST:= ${LIST:Ox}
724 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
725 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
726 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
727 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
728 may produce output similar to:
735 :
\b:Q
\bQ Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be
736 passed safely through recursive invocations of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
738 :
\b:R
\bR Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
740 :
\b:g
\bgm
\bmt
\bti
\bim
\bme
\be
741 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using the current
745 Compute a 32bit hash of the value and encode it as hex digits.
747 :
\b:l
\blo
\boc
\bca
\bal
\blt
\bti
\bim
\bme
\be
748 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using the current
751 :
\b:t
\btA
\bA Attempt to convert variable to an absolute path using realpath(3),
752 if that fails, the value is unchanged.
754 :
\b:t
\btl
\bl Converts variable to lower-case letters.
757 Words in the variable are normally separated by a space on expan-
758 sion. This modifier sets the separator to the character _
\bc. If _
\bc is
759 omitted, then no separator is used. The common escapes (including
760 octal numeric codes), work as expected.
762 :
\b:t
\btu
\bu Converts variable to upper-case letters.
764 :
\b:t
\btW
\bW Causes the value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing
765 embedded white space). See also `:
\b:[
\b[*
\b*]
\b]'.
767 :
\b:t
\btw
\bw Causes the value to be treated as a sequence of words delimited by
768 white space. See also `:
\b:[
\b[@
\b@]
\b]'.
770 :
\b:S
\bS/_
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg/_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg/[1
\b1g
\bgW
\bW]
771 Modify the first occurrence of _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg in the variable's value,
772 replacing it with _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg. If a `g' is appended to the last
773 slash of the pattern, all occurrences in each word are replaced. If
774 a `1' is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first
775 word is affected. If a `W' is appended to the last slash of the
776 pattern, then the value is treated as a single word (possibly con-
777 taining embedded white space). If _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg begins with a caret
778 (`^'), _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg is anchored at the beginning of each word. If
779 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg ends with a dollar sign (`$'), it is anchored at the end
780 of each word. Inside _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg, an ampersand (`&') is replaced by
781 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg (without any `^' or `$'). Any character may be used as a
782 delimiter for the parts of the modifier string. The anchoring,
783 ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a backslash
786 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
787 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg and _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg with the single exception that a backslash
788 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
789 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
791 :
\b:C
\bC/_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn/_
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt/[1
\b1g
\bgW
\bW]
792 The :
\b:C
\bC modifier is just like the :
\b:S
\bS modifier except that the old and
793 new strings, instead of being simple strings, are an extended regu-
794 lar expression (see regex(3)) string _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn and an ed(1)-style
795 string _
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt. Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern
796 _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn in each word of the value is substituted with _
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt.
797 The `1' modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one
798 word; the `g' modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many
799 instances of the search pattern _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn as occur in the word or
800 words it is found in; the `W' modifier causes the value to be
801 treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded white space).
802 Note that `1' and `g' are orthogonal; the former specifies whether
803 multiple words are potentially affected, the latter whether multiple
804 substitutions can potentially occur within each affected word.
806 As for the :
\b:S
\bS modifier, the _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn and _
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt are subjected to
807 variable expansion before being parsed as regular expressions.
809 :
\b:T
\bT Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
811 :
\b:u
\bu Remove adjacent duplicate words (like uniq(1)).
813 :
\b:?
\b?_
\bt_
\br_
\bu_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg:
\b:_
\bf_
\ba_
\bl_
\bs_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg
814 If the variable name (not its value), when parsed as a .if condi-
815 tional expression, evaluates to true, return as its value the
816 _
\bt_
\br_
\bu_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg, otherwise return the _
\bf_
\ba_
\bl_
\bs_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg. Since the variable
817 name is used as the expression, :? must be the first modifier after
818 the variable name itself - which will, of course, usually contain
819 variable expansions. A common error is trying to use expressions
821 ${NUMBERS:M42:?match:no}
822 which actually tests defined(NUMBERS), to determine is any words
823 match "42" you need to use something like:
824 ${"${NUMBERS:M42}" != "":?match:no}.
