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1 01436 Lojban gismu list 9/26/94 01436 Draft dictionary rebaseline posted for review; Logflash format compatible Note: Metaphor usage risks cultural neutrality; physical attributes are safest. Use place structures. rafsi list baselined as of this date. Note: a complete set can be partially specified with etcetera (ce zo'e)\r
2 bacru ba'u utter x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 1h 386 [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]; (cf. krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, pinka)\r
3 badna banana x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2 aj 2 (cf. grute)\r
4 badri dri sad x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) 3c 91 (cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri)\r
5 bajra baj run x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4 2b 0 (cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare)\r
6 bakfu baf bundle 'pack' x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 9b 3 (cf. daski, dakli, tanxe)\r
7 bakni bak bovine 'ox' x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 ai 8 (cf. danlu)\r
8 bakri chalk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3 ah 2 (cf. pinsi, blabi, jilka)\r
9 baktu bucket x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 ao 0 (cf. botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka)\r
10 balji bulb 'bulge' x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] aj 1 (cf. punli, batke)\r
11 balni balcony x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 a 0 (cf. kajna)\r
12 balre ba'e blade x1 is a blade of tool/weapon x2 a 3 (cf. dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna)\r
13 balvi bav future 'later' x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former 4a 56 [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi); (default x2 is the space time reference, whereupon:) x1 will occur]; (cf. lidne, cabna, purci, farna)\r
14 bancu bac beyond x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) 7j 7 [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]; (cf. dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe)\r
15 bandu bad defend x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) 8g 9 [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)]; (cf. ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji)\r
16 banfi amphibian x1 is an amphibian of species/breed x2 ai 4 (cf. danlu, respa)\r
17 bangu ban bau language x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) 1b 162 [also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka)\r
18 banli bal ba'i great 'grand' x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 7j 96 [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci)\r
19 banro ba'o grow x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 8f 26 [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti)\r
20 banxa bax bank x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) ap 0 (cf. sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni)\r
21 banzu baz suffice x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 3m 89 (cf. dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi)\r
22 bapli bap bai force 'compel' x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest as 20 [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]; (cf. fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu)\r
23 barda bra big 'large' x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 1e 318 (cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto)\r
24 bargu bag arch x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 9b 9 [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]; (cf. cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi)\r
25 barja bar x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 ap 0 (cf. gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe)\r
26 barna ba'a mark x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 a 0 [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina)\r
27 bartu bar out x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2 1e 82 (cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru)\r
28 basna emphasize 'accent' x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 1h 16 [also: say forcefully] (cf. pandi)\r
29 basti bas replace 'substitute' x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute 3m 35 [also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba'i, binra)\r
30 batci bat bite x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 5c 83 [bite through (= ka'arbatci, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)]; (cf. denci, jgalu, guska, citka)\r
31 batke button x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 a 2 (cf. jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna)\r
32 bavmi barley x1 is a quantity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)\r
33 baxso Malay-Indonesian 'Bahasa' x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. meljo, bindo)\r
34 bebna beb foolish 'boob' x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob 5g 69 (cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba)\r
35 bemro bem be'o North American x1 reflects North American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 6 (cf. merko, kadno, xispo, mexno)\r
36 bende bed be'e crew 'band' x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 ap 1 (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra (= zgibe'e, balzgibe'e), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]; (cf. gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva)\r
37 bengo beg Bengali x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xindo)\r
38 benji bej be'i transfer 'send' x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 4i 79 [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana)\r
39 bersa bes be'a son x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] 4b 29 [also filial]; (cf. verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu)\r
40 berti ber north x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 91 (cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna)\r
41 besna ben brain x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] aa 17 [also cerebral]; (cf. menli, stedu, rango, pensi)\r
42 betfu bef be'u abdomen 'belly' x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] 1c 9 [also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)]; (cf. cutne, livga, canti)\r
43 betri bet tragedy 'tragic' x1 is a tragedy/disaster/tragic for x2 4c 53 (cf. badri, xlali, morsi, binra)\r
44 bevri bev bei carry 'bear' x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] 2b 149 [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu, benji, klama)\r
45 bi biv 8 digit/number: 8 (digit) 3a 0\r
46 bi'i biz unordered interval non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ... (rafsi represents any interval) at 0\r
47 bidju bead x1 is a bead/pebble [shape/form] of material x2 9b 19 (cf. bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo)\r
48 bifce bic bee x1 is a bee/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. cinki, sfani, lakse)\r
49 bikla bik whip 'beat, lash' x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] ao 24 (cf. skori, darxi)\r
50 bilga big obliged x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 8c 34 [also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme)\r
51 bilma bi'a ill x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3 4c 22 (cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra)\r
52 bilni bil military x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 a 0 [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)]; (cf. jenmi for a military force, sonci, ganzu, pulji)\r
53 bindo bid Indonesian x1 reflects Indonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. bindo, meljo, baxso)\r
54 binra insure x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) a 0 [also x3 loss; sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or binryvelve'u)]; (cf. bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma)\r
55 binxo bix bi'o become x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 2c 217 [resultative, not-necessarily causal, change]; (cf. cenba for non-resultative, galfi for causal, stika for non-resultative, non-causal change; zasni)\r
56 birje beer x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2 2j 13 (cf. pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra)\r
57 birka bir arm x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] 1c 57 [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla)\r
58 birti bit certain x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true 3l 31 (cf. jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma)\r
59 bisli bis ice x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2 5b 43 [composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition]; (cf. kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi)\r
60 bitmu bim bi'u wall x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 1h 152 (cf. jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme)\r
61 blabi lab white x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] 1a 107 [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]; (cf. skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)\r
62 blaci glass x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2 6b 5 (cf. kabri)\r
63 blanu bla blue x1 is blue [color adjective] 1a 132 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna)\r
64 bliku bli block x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 9b 8 [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli); (cf. tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi)\r
65 bloti lot blo lo'i boat x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 7f 33 (cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu)\r
66 bo bor short scope link short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping 8a 0\r
67 bolci bol boi ball x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] 9b 36 [also round]; (cf. bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro)\r
68 bongu bog bo'u bone x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] aa 3 [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le <body-part>); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bogygreku)]; (cf. greku, denci, jirna, sarji)\r
69 botpi bot bo'i bottle x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 1f 79 (cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri)\r
70 boxfo bof bo'o sheet 'foil' x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 9b 0 (cf. plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci)\r
71 boxna bon bo'a wave x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 9b 14 (cf. slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre)\r
72 bradi enemy 'adversary' x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3 2i 8 (cf. damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga)\r
73 bratu hail x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 4h 0 [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi]; (cf. carvi, snime, bisli, tcima)\r
74 brazo raz Brazilian x1 reflects Brazilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. porto, ketco)\r
75 bredi red bre ready x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event) 9c 36 (cf. spaji, jukpa)\r
76 bridi bri predicate x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 1b1172 [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified); (cf. sumti, fancu)\r
77 brife bif bi'e breeze x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 4h 66 (cf. tcima)\r
78 briju bij office 'bureau' x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3 8c 54 (cf. jibri, gunka)\r
79 brito rit British x1 reflects British/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 54 (cf. glico, skoto, merko, ropno)\r
80 broda rod predicate var 1 1st assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 134 (cf. cmavo list bu'a)\r
81 brode bo'e predicate var 2 2nd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 24 \r
82 brodi predicate var 3 3rd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 10 \r
83 brodo predicate var 4 4th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 5 \r
84 brodu predicate var 5 5th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 5 \r
85 bruna bun bu'a brother x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biological] 4b 110 (cf. mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa)\r
86 bu bus bu'i word to lerfu convert any single word to BY - (cf. cmavo list selma'o BY)\r
87 bu'a bul some selbri 1 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 1 aq 0 (cf. broda, etc.)\r
88 budjo buj bu'o Buddhist x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2 ac 2 (cf. latna, lijda)\r
89 bukpu buk bu'u cloth x1 is an amount of cloth/fabric of type/material x2 3f 20 (cf. mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka)\r
90 bumru bum fog x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2 4h 5 (cf. djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci)\r
91 bunda bud pound x1 is x2 (def. 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 al 0 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu)\r
92 bunre bur bu'e brown x1 is brown/tan [color adjective] 1a 63 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)\r
93 burcu bru brush x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3 ao 1 (cf. komcu, pinsi)\r
94 burna embarrassed x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) 9d 4 (cf. cinmo)\r
95 ca'a caz actually is modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event at 0 (cf. cabna, cmavo list ca)\r
96 cabna cab now x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time 4a 69 [(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca'a)\r
97 cabra ca'a apparatus x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) 7g 5 [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. tutci, minji, finti; girzu, ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno)\r
98 cacra hour x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3 3e 21 (cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)\r
99 cadzu dzu walk x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 1g 174 (cf. stapa, bajra, klama, litru)\r
100 cafne caf often x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2 6f 11 (cf. rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo list piso'iroi and similar compounds)\r
101 cakla chocolate x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa 2j 8 (cf. ckafi)\r
102 calku cak shell x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 9f 24 (cf. pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu)\r
103 canci vanish x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 a 22 [also leaves, goes away (one sense)]; (cf. cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu)\r
104 cando cad idle x1 is idle/at rest/inactive 8c 4 ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this]; (cf. surla)\r
105 cange cag farm 'grange, agrarian' x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian ap 10 [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju)\r
106 canja caj exchange x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman 8d 12 [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (possibly service), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posycanja for unambiguous semantics); (cf. dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle)\r
107 canko ca'o window x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2 1f 153 (cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe)\r
108 canlu cal ca'u space 'volume' x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 al 18 [also occupy (= selca'u)] (cf. kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu)\r
109 canpa cna shovel x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2 ao 6 (cf. kakpa, guska, tutci)\r
110 canre can sand x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 5 [also abrasive (= gukcanre)]; (cf. bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna)\r
111 canti gut 'entrails' x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2 aa 5 [metaphor: process hub]; (cf. betfu)\r
112 carce cart x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 ao 3 (cf. karce, xislu, marce, matra)\r
113 carmi cam cai intense x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 1a 143 [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)\r
114 carna car turn x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 1g 48 [also revolve (= jincarna)]; (cf. gunro, jendu)\r
115 cartu cat chart x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 5d 7 (cf. platu)\r
116 carvi cav rain x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] 4h 107 (cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru)\r
117 casnu snu discuss x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 1h 107 [also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla)\r
118 catke ca'e shove x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 8h 9 [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)]; (cf. danre for non-agentive force, lacpu)\r
119 catlu cta look x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 1g 259 [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska)\r
120 catni ca'i authority x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 8c 6 (cf. turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list ca'i, jaspu, pulji)\r
121 catra kill 'slaughter' x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3 8g 82 (cf. morsi, xarci)\r
122 caxno cax shallow x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 6c 10 (cf. condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa)\r
123 ce cec in a set with non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set at 0 (cf. cmima, cmavo list ce'o)\r
124 ce'i cez percent digit/number: % percentage symbol, hundredths 7e 0 (cf. saclu, centi, parbi, frinu)\r
125 ce'o ce'o in a sequence with non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence at 0 (cf. porsi, cmavo list ce)\r
126 cecla cel ce'a launcher x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] a 4 [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]; (cf. renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja)\r
127 cecmu cem ce'u community x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2 7c 33 (cf. bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu)\r
128 cedra era x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) a 9 (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a); (cf. ranji, temci, citsi)\r
129 cenba cne vary x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4 2c 38 [non-resultative, not-necessarily causal change]; (cf. cenba which is non-resultative, galfi which is resultative and causal, stika which is non-resultative and causal; stodi, zasni, binxo)\r
130 censa ces holy 'sacred' x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2 ac 58 (cf. cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma)\r
131 centi cen .01 metric 'centi' x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 3 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
132 cerda ced heir x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 a 13 [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= posycerda, posyselcerda for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jgina)\r
133 cerni cer morning x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3 3e 35 [this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)](cf. vanci, murse, tcika)\r
134 certu cre expert x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 8c 63 [also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne)\r
135 cevni cev cei god 'divinity' x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine ac 197 [also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious community as a mass]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi)\r
136 cfari cfa initiate x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) 2c 104 (cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo)\r
137 cfika fik fi'a fiction x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 8b 2 [also story, lie, untrue]; (cf. cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri)\r
138 cfila cfi flaw x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3 7j 19 (cf. cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane)\r
139 cfine wedge x1 is a wedge [shape/form/tool] of material x2 9b 2 (cf. tutci)\r
140 cfipu fi'u confusing x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) 1h 64 (cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti)\r
141 ci cib 3 digit/number: 3 (digit) 3a 0\r
142 ciblu blu blood x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2 4c 39 (cf. risna, flecu)\r
143 cicna cyan x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective] 1a 2 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu)\r
144 cidja dja food 'feed' x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2 5b 78 (cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina)\r
145 cidni cid knee x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 1c 8 [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. korcu, jarco, jganu)\r
146 cidro dro hydrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable] ag 1 (cf. gapci, xukmi)\r
147 cifnu cif infant x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 3b 22 [also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba)\r
148 cigla cig gland x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1 aa 8 [secretion (= selcigla)]; (cf. vikmi, xasne)\r
149 cikna cik awake (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious 6m 47 (cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi)\r
150 cikre repair 'fix' x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3 8c 13 [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu)\r
