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1 <glossary id="glossary">
2 <?dbhtml filename="dbgloss.html"??>
3 <glossaryinfo>
4 <pubdate>$Date: 2001-08-02 18:27:50 +0800 (Thu, 02 Aug 2001) $</pubdate>
5 <releaseinfo>$Revision: 546 $</releaseinfo>
6 </glossaryinfo>
7 <title>Glossary</title>
8 <glossentry id="gloss-attribute"><glossterm>attribute</glossterm>
9 <glossdef>
10 <para>
11 <indexterm><primary>attributes</primary></indexterm>
12 <indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
13   <secondary>attributes</secondary></indexterm>
15 Attributes augment the element on which they appear; they also
16 provide additional information about the element.
17 </para>
18 <para>
19 <indexterm><primary>start tags</primary>
20   <secondary>attribute ID, containing</secondary></indexterm>
22 Attributes appear as name-value pairs in the element's start-tag.
23 For example, to assign the value <literal>hostname</literal> to the
24 <sgmltag class="attribute">Role</sgmltag> attribute of <sgmltag>SystemItem</sgmltag>,
25 you would use the mark up:
26 <sgmltag class="starttag">systemitem role="hostname"</sgmltag>.
27 </para>
28 </glossdef>
29 </glossentry>
30 <glossentry id="gloss-callout"><glossterm>callout</glossterm>
31 <glossdef>
32 <para>
33 <indexterm><primary>callouts</primary></indexterm>
34 A pointer, verbal or graphical or both, to a 
35 <emphasis>component</emphasis> of an illustration 
36 or a text object.</para>
37 </glossdef>
38 </glossentry>
39 <glossentry id="gloss-cooked"><glossterm>cooked</glossterm>
40 <glossdef>
41 <para>
42 <indexterm><primary>cooked data</primary></indexterm>
43 <indexterm><primary>appearance</primary>
44   <secondary>cooked data</secondary></indexterm>
46 <quote>Cooked</quote> data, as distinct from <quote>raw,</quote> is a collection
47 of elements and character data that's ready for presentation. The processor
48 is not expected to rearrange, select, or suppress any of the elements, but
49 simply present them as specified.
50 </para>
51 <glossseealso>Raw</glossseealso>
52 </glossdef>
53 </glossentry>
54 <glossentry id="gloss-dtd"><glossterm>document type declaration (&DTD;)</glossterm>
55 <glossdef>
56 <para>
57 <indexterm><primary>document type declaration</primary></indexterm>
58 <indexterm><primary>declarations</primary>
59   <secondary>document type declaration</secondary></indexterm>
61 A set of declarations that defines the names of the elements 
62 and their attributes, and that specifies rules for their combination
63 or sequence.
64 </para>
65 </glossdef>
66 </glossentry>
67 <glossentry id="gloss-dsssl"><glossterm><acronym>DSSSL</acronym></glossterm>
68 <glossdef>
69 <para>
70 <indexterm><primary>DSSSL</primary></indexterm>
71 <indexterm><primary>stylesheets</primary>
72   <secondary>languages</secondary>
73     <tertiary>DSSSL</tertiary></indexterm>
75 Document Style Semantics and Specification Language
76 (<acronym>ISO</acronym>/<acronym>IEC</acronym> 10179:1996). An international standard stylesheet language
77 for &SGML;/&XML; documents.
78 </para>
79 </glossdef>
80 </glossentry>
81 <glossentry id="gloss-element"><glossterm>element</glossterm>
82 <glossdef>
83 <para>
84 <indexterm><primary>elements</primary></indexterm>
85 <indexterm><primary>hierarchical structure</primary>
86   <secondary>elements, defining</secondary></indexterm>
87 <indexterm><primary>empty elements</primary></indexterm>
88 <indexterm><primary>start tags</primary>
89   <secondary>empty element</secondary></indexterm>
91 Elements define the hierarchical structure of a document.
92 Most elements have start and end tags and contain some part of the
93 document content. Empty elements have only a start tag and have no content. 