826 _
\b:_
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg_
\b=_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg
827 This is the AT&T System V UNIX style variable substitution. It must
828 be the last modifier specified. If _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg or _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg do not
829 contain the pattern matching character _
\b% then it is assumed that
830 they are anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or
831 entire words may be replaced. Otherwise _
\b% is the substring of
832 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg to be replaced in _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg.
834 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
835 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg and _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg with the single exception that a backslash
836 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
837 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
839 :
\b:@
\b@_
\bt_
\be_
\bm_
\bp@
\b@_
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg@
\b@
840 This is the loop expansion mechanism from the OSF Development Envi-
841 ronment (ODE) make. Unlike .
\b.f
\bfo
\bor
\br loops expansion occurs at the time
842 of reference. Assign _
\bt_
\be_
\bm_
\bp to each word in the variable and evaluate
843 _
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg. The ODE convention is that _
\bt_
\be_
\bm_
\bp should start and end with a
845 ${LINKS:@.LINK.@${LN} ${TARGET} ${.LINK.}@}
847 However a single character variable is often more readable:
848 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}
850 :
\b:U
\bU_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl
851 If the variable is undefined _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl is the value. If the variable
852 is defined, the existing value is returned. This is another ODE
853 make feature. It is handy for setting per-target CFLAGS for
855 ${_${.TARGET:T}_CFLAGS:U${DEF_CFLAGS}}
856 If a value is only required if the variable is undefined, use:
859 :
\b:D
\bD_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl
860 If the variable is defined _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl is the value.
862 :
\b:L
\bL The name of the variable is the value.
864 :
\b:P
\bP The path of the node which has the same name as the variable is the
865 value. If no such node exists or its path is null, then the name of
866 the variable is used. In order for this modifier to work, the name
867 (node) must at least have appeared on the rhs of a dependency.
869 :
\b:!
\b!_
\bc_
\bm_
\bd!
\b!
870 The output of running _
\bc_
\bm_
\bd is the value.
872 :
\b:s
\bsh
\bh If the variable is non-empty it is run as a command and the output
873 becomes the new value.
875 :
\b::
\b:=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br
876 The variable is assigned the value _
\bs_
\bt_
\br after substitution. This
877 modifier and its variations are useful in obscure situations such as
878 wanting to set a variable when shell commands are being parsed.
879 These assignment modifiers always expand to nothing, so if appearing
880 in a rule line by themselves should be preceded with something to
881 keep b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be happy.
883 The `:
\b::
\b:' helps avoid false matches with the AT&T System V UNIX style
884 :
\b:=
\b= modifier and since substitution always occurs the :
\b::
\b:=
\b= form is
887 :
\b::
\b:?
\b?=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br
888 As for :
\b::
\b:=
\b= but only if the variable does not already have a value.
890 :
\b::
\b:+
\b+=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br
891 Append _
\bs_
\bt_
\br to the variable.
893 :
\b::
\b:!
\b!=
\b=_
\bc_
\bm_
\bd
894 Assign the output of _
\bc_
\bm_
\bd to the variable.
896 :
\b:[
\b[_
\br_
\ba_
\bn_
\bg_
\be]
\b]
897 Selects one or more words from the value, or performs other opera-
898 tions related to the way in which the value is divided into words.
900 Ordinarily, a value is treated as a sequence of words delimited by
901 white space. Some modifiers suppress this behaviour, causing a
902 value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded
903 white space). An empty value, or a value that consists entirely of
904 white-space, is treated as a single word. For the purposes of the
905 `:
\b:[
\b[]
\b]' modifier, the words are indexed both forwards using positive
906 integers (where index 1 represents the first word), and backwards
907 using negative integers (where index -1 represents the last word).
909 The _
\br_
\ba_
\bn_
\bg_
\be is subjected to variable expansion, and the expanded
910 result is then interpreted as follows:
912 _
\bi_
\bn_
\bd_
\be_
\bx Selects a single word from the value.
914 _
\bs_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bt.
\b..
\b._
\be_
\bn_
\bd
915 Selects all words from _
\bs_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bt to _
\be_
\bn_
\bd, inclusive. For example,
916 `:
\b:[
\b[2
\b2.
\b..
