1 # @(#)bsd.README 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
2 # $FreeBSD: src/share/mk/bsd.README,v 1.25 2003/05/17 18:03:05 trhodes Exp $
3 # $DragonFly: src/share/mk/bsd.README,v 1.8 2008/03/02 19:56:53 swildner Exp $
5 This is the README file for the "include" files for the DragonFly
6 source tree. The files are installed in /usr/share/mk, and are, by
7 convention, named with the suffix ".mk". These files store several
8 build options and should be handled with caution.
10 Note, this file is not intended to replace reading through the .mk
11 files for anything tricky.
13 There are two main types of make include files. One type is the generally
14 usable make include files, such as bsd.prog.mk and bsd.lib.mk. The other is
15 the internal make include files, such as bsd.files.mk and bsd.man.mk, which
16 can not/should not be used directly but are used by the other make include
17 files. In most cases it is only interesting to include bsd.prog.mk or
20 bsd.cpu.gcc34.mk - handle GCC 3.4 specific CPU flags & variables
21 bsd.cpu.gcc41.mk - handle GCC 4.1 specific CPU flags & variables
22 bsd.cpu.mk - handle CPU flags & variables
23 bsd.dep.mk - handle Makefile dependencies
24 bsd.doc.mk - building troff system documents
25 bsd.files.mk - install of general purpose files
28 bsd.incs.mk - install of include files
29 bsd.info.mk - building GNU Info hypertext system
30 bsd.init.mk - initialization for the make include files
31 bsd.kmod.mk - building loadable kernel modules
32 bsd.lib.mk - support for building libraries
33 bsd.libnames.mk - define library names
34 bsd.links.mk - install of links (sym/hard)
35 bsd.man.mk - install of manual pages and their links
36 bsd.nls.mk - build and install of NLS catalogs
37 bsd.obj.mk - creating 'obj' directories and cleaning up
38 bsd.own.mk - define common variables
40 bsd.prog.mk - building programs from source files
41 bsd.subdir.mk - targets for building subdirectories
42 bsd.sys.mk - common settings used for building FreeBSD sources
43 sys.mk - default rules for all makes
46 See also make(1), mkdep(1) and `PMake - A Tutorial',
47 located in /usr/src/share/doc/psd/12.make.
49 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
51 Random things worth knowing about this document:
53 If appropriate when documenting the variables the default value is
54 indicated using square brackets e.g. [gzip].
55 In some cases the default value depend on other values (e.g. system
56 architecture). In these cases the most common value is indicated.
58 This document contains some simple examples of the usage of the BSD make
59 include files. For more examples look at the makefiles in the DragonFly
62 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
64 RANDOM THINGS WORTH KNOWING:
66 The files are like C-style #include files, and pretty much behave like
67 you'd expect. The syntax is slightly different in that a single '.' is
68 used instead of the hash mark, i.e. ".include <bsd.prog.mk>".
70 One difference that will save you lots of debugging time is that inclusion
71 of the file is normally done at the *end* of the Makefile. The reason for
72 this is because .mk files often modify variables and behavior based on the
73 values of variables set in the Makefile. To make this work, remember that
74 the FIRST target found is the target that is used, i.e. if the Makefile has:
81 the command "make a" will echo "a". To make things confusing, the SECOND
82 variable assignment is the overriding one, i.e. if the Makefile has:
90 the command "make b" will echo "bar". This is for compatibility with the
91 way the V7 make behaved.
93 It's fairly difficult to make the BSD .mk files work when you're building
94 multiple programs in a single directory. It's a lot easier split up the
95 programs than to deal with the problem. Most of the agony comes from making
96 the "obj" directory stuff work right, not because we switch to a new version
97 of make. So, don't get mad at us, figure out a better way to handle multiple
98 architectures so we can quit using the symbolic link stuff. (Imake doesn't
101 The file .depend in the source directory is expected to contain dependencies
102 for the source files. This file is read automatically by make after reading
105 The variable DESTDIR works as before. It's not set anywhere but will change
106 the tree where the file gets installed.
108 The profiled libraries are no longer built in a different directory than
109 the regular libraries. A new suffix, ".po", is used to denote a profiled
112 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
114 The include file <sys.mk> has the default rules for all makes, in the BSD
115 environment or otherwise. You probably don't want to touch this file.
117 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
119 The include file <bsd.man.mk> handles installing manual pages and their
122 It has three targets:
127 install the manual pages and their links.
129 verify the validity of manual pages.
131 It sets/uses the following variables:
133 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
141 MANSUBDIR Subdirectory under the manual page section, i.e. "/vax"
142 or "/tahoe" for machine specific manual pages.
144 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
146 MLINKS List of manual page links (using a .1 - .9 suffix). The
147 linked-to file must come first, the linked file second,
148 and there may be multiple pairs. The files are soft-linked.
150 The include file <bsd.man.mk> includes a file named "../Makefile.inc" if
153 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
155 The include file <bsd.own.mk> contains the owners, groups, etc. for both
156 manual pages and binaries.
160 It sets/uses the following variables:
168 STRIP The flag passed to the install program to cause the binary
169 to be stripped. This is to be used when building your
170 own install script so that the entire system can be made
171 stripped/not-stripped using a single knob.
