1 ====== Formatting Syntax ======
3 [[doku>DokuWiki]] supports some simple markup language, which tries to make the datafiles to be as readable as possible. This page contains all possible syntax you may use when editing the pages. Simply have a look at the source of this page by pressing "Edit this page". If you want to try something, just use the [[playground:playground|playground]] page. The simpler markup is easily accessible via [[doku>toolbar|quickbuttons]], too.
5 ===== Basic Text Formatting =====
7 DokuWiki supports **bold**, //italic//, __underlined__ and ''monospaced'' texts. Of course you can **__//''combine''//__** all these.
9 DokuWiki supports **bold**, //italic//, __underlined__ and ''monospaced'' texts.
10 Of course you can **__//''combine''//__** all these.
12 You can use <sub>subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup>, too.
14 You can use <sub>subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup>, too.
16 You can mark something as <del>deleted</del> as well.
18 You can mark something as <del>deleted</del> as well.
20 **Paragraphs** are created from blank lines. If you want to **force a newline** without a paragraph, you can use two backslashes followed by a whitespace or the end of line.
22 This is some text with some linebreaks\\ Note that the
23 two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line\\
24 or followed by\\ a whitespace \\this happens without it.
26 This is some text with some linebreaks\\ Note that the
27 two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line\\
28 or followed by\\ a whitespace \\this happens without it.
30 You should use forced newlines only if really needed.
34 DokuWiki supports multiple ways of creating links.
38 External links are recognized automagically: http://www.google.com or simply www.google.com - You can set the link text as well: [[http://www.google.com|This Link points to google]]. Email addresses like this one: <andi@splitbrain.org> are recognized, too.
40 DokuWiki supports multiple ways of creating links. External links are recognized
41 automagically: http://www.google.com or simply www.google.com - You can set
42 link text as well: [[http://www.google.com|This Link points to google]]. Email
43 addresses like this one: <andi@splitbrain.org> are recognized, too.
47 Internal links are created by using square brackets. You can either just give a [[pagename]] or use an additional [[pagename|link text]].
49 Internal links are created by using square brackets. You can either just give
50 a [[pagename]] or use an additional [[pagename|link text]].
52 [[doku>pagename|Wiki pagenames]] are converted to lowercase automatically, special characters are not allowed.
54 You can use [[some:namespaces]] by using a colon in the pagename.
56 You can use [[some:namespaces]] by using a colon in the pagename.
58 For details about namespaces see [[doku>namespaces]].
60 Linking to a specific section is possible, too. Just add the section name behind a hash character as known from HTML. This links to [[syntax#internal|this Section]].
62 This links to [[syntax#internal|this Section]].
66 * Links to [[syntax|existing pages]] are shown in a different style from [[nonexisting]] ones.
67 * DokuWiki does not use [[wp>CamelCase]] to automatically create links by default, but this behavior can be enabled in the [[doku>config]] file. Hint: If DokuWiki is a link, then it's enabled.
68 * When a section's heading is changed, its bookmark changes, too. So don't rely on section linking too much.
72 DokuWiki supports [[doku>Interwiki]] links. These are quick links to other Wikis. For example this is a link to Wikipedia's page about Wikis: [[wp>Wiki]].
74 DokuWiki supports [[doku>Interwiki]] links. These are quick links to other Wikis.
75 For example this is a link to Wikipedia's page about Wikis: [[wp>Wiki]].
77 ==== Windows Shares ====
79 Windows shares like [[\\server\share|this]] are recognized, too. Please note that these only make sense in a homogeneous user group like a corporate [[wp>Intranet]].
81 Windows Shares like [[\\server\share|this]] are recognized, too.
85 * For security reasons direct browsing of windows shares only works in Microsoft Internet Explorer per default (and only in the "local zone").