\b.-
\b-1
\b1]
\b]' selects all words from the second word to the last
917 word. If _
\bs_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bt is greater than _
\be_
\bn_
\bd, then the words are out-
918 put in reverse order. For example, `:
\b:[
\b[-
\b-1
\b1.
\b..
\b.1
\b1]
\b]' selects all
919 the words from last to first.
921 *
\b* Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a single
922 word (possibly containing embedded white space). Analogous
923 to the effect of "$*" in Bourne shell.
925 0 Means the same as `:
\b:[
\b[*
\b*]
\b]'.
927 @
\b@ Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a sequence
928 of words delimited by white space. Analogous to the effect
929 of "$@" in Bourne shell.
931 #
\b# Returns the number of words in the value.
933 I
\bIN
\bNC
\bCL
\bLU
\bUD
\bDE
\bE S
\bST
\bTA
\bAT
\bTE
\bEM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bTS
\bS,
\b, C
\bCO
\bON
\bND
\bDI
\bIT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bNA
\bAL
\bLS
\bS A
\bAN
\bND
\bD F
\bFO
\bOR
\bR L
\bLO
\bOO
\bOP
\bPS
\bS
934 Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent of
935 the C programming language are provided in b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. All such structures
936 are identified by a line beginning with a single dot (`.') character.
937 Files are included with either .
\b.i
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be <_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be> or .
\b.i
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be "_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be". Vari-
938 ables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded to form
939 the file name. If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is
940 expected to be in the system makefile directory. If double quotes are
941 used, the including makefile's directory and any directories specified
942 using the -
\b-I
\bI option are searched before the system makefile directory.
943 For compatibility with other versions of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be `include file ...' is also
944 accepted. If the include statement is written as .
\b.-
\b-i
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be or as
945 .
\b.s
\bsi
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be then errors locating and/or opening include files are ignored.
947 Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
948 character of a line. The possible conditionals are as follows:
950 .
\b.e
\ber
\brr
\bro
\bor
\br _
\bm_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\ba_
\bg_
\be
951 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
952 line number, then b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will exit.
954 .
\b.e
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.
955 Export the specified global variable. If no variable list is
956 provided, all globals are exported except for internal variables
957 (those that start with `.'). This is not affected by the -
\b-X
\bX
958 flag, so should be used with caution. For compatibility with
959 other b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be programs `export variable=value' is also accepted.
961 Appending a variable name to _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD is equivalent to
962 exporting a variable.
964 .
\b.e
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt-
\b-e
\ben
\bnv
\bv _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.
965 The same as `.export', except that the variable is not appended
966 to _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD. This allows exporting a value to the environ-
967 ment which is different from that used by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be internally.
969 .
\b.i
\bin
\bnf
\bfo
\bo _
\bm_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\ba_
\bg_
\be
970 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
973 .
\b.u
\bun
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be
974 Un-define the specified global variable. Only global variables
977 .
\b.u
\bun
\bne
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.
978 The opposite of `.export'. The specified global _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be will be
979 removed from _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD. If no variable list is provided,
980 all globals are unexported, and _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD deleted.
982 .
\b.u
\bun
\bne
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt-
\b-e
\ben
\bnv
\bv
983 Unexport all globals previously exported and clear the environ-
984 ment inherited from the parent. This operation will cause a mem-
985 ory leak of the original environment, so should be used spar-
986 ingly. Testing for _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bL_
\bE_
\bV_
\bE_
\bL being 0, would make sense. Also
987 note that any variables which originated in the parent environ-
988 ment should be explicitly preserved if desired. For example:
990 .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0
996 Would result in an environment containing only `PATH', which is
997 the minimal useful environment. Actually `.MAKE.LEVEL' will also
998 be pushed into the new environment.
1000 .
\b.w
\bwa
\bar
\brn
\bni
\bin
\bng
\bg _
\bm_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\ba_
\bg_
\be
1001 The message prefixed by `_
\bw_
\ba_
\br_
\bn_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg_
\b:' is printed along with the name
1002 of the makefile and line number.
1004 .
\b.i
\bif
\bf [!]_
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1005 Test the value of an expression.
1007 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1008 Test the value of a variable.
1010 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1011 Test the value of a variable.
1013 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!]_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1014 Test the target being built.