151 ciksi cki explain x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) 1h 53 [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla)\r
152 cilce cic wild (adjective:) x1 is wild/untamed 6c 30 [tame (= tolcilce)]; (cf. pinfu, panpi, tarti)\r
153 cilmo cim moist x1 is moist/wet/damp with liquid x2 6f 53 (cf. litki, lunsa, sudga)\r
154 cilre cli learn x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process) 1h 85 (cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule)\r
155 cilta cil thread 'filament' x1 is a thread/filament/wire [shape/form] of material x2 9b 8 (cf. fenso, nivji, skori, silka)\r
156 cimde dimension x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3 al 0 (cf. morna, ckilu, merli, manri)\r
157 cimni infinite x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3 al 17 [also everlasting, eternity, (= cimnytei), eternal (= cimnyteikai or temcimni)] (cf. vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti)\r
158 cinba kiss 'buss' x1 (agent) kisses/busses x2 at locus x3 5g 17 (cf. ctebi)\r
159 cindu oak x1 is an oak, a type of tree of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. tricu)\r
160 cinfo lion x1 is a lion/[lioness] of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. mlatu)\r
161 cinje cij wrinkle x1 is a wrinkle/crease/fold [shape/form] in x2 9b 5 (cf. korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna)\r
162 cinki insect x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle] 6c 17 (cf. civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce)\r
163 cinla thin 'lean' x1 is thin in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension] 6f 7 (cf. rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki)\r
164 cinmo cni emotion x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3 9d 91 [also mood/humor (= nuncni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci'o, cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki)\r
165 cinri ci'i interesting 'interests' x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1 8b 62 [use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= selci'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji)\r
166 cinse cin sexual x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 5g 48 [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfriti, cinjikca)]; (cf. gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi)\r
167 cinta paint x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 a 6 (cf. pixra, skari)\r
168 cinza tongs x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 ao 6 (cf. tutci)\r
169 cipni cpi bird x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2 6c 119 (cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu)\r
170 cipra cip test 'proof' x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/mass) 7e 48 [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)]; (cf. ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske)\r
171 cirko cri lose x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 8g 39 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, posyselcri for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri)\r
172 cirla cheese x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2 5b 20 (cf. ladru)\r
173 ciska ci'a write 'scribe' x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe 1h 270 [also x3 writing surface]; (cf. papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for 'author' or specific authorial works, barna, pinka)\r
174 cisma smile x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) 1g 39 [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)]; (cf. xajmi, cmila, frumu)\r
175 ciste ci'e system x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka) 7e 26 [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana)\r
176 citka cti eat x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2 5c 320 (cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri)\r
177 citno cit ci'o young 'junior' x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 2c 146 [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]; (cf. cnino, slabu, verba)\r
178 citri cir history x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3 a 22 [also historic/historical (= cirtermo'i, cirvai)]; (cf. muzga)\r
179 citsi season x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 3e 15 [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]; (cf. cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena)\r
180 civla civ louse x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 ai 0 (cf. cinki, jalra)\r
181 cizra ciz strange 'bizarre' x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) 6f 103 [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic]; (cf. ranxi, rirci, fange, banli)\r
182 ckabu rubber x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 1 (cf. pruni)\r
183 ckafi kaf coffee x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 2j 23 [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] (cf. tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla)\r
184 ckaji kai quality x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 3b 128 [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini)\r
185 ckana cka bed x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event) an 111 (cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji)\r
186 ckape cap peril x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 a 17 [x1 is a danger/peril to x2]; (cf. te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, se xalni)\r
187 ckasu cas ridicule 'scoff' x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) 5g 30 (cf. cmila)\r
188 ckeji kej cke ashamed x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 9d 2 (cf. cinmo)\r
189 ckiku kik key x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 ao 20 [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]; (cf. stela)\r
190 ckilu ci'u scale x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state) al 2 (cf. cmavo list ci'u, gradu, merli, cimde, manri)\r
191 ckini ki'i related 'akin, kin' x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 2g 46 (cf. cmavo list ki'i, ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe, fange)\r
192 ckire kir grateful x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property) 2l 53 [also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)]; (cf. cinmo, friti, pluka)\r
193 ckule kul cu'e school x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x5 1h 95 [also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni)\r
194 ckunu ku'u conifer 'cone' x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3 aj 0 (cf. tricu)\r
195 cladu lau loud x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3 2g 93 (cf. savru)\r
196 clani cla long x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 9b 90 (cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu)\r
197 claxu cau without 'lack' x1 is without/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less 2g 145 (cf. cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu)\r
198 clika mossy x1 is a moss/lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is mossy aj 8 (cf. mledi)\r
199 clira lir early x1 (event) is early by standard x2 2g 35 (cf. lerci)\r
200 clite lit polite x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 9c 37 [also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli)\r
201 cliva liv li'a leave x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 1g 115 [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu)\r
202 clupa cup loop x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] 9b 3 [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)]; (cf. djine)\r
203 cmaci mathematics x1 is a mathematics of type/describing x2 7e 10 (cf. mekso)\r
204 cmalu cma small x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 1e 326 (cf. caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda)\r
205 cmana ma'a mountain x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land mass x2 6c 85 (cf. punli, derxi)\r
206 cmavo ma'o structure word x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4 1b1008 [x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language place) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an example of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi, ma'orselste)]; (cf. gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi)\r
207 cmene cme me'e name x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) 1b 265 [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selcme for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list me'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri)\r
208 cmila mi'a laugh 'smile' x1 laughs (emotional expression) 1g 64 [x1 laughs at x2 (= mi'afra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma)\r
209 cmima mim cmi member x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 7c 117 [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste)\r
210 cmoni cmo co'i moan x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) 4c 32 [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu)\r
211 cnano na'o norm x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 7e 10 [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)]; (cf. tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci)\r
212 cnebo neb ne'o neck x1 is a/the neck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point] 1c 6 (cf. galxe, cutne)\r
213 cnemu nem ne'u reward x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 a 39 [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, posyvelne'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma)\r
214 cnici nic orderly 'neat' x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) 7j 20 (cf. cunso, kalsa)\r
215 cnino nin ni'o new x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty 2c 126 (cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno)\r
216 cnisa nis lead x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal] ag 3 (cf. jinme, tinci)\r
217 cnita nit ni'a beneath x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 2d 139 [also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi)\r
218 co col tanru inversion tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links -\r
219 co'a co'a initiative interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|< | - [beginning (= co'a(r)-)]; (cf. cfari, krasi, clira)\r
220 co'e com co'e unspecif bridi elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship at 0\r
221 co'u co'u cessative interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative | >< | - [ending (= co'u(r)-)]; (cf. sisti, fanmo)\r
222 cokcu cko soak up x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant as 2 (cf. panje, sakci, lacpu)\r
223 condi con cno coi deep x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 6c 57 (cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli)\r
224 cortu cor cro pain 'hurt' x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2 4c 41 (cf. cinmo, xrani)\r
225 cpacu cpa get 'acquire' x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] 2b 143 [also fetch; accept a gift (= seldu'acpa)]; (cf. punji, lebna, vimcu)\r
226 cpana upon x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 1e 63 (x1 may be object or event); (cf. se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarji, zbepi)\r
227 cpare par climb x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] 2b 56 (cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe)\r
228 cpedu cpe request x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 1h 72 [also demand (= mi'ecpe); x4 is a means of expression (cf. ve cusku): a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may be indicated by an action or even demeanor)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frati, se spuda, danfu)\r
229 cpina pungent x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense x2 5c 35 [also prickly (= pecycpina)]; (cf. vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne)\r
230 cradi radio x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 as 0 [also x1 is a broadcaster]; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana)\r
231 crane cra front x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 0 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] (cf. sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle)\r
232 creka cek shirt x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 3f 13 (cf. taxfu)\r
233 crepu rep harvest 'reap' x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 as 2 (cf. critu, sombo, jmaji)\r
234 cribe rib bear x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2 ai 125 (cf. danlu, mabru)\r
235 crida rid fairy x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 ac 4 [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especially for non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda)\r
236 crino ri'o green x1 is green/verdant [color adjective] 1a 92 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna)\r
237 cripu rip bridge x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] ao 37 (cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe)\r
238 crisa cis summer x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 25 (cf. citsi, critu, dunra, vensa)\r
239 critu autumn x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 4 (cf. citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu)\r
240 ctaru tide x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3 a 7 (cf. xamsi)\r
241 ctebi teb lip 'labial' x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial aa 10 (cf. moklu, korbi, cinba)\r
242 cteki tek ce'i tax x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 8d 3 [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] (cf. pleji, flalu, turni)\r
243 ctile petroleum 'oil' x1 is a quantity of petroleum/oil from source x2 a 4 (cf. grasu)\r
244 ctino ti'o shadow 'shade' x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3 a 27 (cf. manku, gusni)\r
245 ctuca ctu teach x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) 1h 72 [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]; (cf. ckule, cilre, tadni)\r
246 cukla cuk round 'circular' x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring 9b 16 [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']; (cf. djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi)\r
247 cukta cku book x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 1f 163 [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)]; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri)\r
248 culno clu full x1 is full/completely filled with x2 2g 58 (cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna)\r
249 cumki cum cu'i possible 'maybe' x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe 3j 78 [also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki)\r
250 cumla cul humble 'humility' x1 is humble/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2 9c 1 (cf. cinmo, jgira)\r
251 cunmi millet x1 is a quantity of millet [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)\r
252 cunso cun cu'o random 'chance' x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 7e 23 [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]; (cf. cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti)\r
253 cuntu cu'u affair x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2's business 8d 6 [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana)\r
254 cupra pra produce x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3 8f 22 (cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa)\r
255 curmi cru let 'permit' x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 8e 57 [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre)\r
256 curnu cur worm x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 ai 12 [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike]; (cf. since, silka)\r
257 curve cuv pure x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) 7j 0 [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2]; (cf. prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi)\r
258 cusku cus sku express x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 1h 872 [also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka)\r
259 cutci cuc shoe x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 3f 28 [also boot (= tupcutci)]; (cf. smoka, taxfu, skiji)\r
260 cutne cut chest x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 aa 16 (cf. cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe)\r
261 cuxna cux cu'a choose x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) 2f 77 [also prefer (= nelcu'a)]; (cf. jdice, pajni, nelci)\r
262 da dav dza something 1 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted) 5a 0\r
263 da'a daz all except digit/number: all except n; all but n; (default 1) 7e 0\r
264 dacru dac drawer x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 ao 14 (cf. nilce, tanxe)\r
265 dacti dai object 'thing' x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing 1f 44 (cf. marji, xanri)\r
266 dadjo daj Taoist x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2 ac 3 (cf. lijda, jegvo)\r
267 dakfu dak knife x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3 1f 19 (cf. denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli)\r
268 dakli sack x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3 3f 27 (cf. daski for pouch, bakfu)\r
269 damba dab da'a fight 'combat' x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant 8g 30 [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci)\r
270 damri drum x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 ak 9 (cf. rilti, zgike)\r
271 dandu dad hang 'dangle, suspend' x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 7j 54 [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] (cf. lasna, jorne)\r
272 danfu daf answer x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 1h 58 (cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive response/reply, cpedu)\r
273 danlu dal da'u animal x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate 6c 61 (cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, mabru, bakni)\r
274 danmo dam smoke x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2 4h 31 [x2 may be a fire]; (cf. pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru)\r
275 danre da'e pressure x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 a 3 [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)]; (cf. catke, bapli, prina, tinsa)\r
276 dansu dance x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2 5g 55 (cf. bende, zgike, zajba)\r
277 danti dan projectile x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 ao 6 [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]; (cf. cecla, renro, jakne)\r
278 daplu plu island x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular ap 3 (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo)\r
279 dapma dap curse 'damn' x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 a 22 [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)]; (cf. mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima)\r
280 dargu dag road x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) 5d 69 [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji)\r
281 darlu dau argue x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] 3j 57 (cf. fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla)\r
282 darno dar da'o far x1 is far/distant from x2 in property x3 (ka) 2g 69 (cf. jibni)\r
283 darsi audacity 'dare' x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) a 6 [x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu)\r
284 darxi dax da'i hit x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 1g 105 (cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu)\r
285 daski pocket x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2 3f 10 (cf. dakli, taxfu, bakfu)\r
286 dasni das wear x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3 3f 71 [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)]; (cf. taxfu)\r
287 daspo spo destroy 'despoil' x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive 4c 41 (cf. spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu)\r
288 dasri sri ribbon x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 3f 29 (cf. djine)\r
289 datka duck x1 is a duck/[drake] of species/breed x2 ai 20 (cf. cipni)\r
290 datni data x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 8b 14 [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, sidydatni)] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji)\r
291 decti dec .1 metric 'deci' x1 is a tenth [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
292 degji deg finger 'digit' x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] 1c 15 [finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; (cf. nazbi, tamji, tance, xance),\r
293 dejni dej owe 'debt-or' x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor 8d 5 (cf. jbera, janta, zivle)\r
294 dekpu gallon 'peck' x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits al 0 [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)\r
295 dekto dek 10 metric 'deka' x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
296 delno del de'o candela 'candle-power' x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
297 dembi deb bean x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 5b 47 (cf. grute, sobde, tsiju)\r
298 denci den de'i tooth 'dental' x1 is a/the tooth [body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is dental aa 30 (for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu); (cf. moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu)\r
299 denmi dem dense x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 7j 48 (cf. carmi, midju, viknu)\r
300 denpa dep de'a wait 'pause' x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) 1h 112 [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]; (cf. dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi)\r
