3 .\" Copyright (c) 1993 Winning Strategies, Inc.
4 .\" All rights reserved.
6 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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13 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
15 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
16 .\" This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc.
17 .\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
18 .\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission
20 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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31 .\" $FreeBSD: src/bin/expr/expr.1,v 1.9.2.4 2003/05/16 22:55:19 keramida Exp $
32 .\" $DragonFly: src/bin/expr/expr.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:22:50 dillon Exp $
39 .Nd evaluate expression
48 and writes the result on standard output.
50 All operators and operands must be passed as separate arguments.
51 Several of the operators have special meaning to command interpreters
52 and must therefore be quoted appropriately.
53 All integer operands are interpreted in base 10.
55 Arithmetic operations are performed using signed integer math.
57 Operators are listed below in order of increasing precedence; all
59 Operators with equal precedence are grouped within { } symbols.
60 .Bl -tag -width indent
61 .It Ar expr1 Li | Ar expr2
62 Return the evaluation of
64 if it is neither an empty string nor zero;
65 otherwise, returns the evaluation of
67 .It Ar expr1 Li & Ar expr2
68 Return the evaluation of
70 if neither expression evaluates to an empty string or zero;
71 otherwise, returns zero.
72 .It Ar expr1 Li "{=, >, >=, <, <=, !=}" Ar expr2
73 Return the results of integer comparison if both arguments are integers;
74 otherwise, returns the results of string comparison using the locale-specific
76 The result of each comparison is 1 if the specified relation is true,
77 or 0 if the relation is false.
78 .It Ar expr1 Li "{+, -}" Ar expr2
79 Return the results of addition or subtraction of integer-valued arguments.
80 .It Ar expr1 Li "{*, /, %}" Ar expr2
81 Return the results of multiplication, integer division, or remainder of integer-valued arguments.
82 .It Ar expr1 Li : Ar expr2
89 which must be a regular expression. The regular expression is anchored
90 to the beginning of the string with an implicit
93 If the match succeeds and the pattern contains at least one regular
94 expression subexpression
96 the string corresponding to
99 otherwise the matching operator returns the number of characters matched.
100 If the match fails and the pattern contains a regular expression subexpression
101 the null string is returned;
105 Parentheses are used for grouping in the usual manner.
109 The following example adds one to the variable a.
112 The following example returns the filename portion of a pathname stored
113 in variable a. The // characters act to eliminate ambiguity with the
115 .Dl expr "//$a" Li : '.*/\e(.*\e)'
117 The following example returns the number of characters in variable a.
118 .Dl expr $a Li : '.*'
123 utility exits with one of the following values:
124 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
126 the expression is neither an empty string nor 0.
128 the expression is an empty string or 0.
130 the expression is invalid.