1016 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!] _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1017 Test the target being built.
1019 .
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
1021 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bf [!] _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1022 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bf'.
1024 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1025 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf'.
1027 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1028 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf'.
1030 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!]_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1031 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be'.
1033 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!]_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1034 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be'.
1036 .
\b.e
\ben
\bnd
\bdi
\bif
\bf End the body of the conditional.
1038 The _
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br may be any one of the following:
1040 |
\b||
\b| Logical OR.
1042 &
\b&&
\b& Logical AND; of higher precedence than ``||''.
1044 As in C, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to
1045 determine its value. Parentheses may be used to change the order of
1046 evaluation. The boolean operator `!
\b!' may be used to logically negate an
1047 entire conditional. It is of higher precedence than `&
\b&&
\b&'.
1049 The value of _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn may be any of the following:
1051 d
\bde
\bef
\bfi
\bin
\bne
\bed
\bd Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if
1052 the variable has been defined.
1054 m
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1055 target was specified as part of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's command line or was
1056 declared the default target (either implicitly or explicitly,
1057 see _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bI_
\bN) before the line containing the conditional.
1059 e
\bem
\bmp
\bpt
\bty
\by Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true
1060 if the expansion of the variable would result in an empty
1063 e
\bex
\bxi
\bis
\bst
\bts
\bs Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1064 file exists. The file is searched for on the system search path
1065 (see _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH).
1067 t
\bta
\bar
\brg
\bge
\bet
\bt Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1068 target has been defined.
1070 c
\bco
\bom
\bmm
\bma
\ban
\bnd
\bds
\bs
1071 Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1072 target has been defined and has commands associated with it.
1074 _
\bE_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn may also be an arithmetic or string comparison. Variable
1075 expansion is performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the
1076 integral values are compared. A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if
1077 it is preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not sup-
1078 ported. The standard C relational operators are all supported. If after
1079 variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a `=
\b==
\b=' or `!
\b!=
\b='
1080 operator is not an integral value, then string comparison is performed
1081 between the expanded variables. If no relational operator is given, it
1082 is assumed that the expanded variable is being compared against 0 or an
1083 empty string in the case of a string comparison.
1085 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it
1086 encounters a (white-space separated) word it doesn't recognize, either
1087 the ``make'' or ``defined'' expression is applied to it, depending on the
1088 form of the conditional. If the form is `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf', `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf', or `.
\b.i
\bif
\bf'
1089 the ``defined'' expression is applied. Similarly, if the form is
1090 `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be' or `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be, t
\bth
\bhe
\be' ``make'' expression is applied.
1092 If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile contin-
1093 ues as before. If it evaluates to false, the following lines are
1094 skipped. In both cases this continues until a `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' or `.
\b.e
\ben
\bnd
\bdi
\bif
\bf' is
1097 For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1098 The syntax of a for loop is:
1100 .
\b.f
\bfo
\bor
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.] i
\bin
\bn _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn
1102 .
\b.e
\ben
\bnd
\bdf
\bfo
\bor
\br
1104 After the for e
\bex
\bxp
\bpr
\bre
\bes
\bss
\bsi
\bio
\bon
\bn is evaluated, it is split into words. On each
1105 iteration of the loop, one word is taken and assigned to each v
\bva
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be,
1106 in order, and these v
\bva
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\bes
\bs are substituted into the m
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be-
\b-r
\bru
\bul
\ble
\bes
\bs inside
1107 the body of the for loop. The number of words must come out even; that
1108 is, if there are three iteration variables, the number of words provided
1109 must be a multiple of three.
1111 C
\bCO
\bOM
\bMM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bTS
\bS
1112 Comments begin with a hash (`#') character, anywhere but in a shell com-
1113 mand line, and continue to the end of an unescaped new line.
1115 S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL S
\bSO
\bOU
\bUR
\bRC
\bCE
\bES
\bS (
\b(A
\bAT
\bTT
\bTR
\bRI
\bIB
\bBU
\bUT
\bTE
\bES
\bS)
\b)
1116 .
\b.E
\bEX
\bXE
\bEC
\bC Target is never out of date, but always execute commands any-
1119 .