94 </para>
95 </glossdef>
96 </glossentry>
97 <glossentry id="gloss-entity"><glossterm>entity</glossterm>
98 <glossdef>
99 <para>
100 <indexterm><primary>entities</primary></indexterm>
101 <indexterm><primary>data entities</primary></indexterm>
103 A name assigned (by means of a declaration) to some chunk of 
104 data so it can be referred to by that name; the data can be 
105 of various kinds (a special character or a chapter or a set of
106 declarations in a &DTD;, for instance), and the way in which it is referred 
107 to depends on the type of data and where it is being referenced: 
108 &SGML; has parameter, general, external, internal, and data entities.</para>
109 </glossdef>
110 </glossentry>
111 <glossentry id="gloss-excl"><glossterm>exclusion</glossterm>
112 <glossdef>
113 <para>
114 <indexterm><primary>exclusions</primary></indexterm>
115 <indexterm><primary>DTDs</primary>
116   <secondary>exclusions</secondary></indexterm>
117 <indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
118   <secondary>exclusions</secondary></indexterm>
120 An exclusion is used in a &DTD; to indicate that, within the element on 
121 which the exclusion occurs, the excluded elements are not valid anywhere
122 within the content of the element.
123 </para>
124 <para>
125 <indexterm><primary>Footnote element</primary>
126   <secondary>exclusions</secondary></indexterm>
127 <indexterm><primary>nesting</primary>
128   <secondary>footnotes</secondary></indexterm>
130 For example, in DocBook, <sgmltag>Footnote</sgmltag> excludes <sgmltag>Footnote</sgmltag>.
131 This means that footnotes cannot nest, even though <sgmltag>Footnote</sgmltag>
132 contains <sgmltag>Para</sgmltag>, and <sgmltag>Footnote</sgmltag> occurs in the proper
133 content model of <sgmltag>Para</sgmltag>.
134 </para>
135 <para>
136 See <xref linkend="s-ms"/>.</para>
137 </glossdef>
138 </glossentry>
139 <glossentry id="gloss-extentity"><glossterm>external entity</glossterm>
140 <glossdef>
141 <para>
142 <indexterm><primary>external general entities</primary></indexterm>
143 <indexterm><primary>general entities</primary>
144   <secondary>external</secondary></indexterm>
145 <indexterm><primary>references</primary>
146   <secondary>external documents</secondary></indexterm>
147 <indexterm><primary>documents</primary>
148   <secondary>external, references to</secondary></indexterm>
150 An external entity is a general entity that refers to another
151 document. External entities are often used to incorporate 
152 parsable text documents, like legal notices or chapters, into larger
153 units, like chapters or books.</para>
154 </glossdef>
155 </glossentry>
156 <glossentry id="gloss-extsub"><glossterm>external subset</glossterm>
157 <glossdef>
158 <para>
159 <indexterm><primary>external subset</primary></indexterm>
160 <indexterm><primary>document type declaration</primary>
161   <secondary>external subset</secondary></indexterm>
162 <indexterm><primary>public identifiers</primary>
163   <secondary>external subset</secondary></indexterm>
164 <indexterm><primary>system identifiers</primary>
165   <secondary>external subset</secondary></indexterm>
166 <indexterm><primary>declarations</primary>
167   <secondary>document type declaration</secondary></indexterm>
170 Element, attribute, and other declarations that compose
171 (part of) a document type definition that are stored in an
172 external entity, and referenced from a document's document type
173 declaration using a public or system identifier.</para>
174 </glossdef>
175 </glossentry>
176 <glossentry id="gloss-float"><glossterm>float</glossterm>
177 <glossdef>
178 <para>
179 <indexterm><primary>float</primary></indexterm>
180 <indexterm><primary>text</primary>
181   <secondary>float</secondary></indexterm>
183 Text objects like sidebars, figures, tables, and graphics are said
