sbin/dump/main.c

   1 /*-
   2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   7  * are met:
   8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  13  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  15  *    without specific prior written permission.
  16  *
  17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  28  *
  29  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  30  * @(#)main.c   8.6 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
  31  * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/dump/main.c,v 1.20.2.9 2003/01/25 18:54:59 dillon Exp $
  32  * $DragonFly: src/sbin/dump/main.c,v 1.15 2006/10/21 04:10:02 pavalos Exp $
  33  */
  34
  35 #include <sys/param.h>
  36 #include <sys/stat.h>
  37 #include <sys/time.h>
  38 #ifdef sunos
  39 #include <sys/vnode.h>
  40
  41 #include <ufs/inode.h>
  42 #include <ufs/fs.h>
  43 #else
  44 #include <vfs/ufs/dinode.h>
  45 #include <vfs/ufs/fs.h>
  46 #endif
  47
  48 #include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
  49
  50 #include <ctype.h>
  51 #include <err.h>
  52 #include <fcntl.h>
  53 #include <fstab.h>
  54 #include <signal.h>
  55 #include <stdio.h>
  56 #include <stdlib.h>
  57 #include <string.h>
  58 #include <unistd.h>
  59
  60 #include "dump.h"
  61 #include "pathnames.h"
  62
  63 #ifndef SBOFF
  64 #define SBOFF (SBLOCK * DEV_BSIZE)
  65 #endif
  66
  67 int     notify = 0;     /* notify operator flag */
  68 int     blockswritten = 0;      /* number of blocks written on current tape */
  69 int     tapeno = 0;     /* current tape number */
  70 int     density = 0;    /* density in bytes/0.1" " <- this is for hilit19 */
  71 int     ntrec = NTREC;  /* # tape blocks in each tape record */
  72 int     cartridge = 0;  /* Assume non-cartridge tape */
  73 int     dokerberos = 0; /* Use Kerberos authentication */
  74 int     cachesize = 0;  /* block cache size (in bytes) */
  75 long    dev_bsize = 1;  /* recalculated below */
  76 long    blocksperfile;  /* output blocks per file */
  77 const char *host;       /* remote host (if any) */
  78 const char *dumpdates;  /* name of the file containing dump date information*/
  79 const char *temp;       /* name of the file for doing rewrite of dumpdates */
  80
  81 static long     numarg(const char *, long, long);
  82 static void     obsolete(int *, char **[]);
  83 static void     usage(void);
  84
  85 int
  86 main(int argc, char **argv)
  87 {
  88         struct stat sb;
  89         ufs1_ino_t ino;
  90         int dirty;
  91         struct ufs1_dinode *dp;
  92         struct  fstab *dt;
  93         char *map;
  94         int ch;
  95         int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
  96         int just_estimate = 0;
  97         ufs1_ino_t maxino;
  98
  99         spcl.c_date = 0;
 100         time((time_t *)&spcl.c_date);
 101
 102         tsize = 0;      /* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
 103         if ((tape = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL)
 104                 tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
 105         dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
 106         temp = _PATH_DTMP;
 107         if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
 108                 quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE\n");
 109         level = '0';
 110
 111         if (argc < 2)
 112                 usage();
 113
 114         obsolete(&argc, &argv);
 115 #ifdef KERBEROS
 116 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:kns:ST:uWwD:C:"
 117 #else
 118 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:ns:ST:uWwD:C:"
 119 #endif
 120         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, optstring)) != -1)
 121 #undef optstring
 122                 switch (ch) {
 123                 /* dump level */
 124                 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
 125                 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
 126                         level = ch;
 127                         break;
 128
 129                 case 'a':               /* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */
 130                         unlimited = 1;
 131                         break;
 132
 133                 case 'B':               /* blocks per output file */
 134                         blocksperfile = numarg("number of blocks per file",
 135                             1L, 0L);
 136                         break;
 137
 138                 case 'b':               /* blocks per tape write */
 139                         ntrec = numarg("number of blocks per write",
 140                             1L, 1000L);
 141                         break;
 142
 143                 case 'c':               /* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
 144                         cartridge = 1;
 145                         break;
 146
 147                 case 'd':               /* density, in bits per inch */
 148                         density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10;
 149                         if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
 150                                 ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
 151                         break;
 152
 153                 case 'f':               /* output file */
 154                         tape = optarg;
 155                         break;
 156
 157                 case 'D':
 158                         dumpdates = optarg;
 159                         break;
 160
 161                 case 'C':
 162                         cachesize = numarg("cachesize", 0, 0) * 1024 * 1024;
 163                         break;
 164
 165                 case 'h':
 166                         honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L);
 167                         break;
 168
 169 #ifdef KERBEROS
 170                 case 'k':
 171                         dokerberos = 1;
 172                         break;
 173 #endif
 174
 175                 case 'n':               /* notify operators */
 176                         notify = 1;
 177                         break;
 178
 179                 case 's':               /* tape size, feet */
 180                         tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10;
 181                         break;
 182
 183                 case 'S':               /* exit after estimating # of tapes */
 184                         just_estimate = 1;
 185                         break;
 186
 187                 case 'T':               /* time of last dump */
 188                         spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg);
 189                         if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
 190                                 fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n", optarg);
 191                                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 192                         }
 193                         Tflag = 1;
 194                         lastlevel = '?';
 195                         break;
 196
 197                 case 'u':               /* update /etc/dumpdates */
 198                         uflag = 1;
 199                         break;
 200
 201                 case 'W':               /* what to do */
 202                 case 'w':
 203                         lastdump(ch);
 204                         exit(X_FINOK);  /* do nothing else */
 205
 206                 default:
 207                         usage();
 208                 }
 209         argc -= optind;
 210         argv += optind;
 211
 212         if (argc < 1) {
 213                 fprintf(stderr, "Must specify disk or filesystem\n");
 214                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 215         }
 216         disk = *argv++;
 217         argc--;
 218         if (argc >= 1) {
 219                 fprintf(stderr, "Unknown arguments to dump:");
 220                 while (argc--)
 221                         fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
 222                 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 223                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 224         }
 225         if (Tflag && uflag) {
 226                 fprintf(stderr, "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
 227                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 228         }
 229         if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) {
 230                 pipeout++;
 231                 tape = "standard output";
 232         }
 233
 234         if (blocksperfile)
 235                 blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */
 236         else if (!unlimited) {
 237                 /*
 238                  * Determine how to default tape size and density
 239                  *
 240                  *              density                         tape size
 241                  * 9-track      1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1")        2300 ft.
 242                  * 9-track      6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1")        2300 ft.
 243                  * cartridge    8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1")        1700 ft.
 244                  *                                              (450*4 - slop)
 245                  * hilit19 hits again: "
 246                  */
 247                 if (density == 0)
 248                         density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
 249                 if (tsize == 0)
 250                         tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
 251         }
 252
 253         if (strchr(tape, ':')) {
 254                 char *ehost;
 255                 if ((host = strdup(tape)) == NULL)
 256                         err(1, "strdup failed");
 257                 ehost = strchr(host, ':');
 258                 *ehost++ = '\0';
 259                 tape = ehost;
 260 #ifdef RDUMP
 261                 if (strchr(tape, '\n')) {
 262                     fprintf(stderr, "invalid characters in tape\n");
 263                     exit(X_STARTUP);
 264                 }
 265                 if (rmthost(host) == 0)
 266                         exit(X_STARTUP);
 267 #else
 268                 fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
 269                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 270 #endif
 271         }
 272         setuid(getuid()); /* rmthost() is the only reason to be setuid */
 273
 274         if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 275                 signal(SIGHUP, sig);
 276         if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 277                 signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
 278         if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 279                 signal(SIGFPE, sig);
 280         if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 281                 signal(SIGBUS, sig);
 282         if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 283                 signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
 284         if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 285                 signal(SIGTERM, sig);
 286         if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
 287                 signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
 288
 289         dump_getfstab();                /* /etc/fstab snarfed */
 290         /*
 291          *      disk can be either the full special file name,
 292          *      the suffix of the special file name,
 293          *      the special name missing the leading '/',
 294          *      the file system name with or without the leading '/'.