301 dertu der de'u dirt x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 ah 100 [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi)\r
302 derxi dre heap x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3 3m 15 (cf. cmana)\r
303 desku des shake x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 1g 46 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe)\r
304 detri det date x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 3e 29 (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list de'i, djedi, jeftu, masti, nanca, tcika)\r
305 dicra dir interrupt 'disturb, disrupt' x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 4d 60 [also disturbs (one sense)]; (cf. zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa)\r
306 dikca dic electric 'charge' x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative) 7g 4 [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana)\r
307 diklo klo local x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 5d 426 [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits? Thus x1 is associated with a specific narrow region/interval x2 of wider space/range x3]; (cf. cmavo list di'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila)\r
308 dikni dik regular 'cyclical' x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 9b 6 [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)]; (cf. slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna)\r
309 dilcu quotient 'division' x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 7e 3 (cf. frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso)\r
310 dilnu dil cloud x1 is a cloud/mass of clouds of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4 4h 28 (cf. carvi, tcima)\r
311 dimna dim fate 'doom' x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 a 8 [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)]; (cf. dapma)\r
312 dinju dij di'u building x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2 2k 153 (cf. ginka, zdani, zarci)\r
313 dinko di'o nail x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 ao 0 (x2 also can be ni abstraction); (cf. pijne, lasna)\r
314 dirba dib dear x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2 9d 18 [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydirba for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna)\r
315 dirce di'e radiate x1 radiates/emits x2 under conditions x3 7j 14 (cf. gusni)\r
316 dirgo dig drop x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 4h 15 (cf. daplu, bidju)\r
317 dizlo diz dzi low x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 2d 91 [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi)\r
318 djacu jac jau water 'aqua-' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] 4h 106 [aquatic (= jaupli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto)\r
319 djedi dje dei full day x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal 3e 159 [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika)\r
320 djica dji desire x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3 3l 500 [if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura)\r
321 djine jin ring x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside diam. x4 9b 6 [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)]; (cf. clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, sovda, sruri, konju)\r
322 djuno jun ju'o know x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 1h 375 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)\r
323 do don doi you pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative 1d 0\r
324 donri dor do'i daytime x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal) 3e 14 (cf. nicte, djedi, tcika)\r
325 dotco dot do'o German 'Deutsch' x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 12 (cf. ropno)\r
326 draci drama x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 5g 19 [x2 may also be a convention] (cf. finti, cukta, lisri, cfika)\r
327 drani dra correct 'right' x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 1h 91 (cf. srera, mapti)\r
328 drata dat other x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else 2g 351 (cf. mintu, frica)\r
329 drudi rud dru roof x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 2k 30 (cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku)\r
330 du dub du'o same identity as identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing 1 0 [It is very un-Lojbanic to translate the generic English copula 'is' by this word]; (cf. mintu)\r
331 du'u dum bridi abstract abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2 at 0 (cf. mintu, dunli)\r
332 dugri dug logarithm x1 is the logarithm of x2 with base x3 ar 1 (cf. tenfa)\r
333 dukse dus du'e excess x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3 3m 178 [cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu)\r
334 dukti dut opposite 'contrary' x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) 3j 20 (cf. ranxi, ragve, fatne)\r
335 dunda dud du'a give 'donate' x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] 2b 217 [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydu'a, posyseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali)\r
336 dunja duj freeze 'jell' x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 4h 27 (cf. febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu)\r
337 dunku duk du'u anguish x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 4d 25 (cf. fengu, surla)\r
338 dunli dun du'i equal x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 6k 93 [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu)\r
339 dunra dur winter x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 18 (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, vensa)\r
340 dzena dze elder x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents 4b 12 (cf. patfu, rirni, tamne)\r
341 dzipo zip zi'o Antarctican x1 reflects Antarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 5 (cf. ketco, friko, sralo, terdi)\r
342 facki fak fa'i discover 'find' x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object) 4d 128 (cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku)\r
343 fadni fad ordinary x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) 6f 14 [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano)\r
344 fagri fag fire x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) a 52 (cf. jelca, sacki)\r
345 falnu fan sail x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3 ao 2 [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)]; (cf. bloti)\r
346 famti aunt or uncle x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation 4b 2 (cf. bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne)\r
347 fancu function x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 7e 0 (cf. mekso, bridi)\r
348 fange alien 'foreign' x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka) 6f 57 (cf. cizra, jbena, ckini)\r
349 fanmo fam fa'o end 'final' x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] 2c 80 [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)]; (cf. krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi)\r
350 fanri factory 'foundry' x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3 8c 0 (cf. molki, gundi)\r
351 fanta prevent x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring 8g 10 (cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi)\r
352 fanva translate x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5 1h 83 (cf. cusku, bangu)\r
353 fanza faz annoy x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 a 46 [also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla)\r
354 fapro fap pro oppose x1 opposes/balances/contends against opponent(s) x2 (person/force ind./mass) about x3 (abstract) a 17 [also resists]; (cf. bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu)\r
355 farlu fal fa'u fall x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 2b 141 [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] (cf. lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu)\r
356 farna far fa'a direction x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3 5d 22 [x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= selfa'a for reordered places)]; (cf. zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne)\r
357 farvi fav develop 'evolve' x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 8f 16 (cf. pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti)\r
358 fasnu fau event 'happen' x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence 3b 234 (cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, zukte, if specifically agentive, banli)\r
359 fatci fac fact x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute 3j 38 (cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske)\r
360 fatne fat fa'e reverse x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) 3j 10 [also opposite (one sense)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'e, dukti)\r
361 fatri fai distribute x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) 8c 22 [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, tcana)\r
362 febvi feb boil x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 a 9 [roil (= febjicla)]; (cf. dunja, lunsa, runme)\r
363 femti fem 1E-15 metric 'femto' x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
364 fendi fed divide x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/ind. x3 by method/partition x4 9b 50 [also segments]; (cf. sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu)\r
365 fengu feg fe'u angry x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property) 3c 40 (cf. fanza, dunku)\r
366 fenki fek crazy 'frenzy' x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2 4d 15 (cf. bebna, racli, xajmi)\r
367 fenra fer fe'a crack x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 9b 106 (cf. kevna, cfila, jinto)\r
368 fenso fen fe'o sew x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (ind./set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 a 4 (x2 if a set must be a complete specification); (cf. cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna)\r
369 fepni fep fei cent 'penny' x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 5e 36 [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...); (cf. sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)\r
370 fepri lung 'pulmonary' x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] aa 0 [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]; (cf. pambe, vasxu)\r
371 ferti fre fertile x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific a 15 [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)]; (cf. vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange)\r
372 festi fes waste x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) a 20 [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)]; (cf. xaksu, kalci, pinca)\r
373 fetsi fet fe'i female 'fem-' x1 is a female/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine 4b 13 (cf. nakni)\r
374 figre fig fig x1 is a fig [fruit/tree] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute)\r
375 filso fis Palestinian 'Philistine' x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. jordo, xebro)\r
376 finpe fip fi'e fish 'fin' x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates] 5b 46 (cf. danlu)\r
377 finti fin fi'i invent x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 8b 120 [x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi'e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina)\r
378 flalu fla law x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 8d 5 [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]; (cf. javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe)\r
379 flani flute x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] ak 1 (cf. zgike)\r
380 flecu fle flow 'flush' x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/source x4 a 85 [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= caifle, sukfle)]; (cf. rirxe, senta where no directionality is implied, rinci, xampo, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu)\r
381 fliba fli fail 'baffle' x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 8g 4 [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]; (cf. cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, denpa, bebna, zunti)\r
382 flira fir face x1 is a/the face [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial 1c 45 (cf. sefta, stedu, crane, mebri)\r
383 fo'a fo'a it-6 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi) at 0\r
384 fo'e fo'e it-7 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi) at 0\r
385 fo'i fo'i it-8 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi) at 0\r
386 foldi flo foi field x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 9b 24 [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]; (cf. purdi, cange)\r
387 fonmo fom fo'o foam x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3 a 1 (cf. zbabu)\r
388 fonxa fon telephone x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2 2n 40 (cf. tcana)\r
389 forca fro fork x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4 5c 16 (cf. dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci)\r
390 fraso fas French 'France' x1 reflects French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 19 (cf. ropno)\r
391 frati fra react x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive 2b 21 [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)]; (cf. preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti)\r
392 fraxu fax forgive x1 forgives x2 for event/state/activity x3 4d 25 (cf. dunda, curmi, zungi)\r
393 frica fic differ x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 2g 46 [also other-than (less common meaning)]; (cf. ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici)\r
394 friko fi'o African x1 reflects African culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. ropno, xazdo)\r
395 frili fil easy 'freely' x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily 1i 63 (cf. nandu, sampu, zifre)\r
396 frinu fraction x1 is a fraction, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3) 7e 1 (cf. parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi)\r
397 friti fit offer x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4 8d 12 [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke)\r
398 frumu fru frown x1 frowns/grimaces (facial expression) 4d 5 [x1 frowns/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)]; (cf. cmila, cisma)\r
399 fukpi fuk fu'i copy x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) 8b 7 (cf. krefu, rapli, gidva); [borrowing (=fu'ivla)]\r
400 fulta ful flu float x1 (passive) floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant 7f 7 (cf. limna, bloti, sakli)\r
401 funca fun fu'a luck 'fortune' x1 (event/property) is determined by the luck/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied) 4d 17 (cf. cunso, mabla, zabna)\r
402 fusra fur rotten 'rot' x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented a 1 (cf. birje, vanju, vifne)\r
403 fuzme fuz fu'e responsible x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3 8c 55 (cf. bilga)\r
404 gacri gai cover x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 9f 83 (cf. pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, bitmu, calku)\r
405 gadri gad article x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 2a 11 [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] (cf. valsi, cmavo)\r
406 galfi gaf ga'i modify 'alter' x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 2c 97 [causal, resultative change; agentive modification (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)]; (cf. stika for non-resultative, binxo for not-necessarily causal change, cenba for non-resultative change; zasni)\r
407 galtu gal ga'u high x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 2d 123 [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna)\r
408 galxe throat 'gullet' x1 is a/the throat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep hole] aa 6 (cf. cnebo, kevna, tunlo)\r
409 ganlo ga'o closed x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 1e 28 [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane]; (cf. kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti)\r
410 ganra gan broad x1 is broad/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 6f 76 (cf. clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli)\r
411 ganse gas ga'e sense x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 4d 70 [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel]; (cf. pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu)\r
412 ganti gonad 'testes' x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 aa 2 [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ]; (cf. plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, mabla)\r
413 ganxo gax anus 'asshole/arsehole' x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] aa 4 [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]; (cf. zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci)\r
414 ganzu gaz organize x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 8c 16 [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3]; (cf. ciste, morna, stura, bilni, cabra)\r
415 gapci gac gas x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 6b 7 [x3 includes temperature and pressure]; (cf. pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu)\r
416 gapru gap above 'up' x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 2d 202 (cf. tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna)\r
417 garna gar rail 'bar' x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 9b 0 (cf. kamju, grana, tutci)\r
418 gasnu gau do x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 2e 142 (cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno)\r
419 gasta gat steel x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains steel of composition including x2 6b 19 (cf. jinme, molki, tirse)\r
420 genja gej root x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing] aj 2 (cf. jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi)\r
421 gento get ge'o Argentinian x1 reflects Argentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xispo, ketco, spano)\r
422 genxu gex hook x1 is a hook/crook [shape/form] of material x2 ao 0 (cf. kruvi, korcu)\r
423 gerku ger ge'u dog x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2 ai 175 (cf. lorxu, labno, mlatu)\r
424 gerna gen ge'a grammar x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3 1h 91 (cf. bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra)\r
425 gidva gid gi'a guide x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) 5d 17 [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated]; (cf. jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna)\r
426 gigdo gig gi'o 1E9 metric 'giga' x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
427 ginka gik camp x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3 ap 0 (cf. dinju, xabju, zdani)\r
428 girzu gir gri group x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 7c 94 [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]; (cf. bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici)\r
429 gismu gim gi'u root word x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 1b 554 [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi)\r
430 glare gla hot 'warm' x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2 2g 0 [warm (= mligla), feverish (= bi'agla)]; (cf. lenku)\r
431 gleki gek gei happy 'gay' x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) 3c 170 [adversity (= kamnalgei)]; (cf. badri, cinmo)\r
432 gletu let gle copulate 'coitus' x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 as 33 [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]; (cf. cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni)\r
433 glico gic gli English x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 1b 35 [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, sralo, kadno, skoto)\r
434 gluta glu glove x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2 ao 0 [mitten (= degycauglu)]; (cf. taxfu)\r
435 gocti goc 1E-24 'yocto' x1 is 1x10**-24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
436 gotro got 1E24 'yotta' x1 is 1x10**24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
437 gradu rau unit 'degree, grad' x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 7e 0 [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension]; (cf. ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci)\r
438 grake gra gram x1 is x2 gram(s) [metric unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3 af 1 (cf. junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
439 grana ga'a rod x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 9b 37 (cf. garna)\r
440 grasu ras grease x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/oil from source x2 6b 10 (cf. ctile, matne, plana)\r
441 greku rek frame x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 a 0 (cf. korbi, stura, tsina, bongu)\r
442 grusi rus gray x1 is gray [color adjective] 1a 48 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)\r
443 grute rut fruit x1 is a fruit [body-part] of species x2 6c 19 (cf. badna, dembi, figre, guzme, narge, perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre)\r
444 gubni gub public x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) 8c 7 (cf. sivni)\r
445 gugde gug gu'e country x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) ab 81 [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)]; (cf. turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, lanci)\r
446 gundi gud industry x1 is industry/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3 8c 0 (cf. cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu)\r