184 to float when their actual place in the document is not fixed. For presentation
185 on a printed page, for instance, a graphic may float to the top of the next page if it
186 is too tall to fit on the page in which it actually falls, in the sequence of words and the sequence of
187 other like objects in a document.</para>
188 </glossdef>
189 </glossentry>
190 <glossentry id="gloss-fpi"><glossterm>formal public identifier</glossterm>
191 <glossdef>
192 <para>
193 <indexterm><primary>FPI</primary></indexterm>
194 <indexterm><primary>public identifiers</primary>
195   <secondary>formal</secondary></indexterm>
196 A public identifier that conforms to the specification of formal
197 public identifers in <acronym>ISO</acronym> 8879.</para>
198 </glossdef>
199 </glossentry>
200 <glossentry id="gloss-fosi"><glossterm><acronym>FOSI</acronym></glossterm>
201 <glossdef>
202 <para>
204 <indexterm><primary>FOSI stylesheets</primary></indexterm>
206 Formatting Output Specification Instance, an &SGML; document that 
207 specifies the appearance or presentation of another &SGML; document in 
208 accordance 
209 with the Output Specification &DTD; defined by <acronym>MIL-STD-28001C</acronym>.</para>
210 </glossdef>
211 </glossentry>
212 <glossentry id="gloss-gentity"><glossterm>general entity</glossterm>
213 <glossdef>
214 <para>
215 <indexterm><primary>general entities</primary></indexterm>
216 <indexterm><primary>entities</primary>
217   <secondary>general</secondary></indexterm>
218 <indexterm><primary>special characters, encoding as entities</primary></indexterm>
219 <indexterm><primary>internal general entities</primary></indexterm>
221 An entity referenced by a name that starts with an 
222 ampersand (&amp;) and ends with a semicolon. Most of the
223 time general entities are used in &SGML; documents, not in the &DTD;. 
224 There are two types, external and internal entities, and they 
225 refer either to special characters or to text objects 
226 like commonly repeated phrases or names or chapters.</para>
227 </glossdef>
228 </glossentry>
229 <glossentry id="gloss-gi"><glossterm><acronym>GI</acronym></glossterm>
230 <glossdef>
231 <para>
232 <indexterm><primary>generic identifiers (GI)</primary></indexterm>
233 <indexterm><primary>GI (generic identifiers)</primary></indexterm>
234 <indexterm><primary>identifiers, generic</primary></indexterm>
235 <indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
236   <secondary>generic identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
237 <indexterm><primary>names</primary>
238   <secondary>elements (generic identifiers)</secondary></indexterm>
240 Generic identifier, proper term for the actual name of an element;
241 <literal>Para</literal> is the generic identifier of the <sgmltag
242 class="element">para</sgmltag> element.</para>
243 </glossdef>
244 </glossentry>
245 <glossentry id="gloss-incl"><glossterm>inclusion</glossterm>
246 <glossdef>
247 <para>
248 <indexterm><primary>inclusions</primary></indexterm>
249 <indexterm><primary>DTDs</primary>
250   <secondary>inclusions</secondary></indexterm>
251 <indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
252   <secondary>inclusions</secondary></indexterm>
253 <indexterm><primary>nesting</primary>
254   <secondary>elements</secondary></indexterm>
256 An inclusion is used in a &DTD; to indicate that, within the element on 
257 which the inclusion occurs, the included elements are valid anywhere
258 within the content of the element.
259 </para>
260 <para>
261 For example, in DocBook, <sgmltag>Chapter</sgmltag> includes <sgmltag>IndexTerm</sgmltag>.
262 This means that <sgmltag>IndexTerm</sgmltag>s can occur anywhere inside chapters,
263 even inside elements that do not have <sgmltag>IndexTerm</sgmltag>s in their
264 proper content models.