 295          */
 296         dt = fstabsearch(disk);
 297         if (dt != NULL) {
 298                 disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
 299                 strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
 300                 strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN);
 301         } else {
 302                 strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN);
 303                 strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system", NAMELEN);
 304         }
 305         spcl.c_dev[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
 306         spcl.c_filesys[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
 307         strcpy(spcl.c_label, "none");
 308         gethostname(spcl.c_host, NAMELEN);
 309         spcl.c_level = level - '0';
 310         spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
 311         if (!Tflag)
 312                 getdumptime();          /* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */
 313
 314         msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
 315                 spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime((const time_t *)&spcl.c_date));
 316         msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel,
 317                 spcl.c_ddate == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime((const time_t *)&spcl.c_ddate));
 318         msg("Dumping %s ", disk);
 319         if (dt != NULL)
 320                 msgtail("(%s) ", dt->fs_file);
 321         if (host)
 322                 msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
 323         else
 324                 msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
 325
 326         if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
 327                 err(X_STARTUP, "Cannot open %s", disk);
 328         if (fstat(diskfd, &sb) != 0)
 329                 err(X_STARTUP, "%s: stat", disk);
 330         if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
 331                 errx(X_STARTUP, "%s: unknown file system", disk);
 332         sync();
 333         sblock = (struct fs *)sblock_buf;
 334         bread(SBOFF, (char *) sblock, SBSIZE);
 335         if (sblock->fs_magic != FS_MAGIC)
 336                 quit("bad sblock magic number\n");
 337         dev_bsize = sblock->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(sblock, 1);
 338         dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
 339         if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
 340                 quit("dev_bsize (%ld) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
 341         tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
 342         if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
 343                 quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
 344 #ifdef FS_44INODEFMT
 345         if (sblock->fs_inodefmt >= FS_44INODEFMT)
 346                 spcl.c_flags |= DR_NEWINODEFMT;
 347 #endif
 348         maxino = sblock->fs_ipg * sblock->fs_ncg;
 349         mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE);
 350         usedinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
 351         dumpdirmap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
 352         dumpinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
 353         tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
 354
 355         nonodump = spcl.c_level < honorlevel;
 356
 357         passno = 1;
 358         setproctitle("%s: pass 1: regular files", disk);
 359         msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
 360         anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize);
 361
 362         passno = 2;
 363         setproctitle("%s: pass 2: directories", disk);
 364         msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
 365         while (anydirskipped) {
 366                 anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
 367         }
 368
 369         if (pipeout || unlimited) {
 370                 tapesize += 10; /* 10 trailer blocks */
 371                 msg("estimated %ld tape blocks.\n", tapesize);
 372         } else {
 373                 double fetapes;
 374
 375                 if (blocksperfile)
 376                         fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
 377                 else if (cartridge) {
 378                         /* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
 379                            the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
 380                            Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
 381                            for with an artificially low tape size. */
 382                         fetapes =
 383                         (         (double) tapesize     /* blocks */
 384                                 * TP_BSIZE      /* bytes/block */
 385                                 * (1.0/density) /* 0.1" / byte " */
 386                           +
 387                                   (double) tapesize     /* blocks */
 388                                 * (1.0/ntrec)   /* streaming-stops per block */
 389                                 * 15.48         /* 0.1" / streaming-stop " */
 390                         ) * (1.0 / tsize );     /* tape / 0.1" " */
 391                 } else {
 392                         /* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
 393                            tape */
 394                         int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
 395                         fetapes =
 396                         (         (double) tapesize     /* blocks */
 397                                 * TP_BSIZE      /* bytes / block */
 398                                 * (1.0/density) /* 0.1" / byte " */
 399                           +
 400                                   (double) tapesize     /* blocks */
 401                                 * (1.0/ntrec)   /* IRG's / block */
 402                                 * tenthsperirg  /* 0.1" / IRG " */
 403                         ) * (1.0 / tsize );     /* tape / 0.1" " */
 404                 }
 405                 etapes = fetapes;               /* truncating assignment */
 406                 etapes++;
 407                 /* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
 408                 tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
 409                         (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
 410                 tapesize += etapes + 10;        /* headers + 10 trailer blks */
 411                 msg("estimated %ld tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
 412                     tapesize, fetapes);
 413         }
 414
 415         /*
 416          * If the user only wants an estimate of the number of
 417          * tapes, exit now.
