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32 .\" @(#)chmod.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/31/94
33 .\" $FreeBSD: head/bin/chmod/chmod.1 282208 2015-04-29 00:49:00Z smh $
44 .Op Fl R Op Fl H | L | P
50 utility modifies the file mode bits of the listed files
55 The options are as follows:
56 .Bl -tag -width indent
58 Do not display a diagnostic message if
60 could not modify the mode for
62 nor modify the exit status to reflect such failures.
66 option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed
67 and hence unaffected by the command.
68 (Symbolic links encountered during tree traversal are not followed.)
70 If the file is a symbolic link, change the mode of the link itself
71 rather than the file that the link points to.
75 option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
79 option is specified, no symbolic links are followed.
82 Change the modes of the file hierarchies rooted in the files,
83 instead of just the files themselves.
84 Beware of unintentionally matching the
86 hard link to the parent directory when using wildcards like
91 to be verbose, showing filenames as the mode is modified.
94 flag is specified more than once, the old and new modes of the file
95 will also be printed, in both octal and symbolic notation.
103 options are ignored unless the
106 In addition, these options override each other and the
107 command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
109 Only the owner of a file or the super-user is permitted to change
114 Modes may be absolute or symbolic.
115 An absolute mode is an octal number constructed from the sum of
116 one or more of the following values:
118 .Bl -tag -width 6n -compact -offset indent
121 Executable files with this bit set
122 will run with effective uid set to the uid of the file owner.
123 Directories with this bit set will force all files and
124 sub-directories created in them to be owned by the directory owner
125 and not by the uid of the creating process, if the underlying file
126 system supports this feature: see
134 Executable files with this bit set
135 will run with effective gid set to the gid of the file owner.
145 Allow write by owner.
147 For files, allow execution by owner.
148 For directories, allow the owner to
149 search in the directory.
151 Allow read by group members.
153 Allow write by group members.
155 For files, allow execution by group members.
156 For directories, allow
157 group members to search in the directory.
159 Allow read by others.
161 Allow write by others.
163 For files, allow execution by others.
164 For directories allow others to
165 search in the directory.
168 For example, the absolute mode that permits read, write and execute by
169 the owner, read and execute by group members, read and execute by
170 others, and no set-uid or set-gid behaviour is 755
171 (400+200+100+040+010+004+001).
173 The symbolic mode is described by the following grammar:
174 .Bd -literal -offset indent
175 mode ::= clause [, clause ...]
176 clause ::= [who ...] [action ...] action
177 action ::= op [perm ...]
178 who ::= a | u | g | o
180 perm ::= r | s | t | w | x | X | u | g | o
185 symbols ``u'', ``g'', and ``o'' specify the user, group, and other parts
186 of the mode bits, respectively.
189 symbol ``a'' is equivalent to ``ugo''.
193 symbols represent the portions of the mode bits as follows:
195 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
199 The set-user-ID-on-execution and set-group-ID-on-execution bits.
205 The execute/search bits.
207 The execute/search bits if the file is a directory or any of the
208 execute/search bits are set in the original (unmodified) mode.
211 symbol ``X'' are only meaningful in conjunction with the
213 symbol ``+'', and are ignored in all other cases.
215 The user permission bits in the original mode of the file.
217 The group permission bits in the original mode of the file.
219 The other permission bits in the original mode of the file.
224 symbols represent the operation performed, as follows:
227 If no value is supplied for
229 the ``+'' operation has no effect.
230 If no value is supplied for
232 each permission bit specified in
234 for which the corresponding bit in the file mode creation mask
238 Otherwise, the mode bits represented by the specified
244 If no value is supplied for
246 the ``\-'' operation has no effect.
247 If no value is supplied for
249 each permission bit specified in
251 for which the corresponding bit in the file mode creation mask
252 is clear, is cleared.
253 Otherwise, the mode bits represented by the specified
259 The mode bits specified by the
261 value are cleared, or, if no
263 value is specified, the owner, group
264 and other mode bits are cleared.
265 Then, if no value is supplied for
267 each permission bit specified in
269 for which the corresponding bit in the file mode creation mask
271 Otherwise, the mode bits represented by the specified
280 specifies one or more operations to be performed on the mode
281 bits, and each operation is applied to the mode bits in the
284 Operations upon the other permissions only (specified by the symbol
285 ``o'' by itself), in combination with the
287 symbols ``s'' or ``t'', are ignored.
289 The ``w'' permission on directories will permit file creation, relocation,
290 and copy into that directory.
291 Files created within the directory itself will inherit its group ID.
293 .Bl -tag -width "u=rwx,go=u-w" -compact
295 make a file readable by anyone and writable by the owner only.
298 deny write permission to group and others.
301 set the read and write permissions to the usual defaults, but
302 retain any execute permissions that are currently set.
305 make a directory or file searchable/executable by everyone if it is
306 already searchable/executable by anyone.
311 make a file readable/executable by everyone and writable by the owner only.
314 clear all mode bits for group and others.
317 set the group bits equal to the user bits, but clear the group write bit.
322 option is non-standard and its use in scripts is not recommended.
338 utility is expected to be
340 compatible with the exception of the
344 which is not included in that standard.
353 option for the naughty bits of a horse.