86 * For Mozilla and Firefox it can be enabled through different workaround mentioned in the [[http://kb.mozillazine.org/Links_to_local_pages_do_not_work|Mozilla Knowledge Base]]. However, there will still be a JavaScript warning about trying to open a Windows Share. To remove this warning (for all users), put the following line in ''conf/lang/en/lang.php'' (more details at [[doku>localization#changing_some_localized_texts_and_strings_in_your_installation|localization]]): <code - conf/lang/en/lang.php>
89 * Customization of the english language file
90 * Copy only the strings that needs to be modified
92 $lang['js']['nosmblinks'] = '';
97 You can also use an image to link to another internal or external page by combining the syntax for links and [[#images_and_other_files|images]] (see below) like this:
99 [[http://php.net|{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}]]
101 [[http://php.net|{{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}]]
103 Please note: The image formatting is the only formatting syntax accepted in link names.
105 The whole [[#images_and_other_files|image]] and [[#links|link]] syntax is supported (including image resizing, internal and external images and URLs and interwiki links).
107 ===== Footnotes =====
109 You can add footnotes ((This is a footnote)) by using double parentheses.
111 You can add footnotes ((This is a footnote)) by using double parentheses.
113 ===== Sectioning =====
115 You can use up to five different levels of headlines to structure your content. If you have more than three headlines, a table of contents is generated automatically -- this can be disabled by including the string ''<nowiki>~~NOTOC~~</nowiki>'' in the document.
117 ==== Headline Level 3 ====
118 === Headline Level 4 ===
119 == Headline Level 5 ==
121 ==== Headline Level 3 ====
122 === Headline Level 4 ===
123 == Headline Level 5 ==
125 By using four or more dashes, you can make a horizontal line:
129 ===== Media Files =====
131 You can include external and internal [[doku>images|images, videos and audio files]] with curly brackets. Optionally you can specify the size of them.
133 Real size: {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
135 Resize to given width: {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?50}}
137 Resize to given width and height((when the aspect ratio of the given width and height doesn't match that of the image, it will be cropped to the new ratio before resizing)): {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?200x50}}
139 Resized external image: {{https://www.php.net/images/php.gif?200x50}}
141 Real size: {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
142 Resize to given width: {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?50}}
143 Resize to given width and height: {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?200x50}}
144 Resized external image: {{https://www.php.net/images/php.gif?200x50}}
147 By using left or right whitespaces you can choose the alignment.
149 {{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
151 {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png }}
153 {{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png }}
155 {{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png}}
156 {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png }}
157 {{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png }}
159 Of course, you can add a title (displayed as a tooltip by most browsers), too.
161 {{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png |This is the caption}}
163 {{ wiki:dokuwiki-128.png |This is the caption}}
165 For linking an image to another page see [[#Image Links]] above.
167 ==== Supported Media Formats ====
169 DokuWiki can embed the following media formats directly.
171 | Image | ''gif'', ''jpg'', ''png'' |
172 | Video | ''webm'', ''ogv'', ''mp4'' |
173 | Audio | ''ogg'', ''mp3'', ''wav'' |
176 If you specify a filename that is not a supported media format, then it will be displayed as a link instead.
178 By adding ''?linkonly'' you provide a link to the media without displaying it inline
180 {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?linkonly}}
182 {{wiki:dokuwiki-128.png?linkonly}} This is just a link to the image.
184 ==== Fallback Formats ====
186 Unfortunately not all browsers understand all video and audio formats. To mitigate the problem, you can upload your file in different formats for maximum browser compatibility.
188 For example consider this embedded mp4 video:
190 {{video.mp4|A funny video}}
192 When you upload a ''video.webm'' and ''video.ogv'' next to the referenced ''video.mp4'', DokuWiki will automatically add them as alternatives so that one of the three files is understood by your browser.
194 Additionally DokuWiki supports a "poster" image which will be shown before the video has started. That image needs to have the same filename as the video and be either a jpg or png file. In the example above a ''video.jpg'' file would work.
