2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
14 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
15 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 .\" without specific prior written permission.
20 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32 .\" @(#)jot.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/jot/jot.1,v 1.8.2.6 2002/07/15 07:13:13 keramida Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/jot/jot.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:27 dillon Exp $
41 .Nd print sequential or random data
49 .Op Ar reps Op Ar begin Op Ar end Op Ar s
53 utility is used to print out increasing, decreasing, random,
54 or redundant data, usually numbers, one per line.
56 The following options are available:
57 .Bl -tag -width indent
59 Generate random data instead of the default sequential data.
67 with the generated data appended to it.
68 Octal, hexadecimal, exponential,
71 and right-adjusted representations
72 are possible by using the appropriate
74 conversion specification inside
76 in which case the data are inserted rather than appended.
78 This is an abbreviation for
81 Print data separated by
83 Normally, newlines separate data.
85 Do not print the final newline normally appended to the output.
87 Print only as many digits or characters of the data
88 as indicated by the integer
92 the precision is the greater of the precisions of
98 option is overridden by whatever appears in a
104 The last four arguments indicate, respectively,
105 the number of data, the lower bound, the upper bound,
106 and the step size or, for random data, the seed.
107 While at least one of them must appear,
108 any of the other three may be omitted, and
109 will be considered as such if given as
111 Any three of these arguments determines the fourth.
112 If four are specified and the given and computed values of
114 conflict, the lower value is used.
115 If fewer than three are specified, defaults are assigned
116 left to right, except for
118 which assumes its default unless both
124 Defaults for the four arguments are, respectively,
125 100, 1, 100, and 1, except that when random data are requested,
131 argument is expected to be an unsigned integer,
132 and if given as zero is taken to be infinite.
137 arguments may be given as real numbers or as characters
138 representing the corresponding value in
140 The last argument must be a real number.
142 Random numbers are obtained through
155 prints 21 evenly spaced numbers increasing from -1 to 1.
158 character set is generated with
161 and the strings xaa through xaz with
164 while 20 random 8-letter strings are produced with
165 .Dl "jot -r -c 160 a z | rs -g 0 8"
169 may be obtained through
174 substitution commands applying to lines 2, 7, 12, etc. is
176 .Dl jot -w %ds/old/new/ 30 2 - 5
178 The stuttering sequence 9, 9, 8, 8, 7, etc. can be
179 produced by suitable choice of step size,
183 and a file containing exactly 1024 bytes is created with
184 .Dl jot -b x 512 > block
186 Finally, to set tabs four spaces apart starting
187 from column 10 and ending in column 132, use
188 .Dl expand -`jot -s, - 10 132 4`
190 and to print all lines 80 characters or longer,
191 .Dl grep `jot -s \&"\&" -b \&. 80`
193 The following diagnostic messages deserve special explanation:
195 .It "illegal or unsupported format '%s'"
196 The requested conversion format specifier for
199 .Dl %[#][ ][{+,-}][0-9]*[.[0-9]*]?
205 .Dl {c,e,f,g,D,E,G,O,U,X}
206 .It "range error in conversion"
207 A value to be printed fell outside the range of the data type
208 associated with the requested output format.
209 .It "too many conversions"
210 More than one conversion format specifier has been supplied,
211 but only one is allowed.