\b.I
\bIG
\bGN
\bNO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this tar-
1120 get, exactly as if they all were preceded by a dash (`-').
1122 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAD
\bDE
\bE Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1124 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE Execute the commands associated with this target even if the -
\b-n
\bn
1125 or -
\b-t
\bt options were specified. Normally used to mark recursive
1126 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\bes.
1128 .
\b.M
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA Create a meta file for the target, even if it is flagged as
1129 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY, .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE, or .
\b.S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL. Usage in conjunction with .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE is
1130 the most likely case. In "meta" mode, the target is out-of-
1131 date if the meta file is missing.
1133 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOM
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA Do not create a meta file for the target. Meta files are also
1134 not created for .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY, .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE, or .
\b.S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL targets.
1136 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOM
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA_
\b_C
\bCM
\bMP
\bP
1137 Ignore differences in commands when deciding if target is out
1138 of date. This is useful if the command contains a value which
1139 always changes. If the number of commands change, though, the
1140 target will still be out of date. The same effect applies to
1141 any command line that uses the variable _
\b._
\bO_
\bO_
\bD_
\bA_
\bT_
\bE, which can be
1142 used for that purpose even when not otherwise needed or
1146 skip-compare-for-some:
1147 @echo this will be compared
1148 @echo this will not ${.OODATE:M.NOMETA_CMP}
1149 @echo this will also be compared
1151 The :
\b:M
\bM pattern suppresses any expansion of the unwanted vari-
1154 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH Do not search for the target in the directories specified by
1155 .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH.
1157 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOT
\bTM
\bMA
\bAI
\bIN
\bN Normally b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be selects the first target it encounters as the
1158 default target to be built if no target was specified. This
1159 source prevents this target from being selected.
1161 .
\b.O
\bOP
\bPT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bNA
\bAL
\bL
1162 If a target is marked with this attribute and b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be can't fig-
1163 ure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1164 the file isn't needed or already exists.
1166 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY The target does not correspond to an actual file; it is always
1167 considered to be out of date, and will not be created with the
1168 -
\b-t
\bt option. Suffix-transformation rules are not applied to
1169 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY targets.
1171 .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS
1172 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted, it normally removes any partially
1173 made targets. This source prevents the target from being
1176 .
\b.R
\bRE
\bEC
\bCU
\bUR
\bRS
\bSI
\bIV
\bVE
\bE
1177 Synonym for .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE.
1179 .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target,
1180 exactly as if they all were preceded by an at sign (`@').
1182 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE Turn the target into b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's version of a macro. When the tar-
1183 get is used as a source for another target, the other target
1184 acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1185 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE) of the source. If the target already has commands, the
1186 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE target's commands are appended to them.
1188 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bEB
\bBE
\bEF
\bFO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE
1189 Exactly like .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE, but prepend the .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bEB
\bBE
\bEF
\bFO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE target commands
1192 .
\b.W
\bWA
\bAI
\bIT
\bT If .
\b.W
\bWA
\bAI
\bIT
\bT appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede
1193 it are made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1194 Since the dependents of files are not made until the file
1195 itself could be made, this also stops the dependents being
1196 built unless they are needed for another branch of the depen-
1197 dency tree. So given:
1208 the output is always `a', `b1', `b', `x'.
1209 The ordering imposed by .
\b.W
\bWA
\bAI
\bIT
\bT is only relevant for parallel
1212 S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL T
\bTA
\bAR
\bRG
\bGE
\bET
\bTS
\bS
1213 Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
1214 the only target specified.
1216 .
\b.B
\bBE
\bEG
\bGI
\bIN
\bN Any command lines attached to this target are executed before
1217 anything else is done.
1219 .
\b.D
\bDE
\bEF
\bFA
\bAU
\bUL
\bLT
\bT
1220 This is sort of a .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE rule for any target (that was used only
1221 as a source) that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be can't figure out any other way to cre-
1222 ate. Only the shell script is used. The .
\b.I
\bIM
\bMP
\bPS
\bSR
\bRC
\bC variable of a
1223 target that inherits .
\b.D
\bDE
\bEF
\bFA
\bAU
\bUL
\bLT
\bT's commands is set to the target's
1226 .