265 </para>
266 <para>
267 See <xref linkend="s-ms"/>.
268 </para>
269 </glossdef>
270 </glossentry>
271 <glossentry id="gloss-intentity"><glossterm>internal entity</glossterm>
272 <glossdef>
273 <para>
274 <indexterm><primary>internal general entities</primary></indexterm>
275 <indexterm><primary>general entities</primary>
276   <secondary>internal</secondary></indexterm>
277 <indexterm><primary>entities</primary>
278   <secondary>general</secondary></indexterm>
280 A general entity that references a piece of text (including
281 its markup and even other internal entities), usually as a
282 keyboard shortcut.</para>
283 </glossdef>
284 </glossentry>
285 <glossentry id="gloss-intsub"><glossterm>internal subset</glossterm>
286 <glossdef>
287 <para>
288 <indexterm><primary>internal subset</primary></indexterm>
289 <indexterm><primary>document type declaration</primary>
290   <secondary>internal subset</secondary></indexterm>
291 <indexterm><primary>declarations</primary>
292   <secondary>document type declaration</secondary></indexterm>
294 Element, attribute, and other declarations that compose
295 (part of) a document type definition that are stored in a document,
296 within the document type declaration.
297 </para>
298 </glossdef>
299 </glossentry>
300 <glossentry id="gloss-metainfo"><glossterm>meta-information</glossterm>
301 <glossdef>
302 <para>
303 <indexterm><primary>meta-information</primary></indexterm>
304 <indexterm><primary>documents</primary>
305   <secondary>meta-information</secondary></indexterm>
307 Meta-information is information about a document, such as the 
308 specification of its author or its date of composition, as opposed 
309 to the content of a document itself.</para>
310 </glossdef>
311 </glossentry>
312 <glossentry id="gloss-pentity"><glossterm>parameter entity</glossterm>
313 <glossdef>
314 <para>
315 <indexterm><primary>parameter entities</primary></indexterm>
316 <indexterm><primary>DocBook DTD</primary>
317   <secondary>customizing</secondary>
318     <tertiary>parameter entities</tertiary></indexterm>
319 <indexterm><primary>customization (DocBook DTD)</primary>
320   <secondary>parameter entities, using</secondary></indexterm>
321 <indexterm><primary>marked sections</primary>
322   <secondary>parameter entities, controlling</secondary></indexterm>
324 An entity usually referenced in the &DTD; by a name that 
325 starts with a percent sign (%) and ends with a semicolon. 
326 In DocBook, parameter entities are mainly used to facilitate 
327 customization of the &DTD;, but they can also be used to control
328 marked sections of a document.</para>
329 </glossdef>
330 </glossentry>
331 <glossentry id="gloss-pi"><glossterm>processing instruction</glossterm>
332 <glossdef>
333 <para>
334 <indexterm><primary>processing instructions</primary></indexterm>
336 An essentially arbitrary string preceded by a question mark and
337 delimited by angle brackets that is intended to convey
338 information to an application that processes an &SGML; instance.
339 For example, the processing instruction <literal>&lt;?linebreak&gt;</literal>
340 might cause the formatter to introduce a line break at the position where
341 the processing instruction occurs.
342 </para>
343 <para>
344 <indexterm><primary>XML</primary>
345   <secondary>processing instructions</secondary></indexterm>
346 <indexterm><primary>PI</primary><see>processing instructions</see></indexterm>
348 In &XML; documents, processing instructions should have the form:
349 <screen>
350 &lt;?<replaceable>pitarget</replaceable> param1="value1" param2="value2"?&gt;
351 </screen>
352 </para>
353 <para>
354 The <replaceable>pitarget</replaceable> should be a name that the processing application
355 will recognize. Additional information in the <acronym>PI</acronym> should be added using
356 <quote>attribute syntax.</quote>
357 </para>
358 </glossdef>
359 </glossentry>
360 <glossentry id="gloss-pubid"><glossterm>public identifier</glossterm>
361 <glossdef>
362 <para>
363 <indexterm><primary>public identifiers</primary></indexterm>
364 <indexterm><primary>external general entities</primary>
365   <secondary>public identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
366 <indexterm><primary>SGML</primary>
367   <secondary>public identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
368 <indexterm><primary>XML</primary>
369   <secondary>public identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
370 <indexterm><primary>DTDs</primary>
371   <secondary>public identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
373 An abstract identifier for an &SGML; or &XML; document, &DTD;, or 
374 external entity.</para>
375 </glossdef>
376 </glossentry>
377 <glossentry id="gloss-raw"><glossterm>raw</glossterm>
378 <glossdef>
379 <para>
380 <indexterm><primary>raw data</primary></indexterm>
381 <indexterm><primary>appearance</primary>
382   <secondary>raw data</secondary></indexterm>
383 <indexterm><primary>raw data</primary><seealso>cooked data</seealso></indexterm>
384 <indexterm><primary>cooked data</primary><seealso>raw data</seealso></indexterm>
386 <quote>Raw</quote> data is just a collection of elements, with no additional
387 punctation or information about presentation. To continue the cooking
388 metaphor, raw data is just a set of ingredients. It's up to the processor
389 to select appropriate elements, arrange them for display, and add
390 required presentational information.