447 gunka gun gu'a work x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 8c 174 [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu)\r
448 gunma gum jointly 'mass' x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly 5a 25 [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]; (cf. bende, girzu, pagbu, cmavo list loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci)\r
449 gunro gur gu'o roll 'trundle' x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller as 10 (cf. bolci, carna, jendu, slanu)\r
450 gunse goose x1 is a goose/[gander] of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. cipni)\r
451 gunta gut attack x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 8g 21 (cf. bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa)\r
452 gurni gru grain x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2 aj 71 (cf. bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu)\r
453 guska guk scrape x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 as 1 [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)]; (cf. balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra)\r
454 gusni gus gu'i illumine 'light' x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 4d 151 [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)](cf. dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu)\r
455 gusta restaurant x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 5c 45 (cf. barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli)\r
456 gutci guc cubit 'foot' x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits al 0 [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjmagutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)\r
457 gutra womb 'uterus' x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth] aa 2 (cf. jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, mabla)\r
458 guzme guz zme melon x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute)\r
459 ja jav tanru or logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought or 7a 0\r
460 jabre brake x1 brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 as 0 (cf. mosra)\r
461 jadni jad ja'i adorn x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated 3f 64 [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)]; (cf. jemna, dirba, batke)\r
462 jakne rocket x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 ao 1 (cf. cecla, danti, spoja)\r
463 jalge jag ja'e result x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) 6a 56 [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja'e, ciksi)\r
464 jalna starch x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of starch from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 1 (cf. patlu, samcu)\r
465 jalra cockroach x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 ai 13 [also grasshopper (= pipyjalra); cricket (= sanjalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants); (cf. cinki, civla, manti)\r
466 jamfu jaf jma foot x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal 1c 47 (cf. jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji)\r
467 jamna jam war x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 8g 17 (cf. bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu)\r
468 janbe jab bell x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 ao 0 [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)]; (cf. zgike, tonga, desku, slilu)\r
469 janco jan shoulder x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 aa 22 (cf. birka)\r
470 janli jal collide x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 4c 19 (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects); (cf. darxi)\r
471 jansu jas diplomat 'consul' x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 a 0 [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)]; (cf. jecta, krati)\r
472 janta jat account x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 5g 4 (cf. jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera)\r
473 jarbu suburb x1 is a suburban area of city/metropolis x2 a 9 (cf. nurma, se tcadu, ve tcadu)\r
474 jarco ja'o show x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 8c 85 [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)]; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, simlu)\r
475 jarki jak narrow x1 is narrow in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 6f 37 (cf. caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, cmalu)\r
476 jaspu jap passport x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity) ao 2 (cf. pikta, catni, curmi)\r
477 jatna ja'a captain x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain x2 a 1 (cf. jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti)\r
478 javni jva rule x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 7e 11 [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]; (cf. flalu, ritli, cmavo list ja'i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri)\r
479 jbama bam bomb x1 is a bomb/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2 ao 0 (cf. cecla, spoja)\r
480 jbari jba berry x1 is a berry (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2 5b 12 (cf. grute, tsiju, narge, grute)\r
481 jbena jbe born 'bear' x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 4b 77 [x2 bears/gives birth to x1; also x3: natal day]; (cf. fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi)\r
482 jbera jer borrow x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 3m 6 [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]; (cf. dejni, janta, zivle)\r
483 jbini bin bi'i between x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) 2d 28 [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1]; (cf. se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca)\r
484 jdari jar firm 'hard' x1 is firm/hard/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3 6f 55 (cf. nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, tinsa, sligu, stodi)\r
485 jdice jdi decide x1 (person) decides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state) 2f 83 (cf. pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri)\r
486 jdika decrease x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 a 5 (cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu)\r
487 jdima di'a price x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor x4 8d 15 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydi'a, posyseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not he same as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]; (cf. canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji for 'value', ve vecnu for 'cost', canja, fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, rupnu, sfasa, vamji)\r
488 jdini din di'i money 'dinero' x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal 5e 44 ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)]; (cf. fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja, rupnu)\r
489 jduli dul jdu jelly x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2 ah 1 [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous]; (cf. litki, sligu)\r
490 je jev jve tanru and logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought and 7a 0\r
491 jecta jec je'a polity 'state' x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] ab 10 [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political]; (cf. gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu)\r
492 jeftu jef week x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3 3e 33 [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)]; (cf. detri, djedi, masti, nanca)\r
493 jegvo jeg je'o Jehovist x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Moslem culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 ac 24 [also Muslim]; (cf. lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso)\r
494 jei jez truth abstract abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under metaphysics x2 7a 0 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]\r
495 jelca jel burn x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 a 9 [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)]; (cf. fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki)\r
496 jemna jme gem x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 6c 30 [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)]; (cf. kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulji)\r
497 jenca jen shock x1 (event) shocks/stuns x2 4c 20 (cf. darxi, gunta, spaji)\r
498 jendu jed axle 'spindle' x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3 ao 1 (cf. se carna, gunro, tutci)\r
499 jenmi jem jei army x1 (mass) is an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity) a 13 (cf. bilni, sonci, xarci)\r
500 jerna earn x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) 8c 8 [also x2 earnings, reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyjerna, posyseljerna for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji)\r
501 jersi je'i chase 'pursue' x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 as 24 [x1 follows after x2]; (cf. kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne)\r
502 jerxo jex Algerian x1 reflects Algerian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo, fraso)\r
503 jesni jes needle x1 is a needle [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2 ao 2 (cf. konju, pijne, jipno, kinli)\r
504 jetce je'e jet x1 is a jet [expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3 a 3 (cf. sputu, vamtu)\r
505 jetnu jet je'u true x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 3j 59 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika)\r
506 jgalu ja'u claw 'talon' x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] aa 2 (cf. denci, jirna, batci)\r
507 jganu jga angle x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 7e 1 [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]; (cf. kojna, linji, konju, mokca)\r
508 jgari jai grasp 'grip' x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) 5g 60 [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)]; (cf. ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju)\r
509 jgena jge knot x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) a 0 [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)]; (cf. pluja, julne, lasna, skori)\r
510 jgina gin gene x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3 a 1 [also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)]; (cf. cerda)\r
511 jgira jgi pride x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) 9d 4 [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone]; (cf. cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, snada)\r
512 jgita git guitar 'guitar' x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 ak 1 [also lute, viola, cello]; (cf. zgike)\r
513 jibni jbi near x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) 2d 95 (cf. darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi)\r
514 jibri jib job x1 is a job/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 2n 45 [working for another (= selplijibri)]; (cf. briju, gunka, te jerna which is employment specifically for pay and not specifically for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for pay and not necessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities)\r
515 jicla stir x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 as 8 [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)]; (cf. fanza, tunta, mixre)\r
516 jicmu cmu basis x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 7j 56 [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi)\r
517 jijnu jij intuit x1 (person) intuits x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [epistemology] 7j 1 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi)\r
518 jikca jik socialize 'social' x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 2n 170 (cf. tarti, penmi)\r
519 jikru liquor x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2 2j 3 (cf. barja, vanju, birje, xalka)\r
520 jilka jil alkali x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2 6f 2 [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]; (cf. sodna, bakri, sodva)\r
521 jilra jealous x1 (person) is jealous of/envies x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka) 9d 4 (cf. cinmo)\r
522 jimca jic branch 'limb' x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] 6c 22 [also appendage]; (cf. birka, rebla, tuple)\r
523 jimpe jmi understand 'comprehend' x1 understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 1h 148 (cf. djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska)\r
524 jimte jit limit x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 7e 15 [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, curmi, fanta, jbini)\r
525 jinci shears x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for cutting x2 6f 5 (cf. katna)\r
526 jinga jig ji'a win 'gain' x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 8g 71 [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyji'a, posyselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci)\r
527 jinku vaccine x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 a 0 [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] (cf. jurme, mikce, jesni, bilma)\r
528 jinme jim metal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of made of metal of composition including x2 ah 6 [(adjective:) x1 is metallic]; (cf. cnisa, gasta, lastu, margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodva)\r
529 jinru jir immerse x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 6c 11 [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)]; (cf. lumci, nenri, jinsa)\r
530 jinsa jis clean x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3 5g 14 (cf. lumci, jinru, curve, sepli)\r
531 jinto well x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3 a 12 (cf. krasi, djacu, fenra)\r
532 jinvi jiv ji'i opine x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 3l 161 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] (cf. cmavo list pe'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka)\r
533 jinzi jiz innate x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2 7j 10 (cf. lakne, rarna, stati, cmavo list ka'e, tcaci)\r
534 jipci chicken x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 5b 18 (cf. cipni)\r
535 jipno jip ji'o tip 'point' x1 is a tip/point/vertex/extremity/end [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 9b 3 (cf. mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi)\r
536 jirna horn x1 is a/the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity] ai 9 (cf. jgalu, bongu)\r
537 jisra juice x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2 2j 6 [water-based extract from a (generally) biological source] (cf. pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi)\r
538 jitfa jif false x1 (du'u) is false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 3j 15 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika)\r
539 jitro tro control x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) 8c 26 [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzuktro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'o, bapli, te bende, gidva - which does not necessarily control or command, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, turni, vlipa, xance, xlura)\r
540 jivbu weave x1 weaves x2 from material/[yarn] x3 as 0 (cf. fenso, nivji)\r
541 jivna jvi compete 'rival' x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 8g 48 [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]; (cf. cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci)\r
542 jmaji jaj gather x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u) 3m 26 [also focus (= seljmaji)]; (cf. crepu)\r
543 jmifa shoal 'reef' x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 a 0 [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)]; (cf. caxno)\r
544 jmina min add 'augment' x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3 5c 52 (cf. zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca)\r
545 jmive miv ji'e live x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing 4c 149 [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]; (cf. lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju)\r
546 jo jov tanru iff logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if 7a 0\r
547 jo'e jom union non-logical connective: union of sets at 0\r
548 jo'u jo'u in common with non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) -\r
549 joi jol joi in a mass with non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mass aq 0\r
550 jordo jor jo'o Jordanian x1 reflects Jordanian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. filso)\r
551 jorne jon jo'e joined x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union 6f 34 [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]; (cf. lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi)\r
552 ju juv tanru whether logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not 7a 0\r
553 jubme jub jbu table x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 1f 49 (cf. ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu)\r
554 judri address x1 is an address of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3 5d 25 (cf. tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi)\r
555 jufra juf ju'a sentence 'phrase' x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 1h 111 [phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle)]; (cf. valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni)\r
556 jukni juk spider 'arachnid' x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 ai 11 (cf. cinki, danlu)\r
557 jukpa jup cook x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) 5c 57 [cook with heat (= glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]; (cf. cupra, bredi)\r
558 julne ju'e net x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 ao 3 [also sieve]; (cf. komcu, ciste, jgena)\r
559 jundi jud ju'i attentive 'attend' x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 4d 76 (cf. kurji, zvati)\r
560 jungo jug Chinese x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 10 (cf. xazdo)\r
561 junla jul clock x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 3e 5 [also timepiece]; (cf. cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)\r
562 junri jur serious x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) 9d 12 [also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)]; (cf. tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli)\r
563 junta weight x1 is the weight of object x2 in [gravitational or other force] field x3 9b 0 (cf. grake, linto, tilju, bunda)\r
564 jurme jum germ x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 ai 1 (cf. vidru)\r
565 jursa jus severe 'harsh' x1 (event/action/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer] 4c 13 (cf. gunta, vlile)\r
566 jutsi jut species x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] ai 30 [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy]; (cf. klesi, lanzu)\r
567 juxre jux clumsy 'awkward' x1 (action) is clumsy/awkward by standard x2 5g 16 (cf. sluji, muvdu)\r
568 jvinu vin ji'u view x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 6c 18 [also x1 is on display to x2/x3]; (cf. catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco)\r
569 ka kam property abstract abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi] 3b 0 (cf. ckaji)\r
570 kabri cup x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 2j 88 [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]; (cf. palta, citka, blaci, tansi)\r
571 kacma camera x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3 6c 12 (cf. lenjo)\r
572 kadno Canadian x1 reflects Canadian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. bemro, glico)\r
573 kafke cough x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 4c 5 (cf. bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu)\r
574 kagni kag company x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 8c 25 [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]; (cf. kansa, kamni, banxa, bende)\r
575 kajde jde warn 'caution' x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) 4c 42 [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]; (cf. ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura)\r
576 kajna shelf 'counter' x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 a 2 (cf. balni)\r
577 kakne ka'e able 'can' x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) 2e 154 [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)]; (cf. stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free potential sense), cmavo list ka'e, cmavo list nu'o, cmavo list pu'i, djuno, zifre)\r
578 kakpa dig x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 6f 29 [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)]; (cf. katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku)\r
579 kalci feces 'shit' x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) aa 0 [also crap]; (cf. ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi)\r
580 kalri kar open x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 1e 90 [as a doorway]; (cf. ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme)\r
581 kalsa kas chaotic x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka) a 29 (cf. cunso, cnici)\r
582 kalte kat hunt x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry/game x2 for purpose x3 as 15 [also verb: to fish (= fipkalte)]; (cf. jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi)\r
583 kamju column x1 is a column/pillar of material x2 a 18 [spine (= bogykamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)]; (cf. ckana, garna, sanli, slanu)\r
584 kamni committee x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 8d 11 [board of directors/trustees/cabinet (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] (cf. bende, kagni)\r