\b.E
\bEN
\bND
\bD Any command lines attached to this target are executed after
1227 everything else is done.
1229 .
\b.E
\bER
\bRR
\bRO
\bOR
\bR Any command lines attached to this target are executed when
1230 another target fails. The .
\b.E
\bER
\bRR
\bRO
\bOR
\bR_
\b_T
\bTA
\bAR
\bRG
\bGE
\bET
\bT variable is set to the
1231 target that failed. See also M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE_
\b_P
\bPR
\bRI
\bIN
\bNT
\bT_
\b_V
\bVA
\bAR
\bR_
\b_O
\bON
\bN_
\b_E
\bER
\bRR
\bRO
\bOR
\bR.
1233 .
\b.I
\bIG
\bGN
\bNO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE Mark each of the sources with the .
\b.I
\bIG
\bGN
\bNO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE attribute. If no
1234 sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1237 .
\b.I
\bIN
\bNT
\bTE
\bER
\bRR
\bRU
\bUP
\bPT
\bT
1238 If b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted, the commands for this target will be
1241 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAI
\bIN
\bN If no target is specified when b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is invoked, this target
1244 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bEF
\bFL
\bLA
\bAG
\bGS
\bS
1245 This target provides a way to specify flags for b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be when the
1246 makefile is used. The flags are as if typed to the shell,
1247 though the -
\b-f
\bf option will have no effect.
1249 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH Apply the .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH attribute to any specified sources.
1251 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOT
\bTP
\bPA
\bAR
\bRA
\bAL
\bLL
\bLE
\bEL
\bL
1252 Disable parallel mode.
1254 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bO_
\b_P
\bPA
\bAR
\bRA
\bAL
\bLL
\bLE
\bEL
\bL
1255 Synonym for .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOT
\bTP
\bPA
\bAR
\bRA
\bAL
\bLL
\bLE
\bEL
\bL, for compatibility with other pmake
1258 .
\b.O
\bOR
\bRD
\bDE
\bER
\bR The named targets are made in sequence. This ordering does not
1259 add targets to the list of targets to be made. Since the depen-
1260 dents of a target do not get built until the target itself could
1261 be built, unless `a' is built by another part of the dependency
1262 graph, the following is a dependency loop:
1267 The ordering imposed by .
\b.O
\bOR
\bRD
\bDE
\bER
\bR is only relevant for parallel
1270 .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH The sources are directories which are to be searched for files
1271 not found in the current directory. If no sources are speci-
1272 fied, any previously specified directories are deleted. If the
1273 source is the special .
\b.D
\bDO
\bOT
\bTL
\bLA
\bAS
\bST
\bT target, then the current working
1274 directory is searched last.
1276 .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH.
\b._
\bs_
\bu_
\bf_
\bf_
\bi_
\bx
1277 Like .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH but applies only to files with a particular suffix.
1278 The suffix must have been previously declared with .
\b.S
\bSU
\bUF
\bFF
\bFI
\bIX
\bXE
\bES
\bS.
1280 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY Apply the .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY attribute to any specified sources.
1282 .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS
1283 Apply the .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS attribute to any specified sources. If no
1284 sources are specified, the .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS attribute is applied to
1285 every target in the file.
1287 .
\b.S
\bSH
\bHE
\bEL
\bLL
\bL Sets the shell that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will use to execute commands. The
1288 sources are a set of _
\bf_
\bi_
\be_
\bl_
\bd_
\b=_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be pairs.
1290 _
\bn_
\ba_
\bm_
\be This is the minimal specification, used to select
1291 one of the builtin shell specs; _
\bs_
\bh, _
\bk_
\bs_
\bh, and _
\bc_
\bs_
\bh.
1293 _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bh Specifies the path to the shell.
1295 _
\bh_
\ba_
\bs_
\bE_
\br_
\br_
\bC_
\bt_
\bl Indicates whether the shell supports exit on error.
1297 _
\bc_
\bh_
\be_
\bc_
\bk The command to turn on error checking.
1299 _
\bi_
\bg_
\bn_
\bo_
\br_
\be The command to disable error checking.
1301 _
\be_
\bc_
\bh_
\bo The command to turn on echoing of commands executed.
