8 If you do not want to read this entire file, then at least read
9 the section at the end entitled "KNOWN PROBLEMS".
11 If you are having any problems getting top to work, please read the
12 file "FAQ" *before* contacting me. Thank you.
14 "top" is a program that will give continual reports about the state of
15 the system, including a list of the top cpu using processes. Version 3
16 of "top" has three primary design goals: provide an accurate snapshot of
17 the system and process state, not be one of the top processes itself, be
18 as portable as possible.
20 Version 3 has many bug fixes from version 2.5, and it has also been
21 reorganized in a major way to make it easy to port to other platforms.
22 All system dependent code is now contained in one file.
24 Top now includes a configuration script called "Configure". It helps
25 the installer choose the correct parameters for this particular
26 installation. This script MUST be run before attempting to compile top.
28 Top requires read access to the memory files "/dev/kmem" and "/dev/mem"
29 as well as the system image "/vmunix". Some installations have these
30 files protected from general access. These sites would have to install
31 this program in the same way that programs such as "ps" are installed.
32 In addition, on those Unix variants that support the proc filesystem
33 (such as SVR4 and Solaris 2), top requires read access to all the files
34 in /proc: typically dictating that top be installed setuid to root.
36 CAVEAT: version 3 of top has internal commands that kill and renice
37 processes. Although I have taken steps to insure that top makes
38 appropriate checks with these commands, I cannot guarantee that these
39 internal commands are totally secure. IF YOU INSTALL top as a SETUID
40 program, you do so AT YOUR OWN RISK! I realize that some operating
41 systems will require top to run setuid, and I will do everything I can
42 to make sure that top is a secure setuid program.
44 Configure will ask you to input values for certain parameters. Before
45 each parameter, Configure will display a description of what the
46 parameter does. Read the description and choose an appropriate value.
47 Sometimes a default will appear in brackets. Typing just return will
50 System support now takes the form of "modules". Adding support for
51 a different architecture requires only adding a module. Configure
52 asks which module to use when it is configuring top. See the file
53 "Porting" for a description of how to write your own module.
55 To compile and install "top", read the file "INSTALL" and follow the
56 directions and advice contained therein.
58 Once you have created a binary for one particular type of machine, you
59 can reconfigure for another type with "./Configure modulename" where
60 "modulename" is replaced with the appropriate module name. All other
61 parameter values are kept the same. Note that in some cases this may
64 If you make any kind of change to "top" that you feel would be
65 beneficial to others who use this program, or if you find and fix a bug,
66 please send me the change.
68 Be sure to read the FAQ enclosed with the distrubution. It contains
69 answers to the most commonly asked questions about the configuration,
70 installation, and operation of top.
75 The latest version of "top" is now being made available via anonymous
76 FTP from the host "ftp.groupsys.com" in the directory "/pub/top".
77 Additional modules will be made available in the directory
78 "/pub/top/m". The site "eecs.nwu.edu" will continue to house copies
79 of the distribution as well.
81 Here are HTML links for the four best "top" archive sites:
83 <A HREF="ftp://ftp.groupsys.com/pub/top">Top archive (groupsys.com)</A>
84 <A HREF="ftp://eecs.nwu.edu/pub/top">Top archive (eecs.nwu.edu)</A>
85 <A HREF="ftp://pharos.dgim.doc.ca/packages/top"> Top mirror (dgim.doc.ca)</A>
86 <A HREF="ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/pub/packages/top/">Top mirror (uiuc.edu)</A>
88 New releases will be posted to comp.sources.unix as they become
89 available. Sites which arhive that newsgroup will also contain copies
92 Announcements about availability will be made to the mailing list
93 "top-announce@groupsys.com". This is an open list maintained by
94 majordomo. To join the list, send a message containing the word
95 "subscribe" to "top-announce-request@groupsys.com". Addresses of
96 subscribers to this list are kept confidential and will never be used
97 for any purpose other than as recipients of announements concerning
105 Compiling via Gnu CC continued to be the source of most of the
106 questions I receive. By far the most common mistake made by those
107 attempting to compile top with Gnu CC is out of date include files.
108 When the operating system is upgraded, the include files that are part
109 of the gcc package MUST also be updated. Gcc maintains its own
110 include files. Even a minor OS upgrade can involve changes to some of
111 the kernel's internal data structures, which are defined in include
112 files in "sys". Top is very sensitive to these changes. If you are
113 compiling with gcc and experience any sort of strange problems, please
114 make sure the include files you are using are up to date BEFORE
115 sending me a bug report. Look in the gcc source distribution for the
116 shell script "fixincludes".
120 In their infinite wisdom, the folks at HP have decided that mere mortals
121 such as you and I don't need to know what the kernel's proc structure looks
122 like. To that end, they have removed all useful content from the include
123 file <sys/proc.h> in version 10.10. As a result, top will not compile
124 under 10.10. What HP is trying to accomplish with this move is to force
125 iconoclasts such as myself to use "pstat" for collecting all process
126 information. I have no immediate solution for this problem, but hope to
127 obtain a sufficiently complete definition of "struct proc" at some point in
128 the near future. Stay tuned.
130 DIGITAL UNIX 4.0 (DECOSF/1 V4.0)
132 A user has reported that idle processes are not displayed regardless
133 of the flags used when invoking top. We have not had time to track
138 There is a bug either in the module, in utils.c, or in DEC's optimizer that
139 is tickled by the decosf1 module when compiled under V3.0 (and perhaps
140 earlier versions). Top compiled using DEC's compiler with optimization
141 will consistently produce a segmentation fault (in format_next_process
142 while calling sprintf). To work around this problem, either compile top
143 with gcc or turn off optimization (compile without -O). We think that
144 one of the bugs fixed in utils.c fixed this problem as well, but we are
150 Load average and memory displays do not work. The problem has been
151 traced down to a potential bug in the "mem" driver. The author
152 of the svr42 module is working on a fix.
158 My perpetual thanks to all the people who have helped me support top
159 on so many platforms. Without these people, top would not be what it
160 is. Here is a partial list of contributors and other individuals.
162 Robert Boucher <boucher@sofkin.ca>
163 Marc Cohen <marc@aai.com>
164 David Cutter <dpc@grail.com>
165 Casper Dik <Casper.Dik@Sun.COM>
166 Charles Hedrick <hedrick@geneva.rutgers.edu>
167 Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.apana.org.au>
168 Jeff Janvrin <jeff.janvrin@columbiasc.ncr.com>
169 Torsten Kasch <torsten@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>
170 Petri Kutvonen <kutvonen@cs.helsinki.fi>
171 William L. Jones <jones@chpc>
172 Tim Pugh <tpugh@oce.orst.edu>
173 Steve Scherf <scherf@swdc.stratus.com>
174 Phillip Wu <pwu01@qantek.com.au>
176 (My apologies if I missed anyone.)
189 11585 Jones Bridge Road