198 Dokuwiki supports ordered and unordered lists. To create a list item, indent your text by two spaces and use a ''*'' for unordered lists or a ''-'' for ordered ones.
202 * You may have different levels
205 - The same list but ordered
207 - Just use indention for deeper levels
213 * You may have different levels
216 - The same list but ordered
218 - Just use indention for deeper levels
222 Also take a look at the [[doku>faq:lists|FAQ on list items]].
224 ===== Text Conversions =====
226 DokuWiki can convert certain pre-defined characters or strings into images or other text or HTML.
228 The text to image conversion is mainly done for smileys. And the text to HTML conversion is used for typography replacements, but can be configured to use other HTML as well.
230 ==== Text to Image Conversions ====
232 DokuWiki converts commonly used [[wp>emoticon]]s to their graphical equivalents. Those [[doku>Smileys]] and other images can be configured and extended. Here is an overview of Smileys included in DokuWiki:
254 * DELETEME %% DELETEME %%
256 ==== Text to HTML Conversions ====
258 Typography: [[DokuWiki]] can convert simple text characters to their typographically correct entities. Here is an example of recognized characters.
260 -> <- <-> => <= <=> >> << -- --- 640x480 (c) (tm) (r)
261 "He thought 'It's a man's world'..."
264 -> <- <-> => <= <=> >> << -- --- 640x480 (c) (tm) (r)
265 "He thought 'It's a man's world'..."
268 The same can be done to produce any kind of HTML, it just needs to be added to the [[doku>entities|pattern file]].
270 There are three exceptions which do not come from that pattern file: multiplication entity (640x480), 'single' and "double quotes". They can be turned off through a [[doku>config:typography|config option]].
274 Some times you want to mark some text to show it's a reply or comment. You can use the following syntax:
277 I think we should do it
281 >> Well, I say we should
290 I think we should do it
294 >> Well, I say we should
304 DokuWiki supports a simple syntax to create tables.
306 ^ Heading 1 ^ Heading 2 ^ Heading 3 ^
307 | Row 1 Col 1 | Row 1 Col 2 | Row 1 Col 3 |
308 | Row 2 Col 1 | some colspan (note the double pipe) ||
309 | Row 3 Col 1 | Row 3 Col 2 | Row 3 Col 3 |
311 Table rows have to start and end with a ''|'' for normal rows or a ''^'' for headers.
313 ^ Heading 1 ^ Heading 2 ^ Heading 3 ^
314 | Row 1 Col 1 | Row 1 Col 2 | Row 1 Col 3 |
315 | Row 2 Col 1 | some colspan (note the double pipe) ||
316 | Row 3 Col 1 | Row 3 Col 2 | Row 3 Col 3 |
318 To connect cells horizontally, just make the next cell completely empty as shown above. Be sure to have always the same amount of cell separators!
320 Vertical tableheaders are possible, too.
322 | ^ Heading 1 ^ Heading 2 ^
323 ^ Heading 3 | Row 1 Col 2 | Row 1 Col 3 |
324 ^ Heading 4 | no colspan this time | |
325 ^ Heading 5 | Row 2 Col 2 | Row 2 Col 3 |
327 As you can see, it's the cell separator before a cell which decides about the formatting:
329 | ^ Heading 1 ^ Heading 2 ^
330 ^ Heading 3 | Row 1 Col 2 | Row 1 Col 3 |
331 ^ Heading 4 | no colspan this time | |
332 ^ Heading 5 | Row 2 Col 2 | Row 2 Col 3 |
334 You can have rowspans (vertically connected cells) by adding ''%%:::%%'' into the cells below the one to which they should connect.