585 kampu kau common x1 (property - ka) is common/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set) 6f 24 (cf. cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, simxu)\r
586 kanba goat 'kid, billy, baa' x1 is a goat/angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2 ai 2 (cf. lanme, sunla)\r
587 kancu kac count x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x4 3a 24 (x2 is complete set); (cf. kanji, satci, merli)\r
588 kandi kad dim x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 1a 39 [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)]; (cf. blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)\r
589 kanji kaj calculate 'reckon' x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 7e 0 (cf. kancu, jdice, skami)\r
590 kanla kal eye 'ocular' x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular 1c 0 [x1 is optic]; (cf. jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte)\r
591 kanro ka'o healthy x1 is healthy/fit/well/in good health by standard x2 4c 35 (cf. bilma, mikce)\r
592 kansa kan with 'accompany' x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) 2g 228 [x1 is together with/along with x2] (cf. kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, lasna)\r
593 kantu ka'u quantum x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 7j 9 [quantum ray (= bonka'u)]; (cf. selci for masses and most objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji)\r
594 kanxe kax conjunction x1 is a conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true 7a 5 (cf. vlina)\r
595 karbi kab compare x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state) 7e 3 (cf. klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, mleca, dunli)\r
596 karce car x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 4d 121 (cf. carce, xislu, marce, sabnu)\r
597 karda card x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 9b 2 (x3 shape default rectangular); (cf. matci, tapla, plita)\r
598 kargu costly x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3 5e 55 [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= poskargu for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu)\r
599 karli collar x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 a 1 [also sphincter]; (cf. sruri, djine)\r
600 karni journal x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 8b 56 [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list]; (cf. papri, pelji, tcidu)\r
601 katna ka'a cut x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 5c 25 [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. kakpa, sraku for cutting into without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu)\r
602 kavbu kav capture 'catch' x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 8e 33 [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]; (cf. jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju)\r
603 ke kem start grouping start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping 3b 0 (cf. cmavo list ke'e)\r
604 ke'e kep ke'e end grouping elidable terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable) 3b 0 (cf. cmavo list ke)\r
605 kecti kec ke'i pity x1 (person) pities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) 4c 23 (cf. cinmo, xendo)\r
606 kei kez end abstraction elidable terminator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable) 3b 0\r
607 kelci kel kei play x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2 9c 116 [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)]; (cf. jivna, jinga, zdile)\r
608 kelvo ke'o kelvin x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 af 1 (cf. gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
609 kenra ken cancer x1 is a cancer [malignant disease] in x2 a 0 (cf. bilma, mikce, spita)\r
610 kensa kes outer space x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 am 3 (cf. canlu, munje, terdi, tsani)\r
611 kerfa kre hair x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3 1c 60 (cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu)\r
612 kerlo ker ear 'aural, earlobe' x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] 1c 16 [(adjective:) x1 is aural]; (cf. kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu)\r
613 ketco ket tco South American 'Quechua' x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 7 (cf. merko, xispo, brazo, gento, spano)\r
614 kevna kev ke'a cavity 'cave' x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 6c 148 [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)]; (cf. fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu)\r
615 kicne kic ki'e cushion x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 an 7 (cf. ckana, matci)\r
616 kijno kij oxygen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustion] ag 1 (cf. jelca, vacri, vasxu)\r
617 kilto ki'o 1000 metric 'kilo' x1 is a thousand [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro, minli)\r
618 kinli kil sharp 'keen' x1 is sharp/keen at locus x2 7j 7 (cf. balre, dakfu, jesni)\r
619 kisto kis Pakistani x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xurdo)\r
620 klaji laj street 'avenue' x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 5d 23 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]; (cf. naxle, panka, pluta, dargu)\r
621 klaku kak weep x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) 4c 27 (cf. badri, krixa)\r
622 klama kla come x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 1g1399 [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke)\r
623 klani lai quantity x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) 3b 31 [also count]; (cf. cmavo list la'u, namcu)\r
624 klesi kle lei class x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) 7c 63 [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum]; (cf. cmavo list le'a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici)\r
625 klina kli clear x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] 7j 32 [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged, better expressed as = filseljmi)]; (cf. kandi, zunti - nalzu'i is better for 'unhindered')\r
626 kliru chlorine x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.] ag 3 [also bromine; default chlorine] (cf. xukmi)\r
627 kliti kit clay x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2 ah 4 (cf. dertu, pesxu, staku)\r
628 klupe lup lu'e screw x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 a 0 [also bolt]; (cf. korcu, sarlu, tutci)\r
629 kluza luz loose 'blouse' x1 (obj.) is loose/bloused/not tight on x2 (obj.) at locus x3 3f 6 (cf. tagji, trati, rinju)\r
630 kobli kob ko'i cabbage 'cole-' x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. stagi)\r
631 kojna koj ko'a corner x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 9b 13 [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section]; (cf. jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo, jganu, krasi)\r
632 kolme kol ko'e coal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 ah 3 (cf. tabno, tarla)\r
633 komcu kom comb x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3 ao 1 (cf. julne, forca, burcu)\r
634 konju kon ko'u cone x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3 9b 0 [also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)]; (cf. jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, jganu)\r
635 korbi kor koi edge 'border, curb' x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 9b 43 (cf. cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu)\r
636 korcu kro bent 'crooked, corkscrew' (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded 6f 10 (cf. cinje, klupe, kruvi, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, genxu)\r
637 korka kok cork x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material] ah 1 (cf. tricu, calku, skapi, stagi)\r
638 kosta kos coat x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 3f 23 (cf. pastu, sunla, taxfu)\r
639 kramu acre x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits af 0 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda)\r
640 krasi kra source 'origin' x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) 2c 156 [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial]; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra'i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto)\r
641 krati ka'i represent 'proxy' x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 8c 9 [also: on behalf of]; (cf. cmavo list ka'i, jansu, catni, vipsi, pulji)\r
642 krefu ref ke'u recur x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 7j 56 [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion]; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti)\r
643 krici kri believe 'creed' x1 believes [without evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 3l 99 ["without evidence" refers to objective external evidence; also gives credence, has conviction]; (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti)\r
644 krili crystal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3 ah 5 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. jemna, bisli)\r
645 krinu rin ki'u reason x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) 6a 73 (cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cmavo list ki'u, bapli)\r
646 krixa kix ki'a cry out x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier 4c 53 (cf. klaku, bacru)\r
647 kruca kuc intersect 'cross' x1 intersects/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3 5d 31 (cf. cripu, ragve)\r
648 kruji ruj cream x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2 2j 18 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]]; (cf. ladru, matne)\r
649 kruvi ruv kru curve x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 5d 4 [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]; (cf. korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji)\r
650 ku'a kuz intersection non-logical connective: intersection of sets at 0\r
651 kubli kub cube x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (def. 3), surfaces/sides x3 (def. 6) 9b 3 (cf. kurfa - needed for 'cube', bliku for a physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi)\r
652 kucli curious x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract) 9d 31 [inquisitive (= retkucli)]; (cf. manci, sisku, se cinri)\r
653 kufra kuf comfort x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2 9d 34 (cf. cinmo)\r
654 kukte kuk delicious 'cooked, tasty' x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] 2j 24 [x1 is a delicacy]; (cf. gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina)\r
655 kulnu klu culture x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic ab 45 [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)]; (cf. cmavo list ka'u, cmavo list ku'u, natmi, cecmu)\r
656 kumfa kum ku'a room x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) 2k 346 [also chamber]; (cf. bitmu, canlu, zdani)\r
657 kumte camel x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 ai 3 [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]; (cf. sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli)\r
658 kunra kun mineral 'mined' x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3 6c 5 (cf. jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna)\r
659 kunti kut empty 'vacant' x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow 2g 54 [also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)]; (cf. culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca)\r
660 kurfa kur square x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) 9b 2 [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, tarmi)\r
661 kurji kuj ku'i take care of 'care' x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) 2l 49 [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]; (cf. jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana)\r
662 kurki bitter 'acrid' x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 6f 6 (cf. titla, slari)\r
663 kuspe kup ku'e range 'span' x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 9b 5 [also continues]; (cf. ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja)\r
664 kusru kus cruel x1 (person) is cruel/mean/unkind to victim x2 9c 21 (cf. xendo, jursa)\r
665 labno wolf 'lobo' x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2 ai 3 (cf. gerku)\r
666 lacpu lap cpu pull x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 8h 19 [gravity (= ka maicpu, maircpukai)]; (cf. catke, sakci, cokcu)\r
667 lacri lac rely x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) 8c 16 (cf. minde, nitcu, tinbe)\r
668 ladru lad milk 'lactic' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy 2j 16 (cf. lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji)\r
669 lafti laf lift x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 8h 36 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe)\r
670 lakne la'e probable 'likely' x1 (event/state/property) is probable/likely under conditions x2 6f 30 (cf. cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cnano)\r
671 lakse lak wax x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2 a 1 [also paraffin]; (cf. bifce, ranti, bidju)\r
672 lalxu la'u lake 'lagoon' x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2 6c 61 (cf. daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani)\r
673 lamji lam la'i adjacent x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 2d 63 [also touching, contiguous, against]; (cf. zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini)\r
674 lanbi protein 'albumin' x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u) aj 2 (cf. ladru, sovda)\r
675 lanci flag 'banner' x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 ao 0 (cf. gugde, jecta)\r
676 lanka basket x1 is a basket with contents x2, woven from material x3 ao 0 (cf. vasru, baktu)\r
677 lanli lal analyze x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] 8c 21 (cf. catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka)\r
678 lanme lan sheep 'lanolin, lamb' x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 ai 2 (cf. kanba, sunla)\r
679 lante can x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 5c 5 (cf. botpi, baktu, tinci)\r
680 lanxe lax balance x1 is in balance/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass) 7j 5 (cf. midju, nutli; fapro for balancing/opposing forces, nutli)\r
681 lanzu laz family 'clan' x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 4b 44 [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)]; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi)\r
682 larcu lar art x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) 8c 11 [(adjective:) x1 is artistic]; (cf. finti, zbasu, stati)\r
683 lasna la'a fasten 'lash' x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4 3f 17 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached];(cf. jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa)\r
684 lastu brass x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 ah 7 [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]; (cf. jinme, ransu, tunka)\r
685 latmo la'o Latin x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2 ab 13 (cf. ropno, fraso, spano, xispo)\r
686 latna lotus x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 aj 1 (cf. budjo, censa, lijda, spati)\r
687 lazni lazy x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2 a 9 (cf. nejni, vreta, gunka)\r
688 le'e lem the stereotypical non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ... at 0\r
689 lebna leb le'a take x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) 2b 81 [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, cliva)\r
690 lenjo len le'o lens x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 ao 4 [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] (cf. kacma, minra)\r
691 lenku lek cold 'cool' x1 is cold/cool by standard x2 2g 52 (cf. glare, bisli)\r
692 lerci lec late x1 (event) is late by standard x2 2g 31 (cf. clira)\r
693 lerfu ler le'u letteral x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 3a 215 [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]; (cf. mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi)\r
694 li'i liz experience abstract abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or observer) - (cf. lifri)\r
695 libjo lib Libyan x1 reflects Libyan culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)\r
696 lidne li'e precede 'leader' x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following 8c 50 [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list li'e, balvi, ralju, rebla, purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, jatna, farna)\r
697 lifri lif fri experience 'life' x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 2n 148 [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)]; (cf. cmavo list ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi)\r
698 lijda jda religion x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 ac 126 [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda); congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]; (cf. budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri)\r
699 limna lim swim x1 (agent) swims in fluid x2 6c 33 (cf. djacu, fulta, klama, litru)\r
700 lindi lid lightning x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 4h 24 [also thunder (= lidysna)]; (cf. dikca)\r
701 linji lij li'i line x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 9b 10 [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)]; (cf. kruvi, sirji, jganu, kantu, mokca)\r
702 linsi lin chain 'links' x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3 9f 21 (cf. skori)\r
703 linto li'o lightweight x1 is light in mass/weight by standard x2 9b 3 (cf. junta, tilju; se xalbo, kandi for metaphor)\r
704 lisri lis story x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 8b 81 [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author]; (cf. ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci)\r
705 liste ste list x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 7c 32 [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful)\r
706 litce lic liter x1 is x2 liter(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
707 litki lik liquid x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 6b 11 [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. cilmo, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli)\r
708 litru li'u travel x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller 7f 118 (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu)\r
709 livga liver x1 is a/the liver [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. rango, betfu)\r
710 livla lil fuel x1 is a fuel/energy-source for powering x2 7f 1 (cf. nejni, xaksu, jelca)\r
711 lo'e lom the typical veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ... at 0\r
712 logji loj logic x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) 7a 24 [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]; (cf. nibli)\r
713 lojbo lob jbo Lojbanic x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 1b 0 [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] (cf. bangu, logji)\r
714 loldi lol loi floor x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 2k 120 [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]; (cf. bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti)\r
715 lorxu lor lo'u fox x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2 ai 36 (cf. gerku)\r
716 lubno lu'o Lebanese x1 reflects Lebanese culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)\r
717 lujvo luv jvo affix compound x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 1b 428 (cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni)\r
718 lumci lum lu'i wash x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 5g 16 [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]; (cf. djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve)\r
719 lunbe lub bare x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection] a 17 (cf. taxfu, bandu)\r
720 lunra lur lunar x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2 am 36 (cf. plini, solri, terdi, mluni)\r
721 lunsa lus condense x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 a 0 (cf. cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru)\r
722 mabla mal derogative x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 3d 78 [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]; (cf. palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu)\r
723 mabru mab mammal x1 is a mammal/'animal'/beast of species x2 6c 7 (cf. danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju)\r
724 macnu cnu manual x1 (event/action/process) is manual [not automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3 7g 1 (cf. zmiku, jitro)\r
725 makcu ma'u mature x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) 9c 18 (cf. cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu)\r
726 makfa maf magic x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 a 50 (cf. krici, manci)\r
727 maksi mak magnet x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing magnetic field x2 a 1 (cf. dikca, trina, xlura)\r
728 malsi mas temple x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 9a 33 [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)]; (cf. cevni, krici, lijda, ritli)\r
729 mamta mam mother 'mom' x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 128 (cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena)\r
730 manci mac wonder x1 feels wonder/awe/marvels about x2 9d 43 (cf. cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, banli, sisku)\r
731 manfo uniform x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka) 7j 11 (cf. prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, traji)\r
732 manku man dark x1 is dark/lacking in illumination 1a 67 (cf. blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or xekri with colors, ctino)\r
