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32 .\" @(#)xargs.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/xargs/xargs.1,v 1.6.2.12 2003/06/01 21:40:35 mux Exp $
34 .\" $xMach: xargs.1,v 1.2 2002/02/23 05:23:37 tim Exp $
41 .Nd "construct argument list(s) and execute utility"
48 .Op Fl R Ar replacements
58 .Op Ar utility Op Ar argument ...
62 utility reads space, tab, newline and end-of-file delimited strings
63 from the standard input and executes
68 Any arguments specified on the command line are given to
70 upon each invocation, followed by some number of the arguments read
71 from the standard input of
74 is repeatedly executed until standard input is exhausted.
76 Spaces, tabs and newlines may be embedded in arguments using single
78 or double (``"'') quotes or backslashes (``\e'').
79 Single quotes escape all non-single quote characters, excluding newlines,
80 up to the matching single quote.
81 Double quotes escape all non-double quote characters, excluding newlines,
82 up to the matching double quote.
83 Any single character, including newlines, may be escaped by a backslash.
85 The options are as follows:
86 .Bl -tag -width indent
92 characters as separators, instead of spaces and newlines.
93 This is expected to be used in concert with the
100 as a logical EOF marker.
104 for each input line, replacing one or more occurrences of
110 flag is specified) arguments to
112 with the entire line of input.
113 The resulting arguments, after replacement is done, will not be allowed to grow
114 beyond 255 bytes; this is implemented by concatenating as much of the argument
117 as possible, to the constructed arguments to
120 The 255 byte limit does not apply to arguments to
124 and furthermore, no replacement will be done on
130 If this option is specified,
132 will use the data read from standard input to replace the first occurrence of
134 instead of appending that data after all other arguments.
135 This option will not affect how many arguments will be read from input
137 or the size of the command(s)
141 The option just moves where those arguments will be placed in the command(s)
145 must show up as a distinct
149 It will not be recognized if, for instance, it is in the middle of a
151 Furthermore, only the first occurrence of the
154 For example, the following command will copy the list of files and
155 directories which start with an uppercase letter in the current
159 .Dl /bin/ls -1d [A-Z]* | xargs -J % cp -rp % destdir
166 If EOF is reached and fewer lines have been read than
170 will be called with the available lines.
172 Set the maximum number of arguments taken from standard input for each
179 standard input arguments if the number of bytes accumulated (see the
181 option) exceeds the specified
183 or there are fewer than
185 arguments remaining for the last invocation of
187 The current default value for
193 in the child process before executing the command.
194 This is useful if you want
196 to run an interactive application.
198 Parallel mode: run at most
204 Echo each command to be executed and ask the user whether it should be
206 An affirmative response,
209 causes the command to be executed, any other response causes it to be
211 No commands are executed if the process is not attached to a terminal.
213 Compatibility with GNU
219 argument at least once, even if
221 input is empty, and it supports a
223 option to inhibit this behavior.
230 argument on empty input, but it supports the
232 option for command-line compatibility with GNU
236 option does nothing in the
240 .It Fl R Ar replacements
241 Specify the maximum number of arguments that
243 will do replacement in.
245 Set the maximum number of bytes for the command line length provided to
247 The sum of the length of the utility name, the arguments passed to
251 terminators) and the current environment will be less than or equal to
253 The current default value for
259 Echo the command to be executed to standard error immediately before it
264 to terminate immediately if a command line containing
266 arguments will not fit in the specified (or default) command line length.
275 Undefined behavior may occur if
277 reads from the standard input.
281 utility exits immediately (without processing any further input) if a
282 command line cannot be assembled,
284 cannot be invoked, an invocation of
286 is terminated by a signal,
289 exits with a value of 255.
293 utility exits with a value of 0 if no error occurs.
298 exits with a value of 127, otherwise if
302 exits with a value of 126.
303 If any other error occurs,
305 exits with a value of 1.
313 utility is expected to be
320 options are non-standard
322 extensions which may not be available on other operating systems.
326 command appeared in PWB
331 attempts to invoke another command such that the number of arguments or the
332 size of the environment is increased, it risks