336 ^ Heading 1 ^ Heading 2 ^ Heading 3 ^
337 | Row 1 Col 1 | this cell spans vertically | Row 1 Col 3 |
338 | Row 2 Col 1 | ::: | Row 2 Col 3 |
339 | Row 3 Col 1 | ::: | Row 2 Col 3 |
341 Apart from the rowspan syntax those cells should not contain anything else.
343 ^ Heading 1 ^ Heading 2 ^ Heading 3 ^
344 | Row 1 Col 1 | this cell spans vertically | Row 1 Col 3 |
345 | Row 2 Col 1 | ::: | Row 2 Col 3 |
346 | Row 3 Col 1 | ::: | Row 2 Col 3 |
348 You can align the table contents, too. Just add at least two whitespaces at the opposite end of your text: Add two spaces on the left to align right, two spaces on the right to align left and two spaces at least at both ends for centered text.
350 ^ Table with alignment ^^^
351 | right| center |left |
352 |left | right| center |
353 | xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx |
355 This is how it looks in the source:
357 ^ Table with alignment ^^^
358 | right| center |left |
359 |left | right| center |
360 | xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx | xxxxxxxxxxxx |
362 Note: Vertical alignment is not supported.
364 ===== No Formatting =====
366 If you need to display text exactly like it is typed (without any formatting), enclose the area either with ''%%<nowiki>%%'' tags or even simpler, with double percent signs ''<nowiki>%%</nowiki>''.
369 This is some text which contains addresses like this: http://www.splitbrain.org and **formatting**, but nothing is done with it.
371 The same is true for %%//__this__ text// with a smiley ;-)%%.
374 This is some text which contains addresses like this: http://www.splitbrain.org and **formatting**, but nothing is done with it.
376 The same is true for %%//__this__ text// with a smiley ;-)%%.
378 ===== Code Blocks =====
380 You can include code blocks into your documents by either indenting them by at least two spaces (like used for the previous examples) or by using the tags ''%%<code>%%'' or ''%%<file>%%''.
382 This is text is indented by two spaces.
385 This is preformatted code all spaces are preserved: like <-this
389 This is pretty much the same, but you could use it to show that you quoted a file.
392 Those blocks were created by this source:
394 This is text is indented by two spaces.
397 This is preformatted code all spaces are preserved: like <-this
401 This is pretty much the same, but you could use it to show that you quoted a file.
404 ==== Syntax Highlighting ====
406 [[wiki:DokuWiki]] can highlight sourcecode, which makes it easier to read. It uses the [[http://qbnz.com/highlighter/|GeSHi]] Generic Syntax Highlighter -- so any language supported by GeSHi is supported. The syntax uses the same code and file blocks described in the previous section, but this time the name of the language syntax to be highlighted is included inside the tag, e.g. ''<nowiki><code java></nowiki>'' or ''<nowiki><file java></nowiki>''.
410 * The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that
411 * simply displays "Hello World!" to the standard output.