733 manri mar reference x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3 2d 70 (x1 may be object or si'o idea); (cf. cmavo list ma'i, ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde)\r
734 mansa satisfy x1 satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3 8c 39 (cf. pajni)\r
735 manti ant x1 is an ant of species/breed x2 ai 135 (cf. cinki, jalra)\r
736 mapku map cap x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2 3f 18 (cf. taxfu, stedu, drudi)\r
737 mapni cotton x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of fabric/material] ah 2 (cf. bukpu)\r
738 mapti mat fit 'match' x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 7j 47 (cf. satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu)\r
739 marbi mra shelter 'harbor' x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 4d 14 (cf. bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri)\r
740 marce ma'e vehicle x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 7f 12 (cf. klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, karce, sabnu, skiji)\r
741 marde mad morals x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (ind./mass) about situation x3 a 6 [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)]; (cf. palci, vrude, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri)\r
742 margu mag mercury x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature] ag 2 (cf. jinme)\r
743 marji maj mai material 'matter' x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 6b 29 [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material]; (cf. morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti)\r
744 marna hemp 'marijuana' x1 is a quantity of hemp/marijuana/jute of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi)\r
745 marxa max mash x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 a 6 (cf. daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli)\r
746 masno sno slow x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) 4f 37 (cf. sutra)\r
747 masti ma'i month x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3 3e 36 [this month (= cabma'i); next month (= bavla'ima'i); last month (= prula'ima'i)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca)\r
748 matci mat x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 a 13 [also mattress = (kicymatci)]; (cf. kicne, tapla, karda, ckana)\r
749 matli linen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of linen/flax [type of fabric/material] ah 12 (cf. bukpu)\r
750 matne butter x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 5b 6 [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)]; (cf. grasu, kruji)\r
751 matra motor x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2 a 0 (cf. marce, minji, carce)\r
752 mavji mav oats x1 is a quantity of oats [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)\r
753 maxri xri wheat x1 is a quantity of wheat [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 9 (cf. gurni)\r
754 mebri meb brow x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 aa 18 (cf. stedu, flira)\r
755 megdo meg 1E6 metric 'mega' x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
756 mei mem mei cardinal selbri convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 with member(s) x3 [x1 is a mass with N components x3 composing set x2; x2 is an n-tuple (x2 is completely specified) (= selmei for reordered places); x1 forms an n-some; x3 (not necessarily a complete enumeration) are [among the] members of x2]; (cf. cmima, gunma, cmavo list moi)\r
757 mekso mek me'o MEX x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2 7e 88 (cf. cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pilji)\r
758 melbi mel mle beautiful x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 6c 191 [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful]; (cf. pluka, xamgu)\r
759 meljo mej Malaysian x1 reflects Malaysian/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. baxso, bindo)\r
760 menli men mind 'mental' x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 3l 26 [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)]; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni)\r
761 mensi mes me'i sister x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] 4b 38 (cf. bruna, tunba, tamne, famti)\r
762 mentu met me'u minute x1 is x2 minutes in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3 3e 12 (cf. junla, cacra, snidu, tcika)\r
763 merko mer American x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2 1b 38 (cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico)\r
764 merli mre measure x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 al 14 (cf. kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
765 mexno mex Mexican x1 reflects Mexican culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xispo, bemro, spano)\r
766 mi mib me pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative 1d 0 (cf. sevzi)\r
767 midju mij middle x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central 2d 31 (cf. lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju)\r
768 mifra mif code 'cipher' x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code a 2 [code (= termifra)]; (cf. mipri, lerfu, sinxa)\r
769 mikce mic doctor 'medic' x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 4c 63 [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]; (cf. bilma, kanro, spita)\r
770 mikri mik 1E-6 metric 'micro' x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
771 milti mil .001 metric 'milli' x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
772 milxe mli mild x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 6k 58 (cf. mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, traji)\r
773 minde mid mi'e command x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur 1h 91 [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)]; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe)\r
774 minji mi'i machine x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] 7g 13 [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]; (cf. cabra, matra, tutci, zukte, pilno, skami)\r
775 minli mile x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 al 1 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)\r
776 minra mir reflect 'mirror' x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 a 40 [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]; (cf. catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi)\r
777 mintu mit mi'u same 'identical' x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable) 2g 47 (cf. panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo list du - which has no standard place, simxu)\r
778 mipri mip secret x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2 3l 53 [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)]; (cf. stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco)\r
779 mirli deer x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. mabru, danlu)\r
780 misno mis mi'o famous x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) 7j 8 [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)]; (cf. se sinma, banli)\r
781 misro Egyptian 'Mizraim' x1 reflects Egyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, muslo, xrabo)\r
782 mitre tre meter x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in length (default 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4 af 0 (cf. kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
783 mixre mix xre mixture x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 5c 19 [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]; (cf. salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso)\r
784 mlana mla side 'lateral' x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4 1e 88 (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi)\r
785 mlatu lat cat x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline ai 124 (cf. cinfo, tirxu, gerku)\r
786 mleca mec me'a less x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4 6k 57 [also negative (= nonme'a)]; (cf. cmavo list me'a, cmavo list su'o, jdika, zmadu, traji)\r
787 mledi led mold x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3 aj 5 (cf. clika)\r
788 mluni lun satellite 'moon' x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 am 1 (cf. plini, solri, lunra)\r
789 mo'a mob too few digit/number: too few; subjective -\r
790 mo'i mov space motion mark motions in space-time -\r
791 moi mom moi ordinal selbri convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3 7e 0 (x2 is a completely specified set)\r
792 mokca moc point 'moment' x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 9b 14 [x1 is dimensionless]; (cf. jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, tcika)\r
793 moklu mol mo'u mouth 'oral' x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) 1c 14 [(adjective:) x1 is oral]; (cf. ctebi, denci, tance)\r
794 molki mlo mill x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 ap 0 [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)]; (cf. gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi)\r
795 molro mo'o mole x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3 af 2 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
796 morji moj mo'i remember 'memory' x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 2h 114 (cf. cmavo list ba'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci)\r
797 morko mor Moroccan x1 reflects Moroccan culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)\r
798 morna mon mo'a pattern 'form' x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 9b 14 [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, or the more abstract = termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)]; (cf. ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti)\r
799 morsi mro dead 'mort-' x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive 4c 244 [die/mortal (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)]; (cf. jmive, catra, betri)\r
800 mosra mos friction 'rub' x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 a 3 [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)]; (cf. sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, guska, pencu, spali)\r
801 mraji rye x1 is a quantity of rye [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)\r
802 mrilu mri mail x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 4i 15 [also x4 post office, mailbox]; (cf. benji [in which the medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana)\r
803 mruli mru hammer x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by x4 ao 2 (cf. tutci)\r
804 mu mum 5 digit/number: 5 (digit) 3a 0\r
805 mu'e muf point-event abstract abstractor: achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [bridi] -\r
806 mucti mut immaterial x1 is immaterial/not physical/without material form 6b 8 (cf. marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo)\r
807 mudri mud wood 'lumber' x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains wood/lumber from tree(s) of type/species x2 6b 27 (cf. tricu, stani)\r
808 mukti muk mu'i motive x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 6a 70 [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)]; (cf. cmavo list mu'i, nibli, te zukte - generally better for 'goal', se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura)\r
809 mulno mul mu'o complete x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 7j 181 [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]; (cf. fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni)\r
810 munje muj mu'e universe x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 a 44 [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe]; (cf. ciste, plini, kensa, mulno)\r
811 mupli mup example x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 2h 52 (cf. cmavo list mu'u, pixra)\r
812 murse glimmering x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 3e 8 [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)]; (cf. cerni, kandi, vanci)\r
813 murta mur mu'a curtain x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 5g 10 (cf. canko, vorme)\r
814 muslo mus Islamic x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 ac 11 [also Muslim]; (cf. jegvo, lijda)\r
815 mutce tce much x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 6k 311 [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely]; (cf. milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji)\r
816 muvdu muv mu'u move x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 2b 59 [also mobile (= comymu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. rinci, klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit), litru, cliva, fatri; dunda, benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent implied, bevri, vimcu)\r
817 muzga muz museum x1 is a museum for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3 ap 8 (cf. citri)\r
818 na nar bridi negator bridi contradictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo compounds 1d 0\r
819 na'e nal scalar contrary contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied 7x 0\r
820 nabmi nam problem x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 8c 30 [also: x1 requires consideration by x2]; (cf. preti, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda)\r
821 nakni nak male 'masculine' x1 is a male/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine 4b 31 (cf. fetsi, bersa)\r
822 nalci na'i wing x1 is a/the wing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral supporting surface] ai 13 (cf. cipni, pimlu, rebla)\r
823 namcu nac na'u number x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not the symbol 3a 35 (cf. lerfu, mekso, klani)\r
824 nanba nab bread x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2 5b 30 (cf. gurni, panlo, toknu)\r
825 nanca na'a year x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual 3e 110 [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti)\r
826 nandu nad difficult 'hard' x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 1i 54 (cf. frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa)\r
827 nanla boy 'lad' x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 4b 44 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa)\r
828 nanmu nau man x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult] 1k 332 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa)\r
829 nanvi nav 1E-9 metric 'nano' x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
830 narge nag nut x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 aj 0 [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)]; (cf. grute, stagi, jbari, midju)\r
831 narju naj orange x1 is orange [color adjective] 1a 31 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji)\r
832 natfe naf na'e deny x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 7a 1 [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradict/deny (= nafxu'a or tolxu'a)]; (cf. nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra)\r
833 natmi nat nai nation x1 is a nation/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture] ab 42 (cf. jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu)\r
834 navni neon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon] ag 4 [default neon] (cf. xukmi, gapci)\r
835 naxle nax xle canal x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4 ap 0 [x2/x3 may be unordered]; (cf. pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu)\r
836 nazbi naz zbi nose 'nasal' x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] 1c 11 [also (adjective:) nasal]; (cf. degji, panci, sumne, tance)\r
837 nejni nen energy x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3 a 6 [ray/beam (= nenli'i)]; (cf. marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla)\r
838 nelci nel nei fond 'likes' x1 is fond of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state) 2i 180 (cf. cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo)\r
839 nenri ner ne'i in 'inner' x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] 1e 298 [indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for containment that need not be total), jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, bartu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca)\r
840 ni nil amount abstract abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2 3b 0 (cf. klani)\r
841 nibli nib ni'i necessitate x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 6a 90 (cf. natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni'i, jalge, logji)\r
842 nicte cte night x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal 3e 58 [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)]; (cf. donri, djedi, tcika)\r
843 nikle nik nickel x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal resistant to oxidation 5e 6 (cf. jinme)\r
844 nilce ni'e furniture x1 [furniture items] furnishes x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3 an 1 (cf. ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru)\r
845 nimre citrus 'lime' x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. grute, slari, slami, xukmi)\r
846 ninmu nim ni'u woman 'women' x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult] 1k 130 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli)\r
847 nirna nir nerve x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection] aa 1 [also (adjective:) x1 is neural]; (cf. ve benji)\r
848 nitcu tcu need x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 3m 79 [no implication of lack]; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji)\r
849 nivji niv knit x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3 a 0 (cf. cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne)\r
850 nixli nix xli girl x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 4b 172 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu)\r
851 no non 0 digit/number: 0 (digit) 3a 0 [nothing (= nomei, but also nozu'i)]\r
852 no'e nor no'e scalar midpoint not midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really" 7x 0 (cf. nutli, midju, milxe, cmavo list na'e, to'e)\r
853 nobli nol no'i noble x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 a 47 [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]; (cf. banli)\r
854 notci not noi message 'note' x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 4i 78 [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)]; (cf. xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji)\r
855 nu nun event abstract abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi] 3b 0 (cf. fasnu)\r
856 nu'o nu'o can but has not modal aspect: can but has not; unrealized potential at 0 (cf. kakne)\r
857 nukni nuk magenta 'fuchsin' x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective] 1a 3 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu)\r
858 nupre nup nu'e promise x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] 9c 6 (cf. kajde, xusra)\r
859 nurma num rural x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country 6c 39 (cf. jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange)\r
860 nutli nul nu'i neutral x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 8g 0 [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)]; (cf. midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce, cmavo list no'e)\r
861 nuzba nuz news x1 (du'u) is news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4 4i 83 (cf. cnino, notci)\r
862 pa pav 1 digit/number: 1 (digit) 3a 0\r
863 pacna pa'a hope x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens 9d 60 [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to "li piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)]; (cf. djica)\r
864 pagbu pag pau part x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 7j 131 [partly (= selpau)]; (cf. cmavo list pa'u, mulno, xadba, spisa, gunma, rafsi)\r
865 pagre gre pass through x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 4d 60 [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]; (cf. bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, pluta, canko, ragve)\r
866 pajni pai judge x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) 2f 39 [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]; (cf. cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa)\r
867 palci pac evil x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2 2i 52 (cf. zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla)\r
868 palku pak pants x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2 3f 15 (cf. taxfu, pastu, skaci)\r
869 palne tray 'pan, platter' x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 5c 6 [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable]; (cf. tansi, patxu, palta, ckana)\r
870 palta plate 'platter' x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 5c 10 (cf. ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana)\r
871 pambe pump x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 a 0 [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci)\r
872 panci pan odor 'fragrance' x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 5c 17 [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer]; (cf. nazbi, sumne, cpina)\r
873 pandi pad punctuate x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 1h 2 (cf. lerfu, basna, denpa)\r
874 panje sponge x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material ah 3 [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese]; (cf. cokcu for a generalized absorbant)\r
875 panka park x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 ap 17 (cf. sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi)\r
876 panlo pa'o slice x1 is a slice [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass) 5c 6 (cf. nanba)\r
877 panpi pap peace x1 is at peace with x2 8g 33 (cf. jamna; use sarxe, smaji, tugni for most metaphorical extensions, cilce, jamna)\r