1303 _
\bq_
\bu_
\bi_
\be_
\bt The command to turn off echoing of commands exe-
1306 _
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\bt_
\be_
\br The output to filter after issuing the _
\bq_
\bu_
\bi_
\be_
\bt com-
1307 mand. It is typically identical to _
\bq_
\bu_
\bi_
\be_
\bt.
1309 _
\be_
\br_
\br_
\bF_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg The flag to pass the shell to enable error checking.
1311 _
\be_
\bc_
\bh_
\bo_
\bF_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg The flag to pass the shell to enable command echo-
1314 _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bl_
\bi_
\bn_
\be The string literal to pass the shell that results in
1315 a single newline character when used outside of any
1319 .SHELL: name=ksh path=/bin/ksh hasErrCtl=true \
1320 check="set -e" ignore="set +e" \
1321 echo="set -v" quiet="set +v" filter="set +v" \
1322 echoFlag=v errFlag=e newline="'\n'"
1324 .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT Apply the .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT attribute to any specified sources. If no
1325 sources are specified, the .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT attribute is applied to every
1326 command in the file.
1328 .
\b.S
\bST
\bTA
\bAL
\bLE
\bE This target gets run when a dependency file contains stale
1329 entries, having _
\b._
\bA_
\bL_
\bL_
\bS_
\bR_
\bC set to the name of that dependency file.
1331 .
\b.S
\bSU
\bUF
\bFF
\bFI
\bIX
\bXE
\bES
\bS
1332 Each source specifies a suffix to b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. If no sources are
1333 specified, any previously specified suffixes are deleted. It
1334 allows the creation of suffix-transformation rules.
1340 cc -o ${.TARGET} -c ${.IMPSRC}
1342 E
\bEN
\bNV
\bVI
\bIR
\bRO
\bON
\bNM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bT
1343 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be uses the following environment variables, if they exist: MACHINE,
1344 MACHINE_ARCH, MAKE, MAKEFLAGS, MAKEOBJDIR, MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX, MAKESYSPATH,
1347 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX and MAKEOBJDIR may only be set in the environment or on
1348 the command line to b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be and not as makefile variables; see the descrip-
1349 tion of `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' for more details.
1351 F
\bFI
\bIL
\bLE
\bES
\bS
1352 .depend list of dependencies
1353 Makefile list of dependencies
1354 makefile list of dependencies
1355 sys.mk system makefile
1356 /usr/share/mk system makefile directory
1358 C
\bCO
\bOM
\bMP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTI
\bIB
\bBI
\bIL
\bLI
\bIT
\bTY
\bY
1359 The basic make syntax is compatible between different versions of make,
1360 however the special variables, variable modifiers and conditionals are
1363 The way that parallel makes are scheduled changed in NetBSD 4.0 so that
1364 .ORDER and .WAIT apply recursively to the dependent nodes. The algo-
1365 rithms used may change again in the future.
1367 The way that .for loop variables are substituted changed after NetBSD 5.0
1368 so that they still appear to be variable expansions. In particular this
1369 stops them being treated as syntax, and removes some obscure problems
1370 using them in .if statements.
1372 S
\bSE
\bEE
\bE A
\bAL
\bLS
\bSO
\bO
1375 H
\bHI
\bIS
\bST
\bTO
\bOR
\bRY
\bY
1376 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is derived from NetBSD make(1). It uses autoconf to facilitate
1377 portability to other platforms.
1379 A make command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. This make implementation
1380 is based on Adam De Boor's pmake program which was written for Sprite at
1381 Berkeley. It was designed to be a parallel distributed make running jobs
1382 on different machines using a daemon called ``customs''.
1384 Historically the target/dependency ``FRC'' has been used to FoRCe
1385 rebuilding (since the target/dependency does not exist... unless someone
1386 creates an ``FRC'' file).
1389 The make syntax is difficult to parse without actually acting of the
1390 data. For instance finding the end of a variable use should involve
1391 scanning each the modifiers using the correct terminator for each field.
1392 In many places make just counts {} and () in order to find the end of a
1395 There is no way of escaping a space character in a filename.
1397 NetBSD 5.1 February 14, 2014 NetBSD 5.1