 418          */
 419         if (just_estimate)
 420                 exit(0);
 421
 422         /*
 423          * Allocate tape buffer.
 424          */
 425         if (!alloctape())
 426                 quit(
 427         "can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller blocking factor.\n");
 428
 429         startnewtape(1);
 430         time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing));
 431         dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
 432
 433         passno = 3;
 434         setproctitle("%s: pass 3: directories", disk);
 435         msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
 436         dirty = 0;              /* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
 437         for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
 438                 if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)    /* map is offset by 1 */
 439                         dirty = *map++;
 440                 else
 441                         dirty >>= 1;
 442                 if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
 443                         continue;
 444                 /*
 445                  * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
 446                  */
 447                 dp = getino(ino);
 448                 if ((dp->di_mode & IFMT) != IFDIR)
 449                         continue;
 450                 dumpino(dp, ino);
 451         }
 452
 453         passno = 4;
 454         setproctitle("%s: pass 4: regular files", disk);
 455         msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
 456         for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
 457                 int mode;
 458
 459                 if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)    /* map is offset by 1 */
 460                         dirty = *map++;
 461                 else
 462                         dirty >>= 1;
 463                 if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
 464                         continue;
 465                 /*
 466                  * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
 467                  */
 468                 dp = getino(ino);
 469                 mode = dp->di_mode & IFMT;
 470                 if (mode == IFDIR)
 471                         continue;
 472                 dumpino(dp, ino);
 473         }
 474
 475         time(&tend_writing);
 476         spcl.c_type = TS_END;
 477         for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
 478                 writeheader(maxino - 1);
 479         if (pipeout)
 480                 msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks\n", (long)spcl.c_tapea);
 481         else
 482                 msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks on %d volume%s\n",
 483                     (long)spcl.c_tapea, spcl.c_volume,
 484                     (spcl.c_volume == 1) ? "" : "s");
 485
 486         /* report dump performance, avoid division through zero */
 487         if (tend_writing - tstart_writing == 0)
 488                 msg("finished in less than a second\n");
 489         else
 490                 msg("finished in %ld seconds, throughput %ld KBytes/sec\n",
 491                     (long)(tend_writing - tstart_writing),
 492                     spcl.c_tapea / (tend_writing - tstart_writing));
 493
 494         putdumptime();
 495         trewind();
 496         broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\a\a\n");
 497         msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
 498         Exit(X_FINOK);
 499         /* NOTREACHED */
 500 }
 501
 502 static void
 503 usage(void)
 504 {
 505         fprintf(stderr,
 506                 "usage: dump [-0123456789ac"
 507 #ifdef KERBEROS
 508                 "k"
 509 #endif
 510                 "nSu] [-B records] [-b blocksize] [-D dumpdates]\n"
 511                 "            [-d density] [-f file ] [-h level] [-s feet]\n"
 512                 "            [-T date] [-C cachesizeMB] filesystem\n"
 513                 "       dump [-W | -w]\n");
 514         exit(X_STARTUP);
 515 }
 516
 517 /*
 518  * Pick up a numeric argument.  It must be nonnegative and in the given
 519  * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
 520  */
 521 static long
 522 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax)
 523 {
 524         char *p;
 525         long val;
 526
 527         val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
 528         if (*p)
 529                 errx(1, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg);
 530         if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