173 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
181 This file is generally useful when building your own Makefiles so that
182 they use the same default owners etc. as the rest of the tree.
184 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
186 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> handles building programs from one or
187 more source files, along with their manual pages. It has a limited number
188 of suffixes, consistent with the current needs of the BSD tree.
190 It has seven targets:
193 build the program and its manual page
195 remove the program and any object files.
197 remove all of the files removed by the target clean, as
198 well as .depend, tags, and any manual pages.
200 make the dependencies for the source files, and store
201 them in the file .depend.
203 install the program and its manual pages; if the Makefile
204 does not itself define the target install, the targets
205 beforeinstall and afterinstall may also be used to cause
206 actions immediately before and after the install target
209 run lint on the source files
211 create a tags file for the source files.
213 It sets/uses the following variables:
221 CLEANFILES Additional files to remove and
222 CLEANDIRS additional directories to remove during clean and cleandir
223 targets. "rm -f" and "rm -rf" used respectively.
225 COPTS Additional flags to the compiler when creating C objects.
227 FILES A list of non-executable files.
228 The installation is controlled by the FILESNAME, FILESOWN,
229 FILESGRP, FILESMODE, FILESDIR variables that can be
230 further specialized by <VAR>_<file>.
232 HIDEGAME If HIDEGAME is defined, the binary is installed in
233 /usr/games/hide, and a symbolic link is created to
236 LDADD Additional loader objects. Usually used for libraries.
237 For example, to load with the compatibility and utility
240 LDFILES=-lutil -lcompat
242 LDFLAGS Additional loader flags.
244 LINKS The list of binary links; should be full pathnames, the
245 linked-to file coming first, followed by the linked
246 file. The files are hard-linked. For example, to link
247 /bin/test and /bin/[, use:
249 LINKS= ${DESTDIR}/bin/test ${DESTDIR}/bin/[
251 MAN Manual pages (should end in .1 - .9). If no MAN variable
252 is defined, "MAN=${PROG}.1" is assumed.
254 PROG The name of the program to build. If not supplied, nothing
257 PROG_CXX If defined, the name of the program to build. Also
258 causes <bsd.prog.mk> to link the program with the
259 standard C++ library. PROG_CXX overrides the value
260 of PROG if PROG is also set.
262 PROGNAME The name that the above program will be installed as, if
263 different from ${PROG}.
265 SRCS List of source files to build the program. If SRCS is not
266 defined, it's assumed to be ${PROG}.c or, if PROG_CXX is
267 defined, ${PROG_CXX}.cc.
269 DPADD Additional dependencies for the program. Usually used for
270 libraries. For example, to depend on the compatibility and
271 utility libraries use:
273 SRCLIB=${LIBCOMPAT} ${LIBUTIL}
275 There is a predefined identifier for each (non-profiled,
276 non-shared) library and object. Library file names are
277 transformed to identifiers by removing the extension and
278 converting to upper case.
280 There are no special identifiers for profiled or shared
281 libraries or objects. The identifiers for the standard
282 libraries are used in DPADD. This works correctly iff all
283 the libraries are built at the same time. Unfortunately,
284 it causes unnecessary relinks to shared libraries when
285 only the static libraries have changed. Dependencies on
286 shared libraries should be only on the library version
289 STRIP The flag passed to the install program to cause the binary
290 to be stripped. This is to be used when building your
291 own install script so that the entire system can be made
292 stripped/not-stripped using a single knob.
294 SUBDIR A list of subdirectories that should be built as well.
295 Each of the targets will execute the same target in the
298 SCRIPTS A list of interpreter scripts [file.{sh,csh,pl,awk,...}].
299 The installation is controlled by the SCRIPTSNAME, SCRIPTSOWN,
300 SCRIPTSGRP, SCRIPTSMODE, SCRIPTSDIR variables that can be
301 further specialized by SCRIPTS<VAR>_<script>.
303 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
304 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
306 Some simple examples:
308 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.1, use:
312 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
314 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.2, add the line:
318 If foo does not have a manual page at all, add the line:
322 If foo has multiple source files, add the line:
324 SRCS= a.c b.c c.c d.c
326 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
328 The include file <bsd.subdir.mk> contains the default targets for building
329 subdirectories. It has the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean,
330 cleandir, depend, install, lint, and tags. For all of the directories
331 listed in the variable SUBDIRS, the specified directory will be visited
332 and the target made. There is also a default target which allows the
333 command "make subdir" where subdir is any directory listed in the variable
336 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
338 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> has support for building libraries. It has
339 the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean, cleandir, depend,
340 install, lint, and tags. It has a limited number of suffixes, consistent
341 with the current needs of the BSD tree.
343 It sets/uses the following variables:
345 LIBDIR Target directory for libraries.
347 LINTLIBDIR Target directory for lint libraries.
349 LIBGRP Library group.
351 LIBOWN Library owner.
353 LIBMODE Library mode.
355 LDADD Additional loader objects.
357 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
359 SRCS List of source files to build the library. Suffix types
360 .s, .c, and .f are supported. Note, .s files are preferred
361 to .c files of the same name. (This is not the default for
364 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
365 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
367 It has rules for building profiled objects; profiled libraries are
370 Libraries are ranlib'd before installation.