413 class HelloWorldApp {
414 public static void main(String[] args) {
415 System.out.println("Hello World!"); //Display the string.
420 The following language strings are currently recognized: //4cs 6502acme 6502kickass 6502tasm 68000devpac abap actionscript3 actionscript ada aimms algol68 apache applescript apt_sources arm asm asp asymptote autoconf autohotkey autoit avisynth awk bascomavr bash basic4gl batch bf biblatex bibtex blitzbasic bnf boo caddcl cadlisp ceylon cfdg cfm chaiscript chapel cil c_loadrunner clojure c_mac cmake cobol coffeescript c cpp cpp-qt cpp-winapi csharp css cuesheet c_winapi dart dcl dcpu16 dcs delphi diff div dos dot d ecmascript eiffel email epc e erlang euphoria ezt f1 falcon fo fortran freebasic freeswitch fsharp gambas gdb genero genie gettext glsl gml gnuplot go groovy gwbasic haskell haxe hicest hq9plus html html4strict html5 icon idl ini inno intercal io ispfpanel java5 java javascript jcl j jquery julia kixtart klonec klonecpp kotlin latex lb ldif lisp llvm locobasic logtalk lolcode lotusformulas lotusscript lscript lsl2 lua m68k magiksf make mapbasic mathematica matlab mercury metapost mirc mk-61 mmix modula2 modula3 mpasm mxml mysql nagios netrexx newlisp nginx nimrod nsis oberon2 objc objeck ocaml-brief ocaml octave oobas oorexx oracle11 oracle8 oxygene oz parasail parigp pascal pcre perl6 perl per pf phix php-brief php pic16 pike pixelbender pli plsql postgresql postscript povray powerbuilder powershell proftpd progress prolog properties providex purebasic pycon pys60 python qbasic qml q racket rails rbs rebol reg rexx robots roff rpmspec rsplus ruby rust sas sass scala scheme scilab scl sdlbasic smalltalk smarty spark sparql sql sshconfig standardml stonescript swift systemverilog tclegg tcl teraterm texgraph text thinbasic tsql twig typoscript unicon upc urbi uscript vala vbnet vb vbscript vedit verilog vhdl vim visualfoxpro visualprolog whitespace whois winbatch wolfram xbasic xml xojo xorg_conf xpp yaml z80 zxbasic//
422 There are additional [[doku>syntax_highlighting|advanced options]] available for syntax highlighting, such as highlighting lines or adding line numbers.
424 ==== Downloadable Code Blocks ====
426 When you use the ''%%<code>%%'' or ''%%<file>%%'' syntax as above, you might want to make the shown code available for download as well. You can do this by specifying a file name after language code like this:
429 <file php myexample.php>
430 <?php echo "hello world!"; ?>
434 <file php myexample.php>
435 <?php echo "hello world!"; ?>
438 If you don't want any highlighting but want a downloadable file, specify a dash (''-'') as the language code: ''%%<code - myfile.foo>%%''.
440 ===== RSS/ATOM Feed Aggregation =====
441 [[DokuWiki]] can integrate data from external XML feeds. For parsing the XML feeds, [[http://simplepie.org/|SimplePie]] is used. All formats understood by SimplePie can be used in DokuWiki as well. You can influence the rendering by multiple additional space separated parameters:
443 ^ Parameter ^ Description ^
444 | any number | will be used as maximum number items to show, defaults to 8 |
445 | reverse | display the last items in the feed first |
446 | author | show item authors names |
447 | date | show item dates |
448 | description| show the item description. All HTML tags will be stripped |
449 | nosort | do not sort the items in the feed |
450 | //n//[dhm] | refresh period, where d=days, h=hours, m=minutes. (e.g. 12h = 12 hours). |
452 The refresh period defaults to 4 hours. Any value below 10 minutes will be treated as 10 minutes. [[wiki:DokuWiki]] will generally try to supply a cached version of a page, obviously this is inappropriate when the page contains dynamic external content. The parameter tells [[wiki:DokuWiki]] to re-render the page if it is more than //refresh period// since the page was last rendered.
454 By default the feed will be sorted by date, newest items first. You can sort it by oldest first using the ''reverse'' parameter, or display the feed as is with ''nosort''.
458 {{rss>http://slashdot.org/index.rss 5 author date 1h }}
460 {{rss>http://slashdot.org/index.rss 5 author date 1h }}
463 ===== Control Macros =====
465 Some syntax influences how DokuWiki renders a page without creating any output it self. The following control macros are availble:
467 ^ Macro ^ Description |
468 | %%~~NOTOC~~%% | If this macro is found on the page, no table of contents will be created |
469 | %%~~NOCACHE~~%% | DokuWiki caches all output by default. Sometimes this might not be wanted (eg. when the %%<php>%% syntax above is used), adding this macro will force DokuWiki to rerender a page on every call |
471 ===== Syntax Plugins =====
473 DokuWiki's syntax can be extended by [[doku>plugins|Plugins]]. How the installed plugins are used is described on their appropriate description pages. The following syntax plugins are available in this particular DokuWiki installation:
475 ~~INFO:syntaxplugins~~