391 </para>
392 <glossseealso>Cooked</glossseealso>
393 </glossdef>
394 </glossentry>
395 <glossentry id="gloss-sgml"><glossterm>&SGML;</glossterm>
396 <glossdef>
397 <para>
398 <indexterm><primary>SGML</primary></indexterm>
399 <indexterm><primary>ISO standards</primary>
400   <secondary>SGML</secondary></indexterm>
402 Standard Generalized Markup Language, an international standard (<acronym>ISO</acronym> 8879) that specifies 
403 the rules for the creation of platform-independent markup languages for electronic texts.
404 </para>
405 </glossdef>
406 </glossentry>
407 <glossentry id="gloss-stylesheet"><glossterm>stylesheet</glossterm>
408 <glossdef>
409 <para>
410 <indexterm><primary>stylesheets</primary></indexterm>
411 <indexterm><primary>appearance</primary>
412   <secondary>stylesheets</secondary></indexterm>
414 A file that specifies the presentation or appearance of a document;
415 there are several standards for such stylesheets, including
416 <acronym>CSS</acronym>, <acronym>FOSI</acronym>s, <acronym>DSSSL</acronym>, and, most recently, <acronym>XSL</acronym>. Vendors often have proprietary
417 stylesheet formats as well.
418 </para>
419 </glossdef>
420 </glossentry>
421 <glossentry id="gloss-sysid"><glossterm>system identifier</glossterm>
422 <glossdef>
423 <para>
424 <indexterm><primary>system identifiers</primary>
425   <secondary>SGML</secondary></indexterm>
426 <indexterm><primary>SGML</primary>
427   <secondary>system identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
429 In &SGML;, a local, system-dependent identifier for a document,
430 &DTD;, or external entity. Usually a filename on the local system.</para>
431 <para>
432 <indexterm><primary>system identifiers</primary>
433   <secondary>XML</secondary></indexterm>
434 <indexterm><primary>URI</primary>
435   <secondary>XML system identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
436 <indexterm><primary>XML</primary>
437   <secondary>system identifiers</secondary></indexterm>
439 In &XML;, a system identifer is required to be a <acronym>URI</acronym>.
440 </para>
441 </glossdef>
442 </glossentry>
443 <glossentry id="gloss-tag"><glossterm>tag</glossterm>
444 <glossdef>
445 <para>
446 <indexterm><primary>tags</primary></indexterm>
447 <indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
448   <secondary>tags</secondary></indexterm>
449 <indexterm><primary>angle brackets</primary>
450   <secondary>SGML tags</secondary></indexterm>
451 <indexterm><primary>SGML</primary>
452   <secondary>tags</secondary></indexterm>
454 An &SGML; element name enclosed in angle brackets
455 (&lt;&gt;), used to mark up the semantics or structure of a
456 document. <sgmltag class="starttag">Para</sgmltag> is a tag in DocBook
457 used to mark the beginning of a paragraph.</para>
458 </glossdef>
459 </glossentry>
460 <glossentry id="gloss-uri"><glossterm><acronym>URI</acronym></glossterm>
461 <glossdef>
462 <para>
463 <indexterm><primary>URI</primary></indexterm>
464 <indexterm><primary>Internet names and addresses</primary></indexterm>
465 <indexterm><primary>addresses, Internet syntax</primary></indexterm>
466 <indexterm><primary>names</primary>
467   <secondary>Internet, syntax</secondary></indexterm>
469 Uniform Resource Identifier, the <acronym>W3C</acronym>'s codification of the name and 
470 address syntax of present and future objects on the Internet. In its most basic 
471 form, a <acronym>URI</acronym> consists of a scheme name (such as file, http, ftp, news, mailto, 
472 gopher) followed by a colon, followed by a path whose nature is determined 
473 by the scheme that precedes it (see <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1630). 