878 panra parallel x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 9b 11 [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]; (cf. cmavo list pa'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici)\r
879 pante pat protest x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 9c 12 (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) (cf. xarnu)\r
880 panzi paz offspring x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial 4b 23 (cf. grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu)\r
881 papri page 'paper' x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 1h 6 [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)]; (cf. karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska)\r
882 parbi pab ratio 'rate' x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] 7e 4 [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator]; (cf. frinu, dilcu, mekso)\r
883 pastu pas robe 'tunic' x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 3f 26 [also coveralls (= paspalku)]; (cf. kosta, taxfu, palku)\r
884 patfu paf pa'u father 'pop, padre' x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 93 (cf. mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, bersa, sovda)\r
885 patlu potato x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2 5b 7 (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber); (cf. genja, jalna, samcu)\r
886 patxu pax pot x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 ao 0 (cf. tansi, palne for depth; baktu, botpi for open/lidded)\r
887 pe'a pev figurative marks figurative usage (non-literal) speech/text as a rafsi at 0 [in figurative speech, metaphors may arbitrarily ignore omitted place structures]\r
888 pelji ple paper 'page' x1 is paper from source x2 1h 15 [sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)]; (cf. karni, papri, prina)\r
889 pelxu pel yellow x1 is yellow/golden [color adjective] 1a 32 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, narju, solji)\r
890 pemci pem poem x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 8b 103 [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga)\r
891 penbi peb pen x1 is a pen using ink x2 applied by process x3 1f 11 (cf. ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu)\r
892 pencu pec pe'u touch x1 (agent) touches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2] 1g 38 (cf. ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, satre, mosra, zgana)\r
893 pendo ped pe'o friend x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1 2i 90 (cf. bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi)\r
894 penmi pen pe'i meet x1 meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3 1g 125 (cf. jorne, jikca, pencu)\r
895 pensi pes pei think 'pensive' x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 3l 164 [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)]; (cf. cmavo list pe'i, jijnu, menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami)\r
896 perli per pear x1 is a pear [fruit] of species/strain x2 aj 6 (cf. grute)\r
897 pesxu pex paste x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 6f 3 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. marxa, kliti, tarla)\r
898 petso pet 1E15 metric 'peta' x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
899 pezli pez leaf x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2 5b 26 (cf. tricu, papri, spati)\r
900 pi piz decimal point digit/number: base point; default decimal 7e 0\r
901 pi'u piv cross product non-logical connective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets at 0\r
902 picti pic 1E-12 metric 'pico' x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
903 pijne pin x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 ao 2 (cf. jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci)\r
904 pikci beg 'supplicate' x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 9c 11 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] (cf. cpedu which is more general as to manner, pindi)\r
905 pikta ticket x1 is a ticket entitling x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x4 5g 22 (cf. jaspu)\r
906 pilji pi'i multiply 'multiply' x1 is the product/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 7e 1 (cf. mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge)\r
907 pilka pil pi'a crust 'peel' x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 9f 12 (cf. grute, calku, skapi (pilka as a general term includes skapi), gacri)\r
908 pilno pli use 'employ' x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 2e 174 [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, lejyplicu'a)]; (cf. tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, cmavo list pi'o, sazri, jibri)\r
909 pimlu pim pi'u feather 'plume' x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2 ai 1 (cf. cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi)\r
910 pinca urine 'piss' x1 is a/the urine/piss/pee of x2 aa 1 (cf. vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi)\r
911 pindi pid poor 'indigent' x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 a 24 [x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1]; (cf. ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci)\r
912 pinfu pif prisoner 'captive' x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 8e 2 (cf. zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce)\r
913 pinji penis x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 aa 2 [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)]; (cf. cinse, gletu, vibna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti)\r
914 pinka pik comment x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 8c 107 [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska)\r
915 pinsi pis pencil x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 1f 20 [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]; (cf. ciska, penbi (unlike the English equivalents, pinsi is the more general term over penbi), burcu, bakri)\r
916 pinta pin level 'horizontal' x1 is flat/level/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2 9b 8 (cf. sraji, plita, xutla)\r
917 pinxe pix drink x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 2j 39 (cf. cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje)\r
918 pipno pi'o piano x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument ak 8 (cf. zgike)\r
919 pixra pir xra picture x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 4d 51 [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/xraci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)]; (cf. ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, skina)\r
920 plana plump x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 6f 13 (cf. cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu)\r
921 platu pla plan 'plot' x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 8c 7 [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3]; (cf. cartu)\r
922 pleji lej le'i pay x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 8b 59 [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, posyvelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, lejyjbera)]; (cf. canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, dirba)\r
923 plibu pib pubic x1 is a/the pubic area/external genitalia [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla)\r
924 plini planet x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 am 16 (cf. lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje)\r
925 plipe pip pi'e leap x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 1g 54 [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]; (cf. bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti)\r
926 plise apple x1 is an apple [fruit] of species/strain x2 5b 8 (cf. grute)\r
927 plita pit plane x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] 9b 18 [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane); (cf. xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, boxfo, pinta)\r
928 plixa lix plow x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 ao 1 (cf. kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro)\r
929 pluja luj complicated 'complex' x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 6f 28 [also tangled, confused]; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena)\r
930 pluka puk pu'a pleasant x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3 9c 131 (cf. rigni, cmavo list pu'a, melbi, nelci, prami)\r
931 pluta lut lu'a route x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) 5d 309 [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre)\r
932 polje plo fold x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 a 0 [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]; (cf. korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna)\r
933 polno pol Polynesian x1 reflects Polynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. sralo, daplu, xamsi)\r
934 ponjo pon po'o Japanese 'Nippon' x1 reflects Japanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xazdo, daplu)\r
935 ponse pos po'e possess x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 5g 188 (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent); (cf. ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, turni, zivle)\r
936 porpi pop po'i break x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 4c 36 (cf. xrani, spofu, se katna)\r
937 porsi por poi sequence x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 7c 49 [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified); (cf. cmavo list po'i, lidne, liste, cmima)\r
938 porto pot Portuguese x1 reflects Portuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. brazo)\r
939 prali pal profit x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 8d 12 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle)\r
940 prami pam pa'i love x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) 9d 115 [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selpa'i for reordered places)]; (cf. cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni)\r
941 prane pa'e perfect x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) 7j 45 [also without defect/error]; (cf. manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno)\r
942 preja pej pe'a spread x1 spreads/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3 7j 2 (cf. tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, benji)\r
943 prenu pre person x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona 1k 632 (cf. nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi)\r
944 preti ret rei question 'query' x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 1h 149 (cf. nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu)\r
945 prije pij wise 'sage' x1 is wise/sage about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3 a 54 (cf. bebna)\r
946 prina pri print x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 a 5 (cf. cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna)\r
947 pritu right x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 55 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle)\r
948 prosa ros ro'a prose x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 8b 9 [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti)\r
949 pruce ruc ru'e process x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 8f 11 [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)]; (cf. cmavo list pu'e, farvi, tadji, grute, tcini)\r
950 pruni pun elastic 'springy' (adjective:) x1 is elastic/springy a 0 (cf. ckabu, tcena)\r
951 pruxi rux ru'i spirit x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal a 49 [also soul (= ruxse'i)]; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xadni)\r
952 pu'i pus can and has modal aspect: can and has; demonstrated potential at 0 (cf. kakne)\r
953 pu'u puv process abstract abstractor: process (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2 - (cf. pruce)\r
954 pulce puc pu'e dust 'pulverized' x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 a 22 (cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu)\r
955 pulji police x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 a 15 [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljysoi, as part of puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati)\r
956 pulni pulley x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3 ao 0 (cf. tutci, xislu, vraga)\r
957 punji puj pu'i put x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 1g 88 (cf. cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca)\r
958 punli pul swelling x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 9b 0 [(adjective:) x1 is swollen]; (cf. balji, cmana, plana)\r
959 purci pur pru past 'earlier' x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter 4a 59 [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fampru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mulpru)]; (cf. lidne, balvi, cabna, farna)\r
960 purdi pud garden x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 6c 17 [orchard (= ricpurdi)]; (cf. foldi, cange, panka)\r
961 purmo pum pu'o powder x1 is a powder of material x2 9f 0 [flour (= grupu'o, xripu'o)]; (cf. pulce, zalvi)\r
962 racli sane 'rational' x1 (action/activity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2 a 1 (cf. fenki)\r
963 ractu rabbit x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2 ai 28 (cf. mabru, kerlo)\r
964 radno ra'o radian x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 aj 0 [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] (cf. jganu, kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
965 rafsi raf affix x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 1b 219 (cf. valsi, lujvo, pagbu)\r
966 ragve rav across x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 3j 32 [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary]; (cf. dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, pagre)\r
967 rakso Iraqi x1 reflects Iraqi culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)\r
968 raktu ra'u trouble x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 4c 41 [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to x2, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]; (cf. dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka)\r
969 ralci rac delicate 'fragile' x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka) 7j 17 [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective]; (cf. jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte)\r
970 ralju ral principal x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) 8c 87 [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]; (cf. vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju)\r
971 ralte ra'e retain x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its possession 2b 15 (cf. cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, curmi)\r
972 randa rad yield 'surrender' x1 yields/gives way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 a 0 (cf. jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli)\r
973 rango rag organ x1 is a/the body organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3 aa 0 [also sweetmeat (= ragdja)] (cf. besna, livga)\r
974 ranji ra'i continue x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 9b 143 (cf. temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena)\r
975 ranmi ram myth x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 ac 13 [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures (= ramda'u) of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon; fairy tale (= veryranmi)]; (cf. lijda, lisri, crida)\r
976 ransu bronze x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze of composition including x2 ah 1 (cf. jinme, tunka, lastu)\r
977 ranti ran soft x1 is soft/malleable/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3 2g 24 (cf. ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu)\r
978 ranxi rax irony x1 is ironic(al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3 a 5 (cf. dukti, frica, cizra)\r
979 rapli rap repeat x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences 1h 32 [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)]; (cf. cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, xruti)\r
980 rarna rar natural x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s) 6c 31 (cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati)\r
981 ratcu rat x1 is a rat of species/breed x2 ai 51 (cf. smacu)\r
982 ratni rat atom x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 a 4 (cf. kantu for a basic unit of a property or activity; selci for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass)\r
983 re rel 2 digit/number: 2 (digit) 3a 0\r
984 rebla reb tail x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage] ai 9 (cf. nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca)\r
985 rectu rec re'u meat 'flesh' x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2 5b 30 (cf. sluji)\r
986 remna rem re'a human x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human 1k 219 (cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu)\r
987 renro rer re'o throw x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) 8h 53 (cf. cecla (more general term), danti)\r
988 renvi rev re'i survive x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 4c 21 [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable]; (cf. ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, temci)\r
989 respa res reptile x1 is a reptile of species/breed x2 ai 1 (cf. danlu, banfi, since)\r
990 ricfu rif cfu rich x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2 a 43 (cf. solji, banzu, dukse, pindi)\r
991 rigni rig disgusting 'repugnant' x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3 a 5 (cf. djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka)\r
992 rijno rij silver 'argent' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] 5e 32 (cf. solji)\r
993 rilti ril rhythm x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2 a 1 [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern]; (cf. damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna)\r
994 rimni rim rhyme x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) 8b 9 [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence]; (cf. pemci, sanga)\r
995 rinci drain x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 a 0 [x4 is usually gravity]; (cf. pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe)\r
996 rinju ri'u restrain x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) 3m 19 [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji)\r
997 rinka rik ri'a cause x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 6a 296 [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]; (cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti)\r
998 rinsa greet x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) 2n 40 (cf. friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo list coi, cmavo list co'o)\r
999 rirci rare x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) 6f 26 (x3 is complete specification of set); (cf. cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of these concepts)\r
1000 rirni rir parent 'rear' x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 4b 33 (cf. rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, bersa)\r
1001 rirxe ri'e river x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4 6c 71 (cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle)\r
1002 rismi ris rice x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2 5b 9 (cf. gurni)\r
1003 risna heart 'cardiac' x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral] aa 34 [(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional 'heart' (= cnise'i)]; (cf. pambe, ciblu)\r
1004 ritli ri'i rite x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 9a 24 [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs; (cf. lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, clite, junri)\r
1005 rivbi riv avoid 'evade' x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) a 36 [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro)\r
1006 ro rol each digit/number: each, all 3a 0\r
1007 roi rom roi quantified tense converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense at 0 (cf. rapli)\r
1008 rokci rok ro'i rock x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3 6c 143 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification];(cf. kunra, jemna, canre)\r
1009 romge rog chrome x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] ag 3 (cf. jinme)\r
1010 ropno ron ro'o European x1 reflects European culture/nationality/geography/Indo-European languages in aspect x2 ab 13 (cf. brito)\r
1011 rorci ror procreate x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3 4b 3 (cf. grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda)\r
1012 rotsu rot tsu ro'u thick 'stout' x1 is thick in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimension] 6f 9 [also stout]; (cf. barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, plana, gutci, minli)\r
1013 rozgu roz zgu rose x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 aj 10 [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e]; (cf. spati, xunre)\r
1014 ruble rub ble weak 'feeble' x1 is weak/feeble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3 7g 0 (cf. carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe)\r
1015 rufsu ruf rough x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity 6f 16 [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)]; (cf. xutla, tengu, vitci)\r
1016 runme rum melt 'runny' x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 a 2 [x1 runs (= rumfle)]; (cf. dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli)\r
1017 runta dissolve x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 a 16 [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pu'exre)]; (cf. litki, mixre, sligu, sudga)\r
