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1 # <pre>
2 # @(#)antarctica 8.7
3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
7 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
8 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
9 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
10 # </a>
11 # and
12 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
13 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
14 # </a>
15 # for information.
16 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
17 #
18 # Except for the French entries,
19 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
20 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
22 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
23 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
24 Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
25 Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
26 Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
27 Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
28 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
29 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
30 Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
31 Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
32 Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
34 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
35 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
36 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
37 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
38 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
39 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
40 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
41 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
42 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
43 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
44 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
45 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
46 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
47 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
48 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
49 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
50 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
51 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
52 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
53 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
54 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
55 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
56 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
57 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
58 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
61 # Argentina - year-round bases
62 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
63 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
64 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
65 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
66 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
67 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
68 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
70 # Australia - territories
71 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
72 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
73 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
74 # Margaret Turner reports
75 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
76 # presumably this is when they have visitors.
77 #
78 # year-round bases
79 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
80 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
81 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
82 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
84 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
85 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
86 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
87 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
88 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
89 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
90 #
91 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
92 # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
93 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
94 # </a>
95 #
96 # We have more background information here:
97 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
98 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
99 # </a>
101 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
102 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
103 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
104 # Western (Aus) Standard Time
105 11:00 - CAST # Casey Time
106 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
107 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
108 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
109 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
110 5:00 - DAVT
111 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
112 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
113 # Mawson Time
114 5:00 - MAWT
115 # References:
116 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
117 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
118 # </a>
119 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
120 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
121 # </a>
122 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
123 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
124 # </a>
126 # Brazil - year-round base
127 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
129 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
130 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
131 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
132 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
133 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
134 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
135 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
137 # China - year-round bases
138 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
139 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
141 # France - year-round bases
142 #
143 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
144 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
145 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
146 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
147 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
148 # from Tasmania.
149 #
150 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
151 #
152 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
153 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
154 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
155 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
156 #
157 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
158 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
159 #
160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
161 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
162 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
163 #
164 # year-round base in the main continent
165 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
166 #
167 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
168 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
169 #
170 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
171 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
172 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
173 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
174 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
175 # Reference:
176 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
177 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
178 # </a>
180 # Germany - year-round base
181 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
183 # India - year-round base
184 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
186 # Japan - year-round bases
187 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
188 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
189 #
190 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
191 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
192 #
193 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
194 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
195 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
196 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
197 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
198 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
199 # See:
200 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
201 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
202 # </a>
204 # S Korea - year-round base
205 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
207 # New Zealand - claims
208 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
209 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
210 #
211 # year-round base
212 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
213 #
214 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
215 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
216 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
217 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
218 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
219 Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
220 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
221 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
222 Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
223 Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
224 Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
226 # Norway - territories
227 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
228 #
229 # claims
230 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
232 # Poland - year-round base
233 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
235 # Russia - year-round bases
236 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
237 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
238 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
239 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
240 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
241 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
243 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
244 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
245 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
246 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
247 # time as Moscow, Russia.
248 #
249 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
250 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
251 # what they had to say about time there:
252 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
253 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
254 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
255 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
256 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
257 #
258 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
259 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
260 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
261 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
262 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
263 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
264 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
265 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
266 #
267 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
268 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
270 # S Africa - year-round bases
271 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
272 # Sanae, -7141-00250
274 # UK
275 #
276 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
277 # South Orkney Islands
278 # scientific station from 1903
279 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
280 # South Shetland Islands
281 #
282 # year-round bases
283 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
284 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
285 # scientific station 1943/1967,
286 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
287 # and a garrison was deployed briefly
288 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
289 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
290 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
291 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
292 #
293 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
294 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
295 #
296 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
297 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
298 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
300 # Uruguay - year round base
301 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
303 # USA - year-round bases
304 #
305 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
306 #
307 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
308 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
309 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
310 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
311 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
312 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
313 #
314 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
315 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
316 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
317 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
318 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
319 #
320 #
321 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
322 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
323 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
324 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
325 #
326 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
327 #
328 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
329 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
330 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
331 #
332 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
333 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
334 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
335 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
336 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
337 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
338 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
339 #
340 # From Susan Smith
341 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
342 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
343 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
344 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
345 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
346 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
347 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
348 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
349 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
350 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
351 #
352 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole