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28 .\" @(#)resolver.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
29 .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/net/resolver.3,v 1.33 2007/01/09 00:28:02 imp Exp $
30 .\" $DragonFly: src/lib/libc/net/resolver.3,v 1.4 2007/11/23 23:16:36 swildner Exp $
58 .Fa "const char *dname"
66 .Fa "const char *dname"
75 .Fa "const char *dname"
78 .Fa "const u_char *data"
80 .Fa "const u_char *newrr_in"
86 .Fa "const u_char *msg"
95 .Fa "const char *exp_dn"
99 .Fa "u_char **lastdnptr"
103 .Fa "const u_char *msg"
104 .Fa "const u_char *eomorig"
105 .Fa "const u_char *comp_dn"
110 .Fn dn_skipname "const u_char *comp_dn" "const u_char *eom"
112 .Fn ns_get16 "const u_char *src"
114 .Fn ns_get32 "const u_char *src"
116 .Fn ns_put16 "u_int src" "u_char *dst"
118 .Fn ns_put32 "u_long src" "u_char *dst"
120 These routines are used for making, sending and interpreting
121 query and reply messages with Internet domain name servers.
123 Global configuration and state information that is used by the
124 resolver routines is kept in the structure
126 Most of the values have reasonable defaults and can be ignored.
133 Options are stored as a simple bit mask containing the bitwise ``or''
134 of the options enabled.
135 .Bl -tag -width RES_USE_INET6
137 True if the initial name server address and default domain name are
142 Print debugging messages.
144 Accept authoritative answers only.
147 should continue until it finds an authoritative answer or finds an error.
148 Currently this is not implemented.
152 connections for queries instead of
160 connection open between
162 This is useful only in programs that regularly do many queries.
164 should be the normal mode used.
166 Unused currently (ignore truncation errors, i.e., do not retry with
169 Set the recursion-desired bit in queries.
172 does not do iterative queries and expects the name server
173 to handle recursion.)
177 will append the default domain name to single-component names
178 (those that do not contain a dot).
179 This option is enabled by default.
181 If this option is set,
183 will search for host names in the current domain and in parent domains; see
185 This is used by the standard host lookup routine
186 .Xr gethostbyname 3 .
187 This option is enabled by default.
189 This option turns off the user level aliasing feature controlled by the
191 environment variable.
192 Network daemons should set this option.
194 Enables support for IPv6-only applications.
195 This causes IPv4 addresses to be returned as an IPv4 mapped address.
199 .Li ::ffff:10.1.1.1 .
200 The option is meaningful with certain kernel configuration only.
202 Enables support for OPT pseudo-RR for EDNS0 extension.
203 With the option, resolver code will attach OPT pseudo-RR into DNS queries,
204 to inform of our receive buffer size.
205 The option will allow DNS servers to take advantage of non-default receive
206 buffer size, and to send larger replies.
207 DNS query packets with EDNS0 extension is not compatible with
208 non-EDNS0 DNS servers.
214 reads the configuration file (if any; see
216 to get the default domain name,
218 the Internet address of the local name server(s).
219 If no server is configured, the host running
220 the resolver is tried.
221 The current domain name is defined by the hostname
222 if not specified in the configuration file;
223 it can be overridden by the environment variable
225 This environment variable may contain several blank-separated
226 tokens if you wish to override the
228 on a per-process basis.
229 This is similar to the
231 command in the configuration file.
232 Another environment variable
235 override certain internal resolver options which are otherwise
236 set by changing fields in the
238 structure or are inherited from the configuration file's
243 environment variable is explained in
245 Initialization normally occurs on the first call
246 to one of the following routines.
250 function provides an interface to the server query mechanism.
251 It constructs a query, sends it to the local server,
252 awaits a response, and makes preliminary checks on the reply.
253 The query requests information of the specified
257 for the specified fully-qualified domain name
259 The reply message is left in the
263 supplied by the caller.
267 routine makes a query and awaits a response like
269 but in addition, it implements the default and search rules
275 It returns the first successful reply.
277 The remaining routines are lower-level routines used by
282 constructs a standard query message and places it in
284 It returns the size of the query, or \-1 if the query is
291 but can be any of the query types defined in
293 The domain name for the query is given by
298 is currently unused but is intended for making update messages.
303 sends a pre-formatted query and returns an answer.
308 is not set, send the query to the local name server, and
309 handle timeouts and retries.
310 The length of the reply message is returned, or
311 \-1 if there were errors.
316 compresses the domain name
320 The size of the compressed name is returned or \-1 if there were errors.
321 The size of the array pointed to by
328 to previously-compressed names in the current message.
329 The first pointer points to
330 the beginning of the message and the list ends with
332 The limit to the array is specified by
336 is to update the list of pointers for
337 labels inserted into the message
338 as the name is compressed.
343 names are not compressed.
348 the list of labels is not updated.
353 expands the compressed domain name
355 to a full domain name
356 The compressed name is contained in a query or reply message;
358 is a pointer to the beginning of the message.
359 The uncompressed name is placed in the buffer indicated by
363 The size of compressed name is returned or \-1 if there was an error.
367 function skips over a compressed domain name, which starts at a location
370 The compressed name is contained in a query or reply message;
372 is a pointer to the end of the message.
373 The size of compressed name is returned or \-1 if there was
378 function gets a 16-bit quantity from a buffer pointed to by
383 function gets a 32-bit quantity from a buffer pointed to by
388 function puts a 16-bit quantity
390 to a buffer pointed to by
395 function puts a 32-bit quantity
397 to a buffer pointed to by
399 .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
400 This implementation of the resolver is thread-safe, but it will not
401 function properly if the programmer attempts to declare his or her own
403 structure in an attempt to replace the per-thread version referred to
408 function will return 0 on success, or \-1 in a threaded program if
409 per-thread storage could not be allocated.
416 functions return the size of the response on success, or \-1 if an
420 may be checked to determine the reason for error.
423 for more information.
425 .Bl -tag -width /etc/resolv.conf
426 .It Pa /etc/resolv.conf
427 The configuration file,
432 .Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
443 .%T "Name Server Operations Guide for BIND"