 531                 errx(1, "%s must be between %ld and %ld", meaning, vmin, vmax);
 532         return (val);
 533 }
 534
 535 void
 536 sig(int signo)
 537 {
 538         switch(signo) {
 539         case SIGALRM:
 540         case SIGBUS:
 541         case SIGFPE:
 542         case SIGHUP:
 543         case SIGTERM:
 544         case SIGTRAP:
 545                 if (pipeout)
 546                         quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover\n");
 547                 msg("Rewriting attempted as response to unknown signal.\n");
 548                 fflush(stderr);
 549                 fflush(stdout);
 550                 close_rewind();
 551                 exit(X_REWRITE);
 552                 /* NOTREACHED */
 553         case SIGSEGV:
 554                 msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
 555                 signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
 556                 kill(0, SIGSEGV);
 557                 /* NOTREACHED */
 558         }
 559 }
 560
 561 char *
 562 rawname(char *cp)
 563 {
 564         static char rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
 565         char *dp;
 566         struct stat sb;
 567
 568         if (stat(cp, &sb) == 0) {
 569                 /*
 570                  * If the name already refers to a raw device, return
 571                  * it immediately without tampering.
 572                  */
 573                 if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
 574                         return (cp);
 575         }
 576
 577         dp = strrchr(cp, '/');
 578
 579         if (dp == NULL)
 580                 return (NULL);
 581         *dp = '\0';
 582         strncpy(rawbuf, cp, MAXPATHLEN - 1);
 583         rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN-1] = '\0';
 584         *dp = '/';
 585         strncat(rawbuf, "/r", MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
 586         strncat(rawbuf, dp + 1, MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
 587         return (rawbuf);
 588 }
 589
 590 /*
 591  * obsolete --
 592  *      Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something
 593  *      getopt(3) will like.
 594  */
 595 static void
 596 obsolete(int *argcp, char ***argvp)
 597 {
 598         int argc, flags;
 599         char *ap, **argv, *flagsp, **nargv, *p;
 600
 601         /* Setup. */
 602         argv = *argvp;
 603         argc = *argcp;
 604
 605         /* Return if no arguments or first argument has leading dash. */
 606         ap = argv[1];
 607         if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-')
 608                 return;
 609
 610         /* Allocate space for new arguments. */
 611         if ((*argvp = nargv = malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *))) == NULL ||
 612             (p = flagsp = malloc(strlen(ap) + 2)) == NULL)
 613                 err(1, NULL);
 614
 615         *nargv++ = *argv;
 616         argv += 2;
 617
 618         for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) {
 619                 switch (*ap) {
 620                 case 'B':
 621                 case 'b':
 622                 case 'd':
 623                 case 'f':
 624                 case 'D':
 625                 case 'C':
 626                 case 'h':
 627                 case 's':
 628                 case 'T':
 629                         if (*argv == NULL) {
 630                                 warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap);
 631                                 usage();
 632                         }
 633                         if ((nargv[0] = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1)) == NULL)
 634                                 err(1, NULL);
 635                         nargv[0][0] = '-';
 636                         nargv[0][1] = *ap;
 637                         strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv);
 638                         ++argv;
 639                         ++nargv;
 640                         break;
 641                 default:
 642                         if (!flags) {
 643                                 *p++ = '-';
 644                                 flags = 1;
 645                         }
 646                         *p++ = *ap;
 647                         break;
 648                 }
 649         }
 650
 651         /* Terminate flags. */
 652         if (flags) {
 653                 *p = '\0';
 654                 *nargv++ = flagsp;
 655         }
 656
 657         /* Copy remaining arguments. */
 658         while ((*nargv++ = *argv++));
 659
 660         /* Update argument count. */
 661         *argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1;
 662 }