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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
4 <head>
5 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
6 <meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.14rc2: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
7 <title>Mathematics</title>
8 <script type="text/javascript" src="/usr/share/javascript/mathjax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML"></script>
9 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../input/data/html4css1.css" type="text/css" />
10 </head>
11 <body>
12 <div class="document" id="mathematics">
13 <h1 class="title">Mathematics</h1>
15 <p>Docutils supports inline math with the prefix or postfix <tt class="docutils literal">:math:</tt>
16 role specificator, <span class="math">\(n! + \sin(x_n^2)\)</span> and <span class="math">\(A_\text{c} =
17 \frac{\pi}{4} d^2\)</span>, as well as displayed math via the
18 <cite>math</cite> directive:</p>
19 <div class="math">
20 \begin{equation*}
21 f(\epsilon) = \frac{1}{1 + \exp\left(\frac{\varepsilon}{k_\text{B}T}\right)}
22 \end{equation*}
23 </div>
24 <p>Content may start on the first line of the directive, e.g.</p>
25 <div class="math">
26 \begin{equation*}
27 N = \frac{\text{number of apples}}{7}
28 \end{equation*}
29 </div>
30 <p>Equations can be labeled with a reference name using the <tt class="docutils literal">:name:</tt> option.
31 See <a class="reference internal" href="#eq-m">eq:M</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#eq-schrodinger">eq:schrödinger</a> below.</p>
32 <p>The determinant of the matrix</p>
33 <div class="math" id="eq-m">
34 \begin{equation*}
35 \mathbf{M} = \left(\begin{matrix}a&amp;b\\c&amp;d\end{matrix}\right)
36 \end{equation*}
37 </div>
38 <p>is <span class="math">\(|\mathbf{M}| = ad - bc\)</span>.</p>
39 <p>More than one display math block can be put in one math directive.
40 For example, the following sum and integral with limits:</p>
41 <div class="math">
42 \begin{equation*}
43 \int_0^1 x^n dx = \frac{1}{n + 1}
44 \end{equation*}
45 </div>
46 <div class="math">
47 \begin{equation*}
48 \sum_{n=1}^m n = \frac{m(m+1)}{2}
49 \end{equation*}
50 </div>
51 <p>LaTeX-supported Unicode math symbols can be used in math roles and
52 directives:</p>
53 <p>The Schrödinger equation</p>
54 <div class="math" id="eq-schrodinger">
55 \begin{equation*}
56 i\hbar \frac{\partial }{\partial t}\Psi = \hat{H}\Psi ,
57 \end{equation*}
58 </div>
59 <p>with the <em>wave function</em> <span class="math">\(\Psi \)</span>, describes how the quantum state of a
60 physical system changes in time.</p>
61 <dl class="docutils">
62 <dt>Math-Accents:</dt>
63 <dd><table border="1" class="colwidths-given borderless first last docutils">
64 <colgroup>
65 <col width="33%" />
66 <col width="33%" />
67 <col width="33%" />
68 </colgroup>
69 <tbody valign="top">
70 <tr><td><span class="math">\(\acute{a}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal">\acute{a}</tt></td>
71 <td><span class="math">\(\dot{t}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal">\dot{t}</tt></td>
72 <td><span class="math">\(\hat{\gamma}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\hat{\gamma}</span></tt></td>
73 </tr>
74 <tr><td><span class="math">\(\grave{a}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal">\grave{a}</tt></td>
75 <td><span class="math">\(\ddot{t}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal">\ddot{t}</tt></td>
76 <td><span class="math">\(\tilde{\alpha}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\tilde{\alpha}</span></tt></td>
77 </tr>
78 <tr><td><span class="math">\(\breve{x}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal">\breve{x}</tt></td>
79 <td><span class="math">\(\dddot{t}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal">\dddot{t}</tt></td>
80 <td><span class="math">\(\vec{\imath}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vec{\imath}</span></tt></td>
81 </tr>
82 <tr><td><span class="math">\(\check{a}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal">\check{a}</tt></td>
83 <td><span class="math">\(\bar{a}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal">\bar{a}</tt></td>
84 <td><span class="math">\(\vec{R}\)</span> <tt class="docutils literal">\vec{R}</tt></td>
85 </tr>
86 </tbody>
87 </table>
88 </dd>
89 </dl>
90 <!-- \widetilde{xxx}
91 \widehat{xxx} -->
92 <p>Modulation Transfer Function:</p>
93 <div class="math">
94 \begin{equation*}
95 \text{MTF} = \left|\frac{\mathcal{F}\{s(x)\}}
96 {\mathcal{F}\{ s(x)\} |_{\omega _{x}=0}}\right|
97 = \mathrm{abs}\left(\frac
98 {\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }s(x) \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\omega _{x}x}\mathrm{d}{x}}
99 {\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }s(x)\mathrm{d}{x}}
100 \right).
101 \end{equation*}
102 </div>
103 <p>Math split over two lines: If a double backslash is detected outside a
104 <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\begin{...}</span> <span class="pre">\end{...}</span></tt> pair, the math code is wrapped in an <a class="reference external" href="ftp://ftp.ams.org/ams/doc/amsmath/short-math-guide.pdf">AMSmath</a>
105 <tt class="docutils literal">align</tt> environment:</p>
106 <div class="math">
107 \begin{align*}
108 s_{\mathrm{out}}(x) &amp; = s_{\mathrm{in}}(x') * s_\delta (x-x') \\
109 &amp; = \int s_{\mathrm{in}}(x')s_\delta (x-x')\mathrm{d}x'
110 \end{align*}
111 </div>
112 <p>Cases (&quot;manually&quot;, with <tt class="docutils literal">matrix</tt> environment):</p>
113 <div class="math">
114 \begin{equation*}
115 \mathrm{sgn}(x) = \left\{\begin{matrix}
116 -1 &amp; x&lt;0\\
117 1 &amp; x&gt;0
118 \end{matrix}\right.
119 \end{equation*}
120 </div>
121 <p>Cases with the <a class="reference external" href="ftp://ftp.ams.org/ams/doc/amsmath/short-math-guide.pdf">AMSmath</a> <tt class="docutils literal">cases</tt> environment (not (yet) supported by
122 HTML writers with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--math-output=MathML</span></tt>):</p>
123 <div class="math">
124 \begin{equation*}
125 \mathrm{sgn}(x) = \begin{cases}
126 -1 &amp; x&lt;0\\
127 1 &amp; x&gt;0
128 \end{cases}
129 \end{equation*}
130 </div>
131 </div>
132 </body>
133 </html>