474 </para>
475 <para>
476 <indexterm><primary>URN</primary></indexterm>
477 <indexterm><primary>URL</primary></indexterm>
479 <acronym>URI</acronym> is the umbrella term for <acronym>URN</acronym>s, <acronym>URL</acronym>s, and all other Uniform Resource
480 Identifiers.
481 </para>
482 </glossdef>
483 </glossentry>
484 <glossentry id="gloss-url"><glossterm><acronym>URL</acronym></glossterm>
485 <glossdef>
486 <para>Uniform Resource Locator, a name and address for an existing object
487 accessible over the Internet. <literal>http://www.docbook.org</literal>
488 is an example of a <acronym>URL</acronym> (see <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1738).</para>
489 </glossdef>
490 </glossentry>
491 <glossentry id="gloss-urn"><glossterm><acronym>URN</acronym></glossterm>
492 <glossdef>
493 <para>Uniform Resource Name, the result of an evolving attempt to
494 define a name and address syntax for <emphasis>persistent</emphasis>
495 objects accessible over the Internet; <literal>urn:foo:a123,456</literal>
496 is a legal <acronym>URN</acronym> consisting of three colon-separated fields: 
497 <literal>urn</literal> 
498 followed by a namespace identifier, followed by a namespace specifier
499 (see <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1737 and <acronym>RFC</acronym> 2141 for details).</para>
500 </glossdef>
501 </glossentry>
502 <glossentry id="gloss-w3c"><glossterm><acronym>W3C</acronym></glossterm>
503 <glossdef>
504 <para>
505 <indexterm><primary>W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)</primary></indexterm>
506 <indexterm><primary>World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)</primary></indexterm>
508 The World Wide Web Consortium (<ulink url="http://www.w3.org/">http://www.w3.org/</ulink>).</para>
509 </glossdef>
510 </glossentry>
511 <glossentry id="gloss-wrapper"><glossterm>wrapper</glossterm>
512 <glossdef>
513 <para>
514 <indexterm><primary>wrappers</primary></indexterm>
515 <indexterm><primary>meta-information</primary>
516   <secondary>wrappers</secondary></indexterm>
517 <indexterm><primary>elements</primary>
518   <secondary>wrappers</secondary></indexterm>
520 Some elements, such as <sgmltag>Chapter</sgmltag>, have important semantic
521 significance.  Other elements serve no obvious purpose except to contain
522 a number of other elements. For example, <sgmltag>BookInfo</sgmltag> has no
523 important semantics; it merely serves as a container for the meta-information
524 about a book.  Elements that are just containers are sometimes called
525 <quote>wrappers.</quote> 
526 </para>
527 </glossdef>
528 </glossentry>
529 <glossentry id="gloss-xml"><glossterm>&XML;</glossterm>
530 <glossdef>
531 <para>
532 <indexterm><primary>XML</primary></indexterm>
533 <indexterm><primary>SGML</primary>
534   <secondary>XML and</secondary></indexterm>
535 <indexterm><primary>Extensible Markup Language</primary><see>XML</see></indexterm>
537 The <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">Extensible Markup Language</ulink>, a subset of &SGML; 
538 designed specifically for use over the Web.</para>
539 </glossdef>
540 </glossentry>
541 <glossentry id="gloss-xsl"><glossterm><acronym>XSL</acronym></glossterm>
542 <glossdef>
543 <para>
544 <indexterm><primary>XSL</primary></indexterm>
545 <indexterm><primary>XML</primary>
546   <secondary>XSL stylesheets</secondary></indexterm>
547 &XML; Style Language, an evolving language for stylesheets 
548 to be attached to &XML; documents. The stylesheet is itself an &XML;
549 document.</para>
550 </glossdef>
551 </glossentry>
552 </glossary>