1018 rupnu rup ru'u dollar 'ruble' x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 5e 59 [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (cf. jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)\r
1019 rusko ruk ru'o Russian x1 reflects Russian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. softo, slovo)\r
1020 rutni run artifact x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made 6c 19 (cf. rarna, se zbasu, gundi, slasi)\r
1021 sabji sab provide 'supply' x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] 3m 20 [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)]; (cf. krasi, sorcu)\r
1022 sabnu cabin x1 is a cabin of vehicle x2 a 0 (cf. bloti, marce, vinji, karce)\r
1023 sacki match x1 is a match [incendiary device] made of x2 a 0 (cf. fagri, jelca)\r
1024 saclu decimal x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) af 1 [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] (cf. namcu, frinu)\r
1025 sadjo djo Saudi x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)\r
1026 sakci sak suck x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 a 2 [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)]; (cf. cokcu, lacpu, flecu)\r
1027 sakli sal slide 'slip' x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 a 12 [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)]; (cf. mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla)\r
1028 sakta sat sugar 'sucrose' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 5b 7 [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (basysakta or sakybasti, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. silna, titla)\r
1029 salci sla celebrate x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 9c 22 [x3 (and nunsla) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)]; (cf. sinma, jbena)\r
1030 salpo sa'o slope x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 5d 47 [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear]; (cf. kurfa, tutci)\r
1031 salta salad x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2 5b 11 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. mixre, stasu)\r
1032 samcu cassava 'yam' x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 1a 2 (cf. patlu, genja, jalna)\r
1033 sampu sap simple x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka) 6f 24 (cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo)\r
1034 sance sna sound x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2 7j 37 [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)]; (cf. savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka)\r
1035 sanga sag sa'a sing x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 5g 0 [melody (= sagzgi, ralsagzgi), harmony (= saxsagzgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)]; (cf. pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu)\r
1036 sanji saj conscious x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) 6m 48 [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses]; (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna)\r
1037 sanli sa'i stand x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 1g 75 [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]; (cf. kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji)\r
1038 sanmi sai meal x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2 5c 84 [x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)]; (cf. barja, stasu, gusta, sanso)\r
1039 sanso sauce x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 5b 12 [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, stasu)\r
1040 santa umbrella x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 ao 4 (cf. carvi, solri)\r
1041 sarcu sa'u necessary x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 3m 57 [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition]; (cf. cmavo list sau, nitcu)\r
1042 sarji sra support x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 9a 109 [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'); (x2 is object/event)]; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu)\r
1043 sarlu spiral x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3 9b 3 (cf. klupe, korcu, tarmi)\r
1044 sarxe sax harmonious x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) a 2 (cf. satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini)\r
1045 saske ske science x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 8c 31 [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology]; (cf. datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, pensi, jimpe)\r
1046 satci exact 'precise' x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) 7e 55 (cf. sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu)\r
1047 satre sa'e stroke x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3 9c 34 [pet (= pamsa'e)]; (cf. mosra, pencu)\r
1048 savru sav vru noise 'clamor' x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 2g 72 (cf. sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu)\r
1049 sazri saz operate x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 8c 47 (cf. gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka)\r
1050 se sel 2nd conversion 2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places 2a 0\r
1051 sefta sfe surface x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 9b 37 [also x4 bounds]; (cf. crane, flira, plita, bliku)\r
1052 selci sle cell x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 4b 6 (x2 generally has mass nature); (cf. kantu for properties, activities; ratni, gradu)\r
1053 selfu sef se'u serve x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3 a 20 (cf. sidju, sarji, gunka)\r
1054 semto sme Semitic x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others]; (cf. xrabo)\r
1055 senci sec sneeze x1 sneezes (intransitive verb) a 0 (cf. bilma, kafke)\r
1056 senpi sen doubt 'skeptic' x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true 9d 30 [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti)\r
1057 senta set layer 'stratum' x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 9b 9 (cf. flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, serti)\r
1058 senva sev sne dream 'reverie' x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1 6m 16 [dream/reverie (= selsne)]; (cf. sipna, xanri)\r
1059 sepli sep sei apart 'separate' x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 6f 47 [also aloof (= jiksei); alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]; (cf. bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi)\r
1060 serti ser stairs x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 ao 71 (cf. stapa, loldi, senta)\r
1061 setca se'a insert x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 6f 37 [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni); also pour, inflate, stuff, fill]; (cf. rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu)\r
1062 sevzi sez se'i self x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-image of x2 7j 44 (cf. cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira)\r
1063 sfani fly x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2 6c 16 (cf. cinki, bifce)\r
1064 sfasa sfa punish 'spank, castigate' x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) a 2 [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty]; (cf. cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga)\r
1065 sfofa sfo sofa x1 is a sofa/couch (noun) an 9 (cf. nilce)\r
1066 sfubu sub su'u dive 'swoop' x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 a 4 (cf. farlu, farlu)\r
1067 si'o siz concept abstract abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi] - (cf. sidbo)\r
1068 siclu sil whistle x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2 a 18 (cf. sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, savru)\r
1069 sicni si'i coin 'specie' x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 5e 32 (cf. fepni, jdini, rupnu)\r
1070 sidbo sib si'o idea x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 9e 81 [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]; (cf. ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si'o)\r
1071 sidju dju help 'aid' x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 9c 90 (cf. cmavo list si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu)\r
1072 sigja sig cigar x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 a 0 (cf. danmo, jelca, tanko, marna)\r
1073 silka sik silk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk produced by x2 ah 2 (cf. curnu, bukpu, cilta)\r
1074 silna salt x1 is a portion/quantity of salt from source x2, of composition including x3 5b 18 (cf. sakta)\r
1075 simlu mlu seem x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 7j 89 [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]; (cf. catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco)\r
1076 simsa smi similar x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 7j 131 [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]; (cf. dunli, frica, mintu, panra, simlu, vrici)\r
1077 simxu sim si'u mutual x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) 7j 49 [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing x2 to each other]; (cf. kampu, mintu)\r
1078 since snake x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2 ai 257 (cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu)\r
1079 sinma si'a esteem x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] 9d 39 [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)]; (cf. banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgira)\r
1080 sinso sine x1 is the trigonometric sine of angle/arcsine x2 ar 2 (cf. tanjo)\r
1081 sinxa sni sign x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 7e 61 [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)]; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni)\r
1082 sipna sip sleep x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping 6m 145 (cf. senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji)\r
1083 sirji sir straight x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear 6f 13 (cf. korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe)\r
1084 sirxo six Syrian x1 reflects Syrian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xrabo)\r
1085 sisku sis seek x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) 8g 89 [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2]; (cf. cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, facki)\r
1086 sisti sti cease x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] 1g 117 (cf. fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba)\r
1087 sitna sit cite x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) 8b 0 (cf. krasi)\r
1088 sivni siv private x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden a 0 [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)]; (cf. gubni, mipri)\r
1089 skaci skirt x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged] 3f 12 [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist]; (cf. taxfu, palku)\r
1090 skami sam computer x1 is a computer for purpose x2 8c 69 (cf. kanji, minji, pensi)\r
1091 skapi kap pelt 'skin' x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2 9f 18 (cf. pilka, calku, kerfa)\r
1092 skari ska color x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 1a 30 [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]; (cf. blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi)\r
1093 skicu ski describe x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property) 7j 97 (cf. lisri, tavla)\r
1094 skiji sij ski x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 a 1 (cf. sakli, marce, cutci)\r
1095 skina kin cinema x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 5g 32 [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selxraci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]; (cf. tivni, vidni, pixra, finti)\r
1096 skori sko cord x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 9f 3 (cf. cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, linsi)\r
1097 skoto kot ko'o Scottish x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a fu'ivla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate fu'ivla for Irish]; (cf. brito, glico)\r
1098 skuro ku'o groove 'furrow' x1 is a groove/trench/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2 9b 36 (cf. plixa)\r
1099 slabu sau familiar x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 2c 130 [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]; (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not the opposite of citno, djuno)\r
1100 slaka syllable x1 is a syllable in language x2 1h 11 (cf. sance, valsi, bangu)\r
1101 slami acid x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic ah 0 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. slari, nimre)\r
1102 slanu cylinder x1 is a cylinder [shape/form] of material x2 9b 6 (cf. kamju, gunro)\r
1103 slari sar sour x1 is sour/tart to observer x2 6f 5 (cf. slami, titla, kurki, nimre)\r
1104 slasi las plastic x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2 6b 9 (cf. rutni, boxfo, bukpu)\r
1105 sligu lig solid x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 6b 17 [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. runta, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, jduli)\r
1106 slilu sli oscillate x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) ar 8 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]; (cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna)\r
1107 sliri sulfur x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic] ag 7 (cf. xukmi, panci, pelxu)\r
1108 slovo lov lo'o Slavic x1 reflects Slavic language/culture/ethos in aspect x2 ab 0 (cf. softo, rusko, vukro)\r
1109 sluji slu muscle x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] aa 5 [(adjective:) x1/x2/x3 is muscular (different senses)]; (cf. rectu, xadni, zajba)\r
1110 sluni onion x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2 5b 11 (cf. stagi)\r
1111 smacu mouse x1 is a mouse of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. ratcu)\r
1112 smadi guess 'surmise' x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] 3l 15 [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma)\r
1113 smaji sma quiet 'silent' x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 7j 52 (cf. kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna)\r
1114 smani monkey 'simian' x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. mabru, danlu)\r
1115 smoka smo sock x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2 3f 6 (cf. cutci, taxfu)\r
1116 smuci muc spoon x1 is a spoon/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3 5c 5 (cf. dakfu, forca, tutci)\r
1117 smuni mun smu meaning x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 3j 135 [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra)\r
1118 snada sad succeed 'accomplish' x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 8g 152 [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]; (cf. fliba, troci, jgira)\r
1119 snanu nan south x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 81 (cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna)\r
1120 snidu nid second x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3 3e 9 (cf. cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
1121 snime si'e snow x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of snow 4h 32 (cf. bratu, carvi, bisli)\r
1122 snipa nip sticky x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive a 2 [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky]; (cf. tarla, viknu)\r
1123 snuji nuj sandwich x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3 5b 9 (cf. midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri)\r
1124 snura nur nu'a secure x1 is secure/safe from threat x2 (event) 9a 34 (cf. ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu)\r
1125 snuti nut accidental x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident 4c 26 (cf. zukte, cunso)\r
1126 so soz 9 digit/number: 9 (digit) 3a 0\r
1127 so'a soj almost all digit/number: almost all (digit/number) 7e 0\r
1128 so'e sop most digit/number: most 7e 0\r
1129 so'i sor so'i many digit/number: many 3a 0\r
1130 so'o sos several digit/number: several 7e 0\r
1131 so'u sot few digit/number: few 7e 0\r
1132 sobde sob so'e soya x1 is a quantity of soya [grain/bean] of species/strain x2 aj 18 (cf. dembi, gurni)\r
1133 sodna sodium x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] ag 1 [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] (cf. jilka, jinme)\r
1134 sodva sod soda x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2 2j 17 [also: soft drink (though this sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]; (cf. jilka, jinme)\r
1135 softo sof Soviet x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR (Soviet]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 6 (cf. rusko, vukro, slovo)\r
1136 solji slo gold x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-reactive] ag 30 (cf. ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu)\r
1137 solri sol solar x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar am 66 ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds]; (cf. gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, santa, terdi, tarci)\r
1138 sombo som so'o sow x1 sows/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3 a 5 (cf. crepu, tsiju)\r
1139 sonci son soi soldier x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2 a 31 (cf. bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji)\r
1140 sorcu soc sro store x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 3m 23 [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that are not part of the store]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka)\r
1141 sorgu sog sorghum x1 is a quantity of sorghum of species/strain x2 aj 4 (cf. gurni)\r
1142 sovda sov so'a egg 'ovum' x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 5b 51 [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevyso'aseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]; (cf. ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju for shape, tarbi)\r
1143 spaji paj surprise x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 9d 22 [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= tepspaji)]; (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa)\r
1144 spali polish x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 a 7 (cf. mosra, sraku, xutla)\r
1145 spano san Spanish x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 2 [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)]; (cf. xispo, ketco, mexno, gento)\r
1146 spati spa plant x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 6c 68 [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]; (cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu)\r
1147 speni spe married 'spouse' x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 9a 92 (cf. prami, gletu)\r
1148 spisa spi piece x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] 7j 21 (cf. pagbu)\r
1149 spita hospital x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 4c 20 [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)]; (cf. bilma, mikce)\r
1150 spofu pof po'u broken x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 4c 12 [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpo'uja'e)]; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre)\r
1151 spoja poj po'a explode x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 a 20 (cf. cecla, jakne, jbama)\r
1152 spuda spu reply 'respond' x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 1h 67 [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing];(cf. cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, cpedu)\r
1153 sputu put pu'u spit x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 aa 8 [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)]; (cf. jetce, kafke, vamtu)\r
1154 sraji raj vertical 'upright' x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 9b 5 (cf. sanli, pinta)\r
1155 sraku rak scratch x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 a 1 (cf. guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa (unlike kakpa, sraku does not imply material is removed), spali)\r
1156 sralo Australian x1 reflects Australian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2 ab 5 (cf. glico)\r
1157 srana ra'a pertain 'concerns' x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 7j 36 [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2]; (cf. cmavo list ra'a, ckini, ponse, steci)\r
1158 srasu sas grass x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 6c 47 [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)]; (cf. spati)\r
1159 srera sre err x1 errs in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4 1h 40 (cf. drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba)\r
1160 srito Sanskrit x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xindo, xurdo)\r
1161 sruma ru'a assume x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] 3l 5 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. smadi, birti)\r
1162 sruri rur sru surround x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 7j 12 [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]; (cf. karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine)\r
1163 stace sac honest x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 9c 0 [also straight, straight-forward]; (cf. tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri)\r
1164 stagi vegetable 'stalky' x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable 5b 7 [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)]; (cf. grute, kobli, narge, sluni, spati, sunga, tamca)\r
1165 staku tak ceramic x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 ah 1 [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. kliti)\r
1166 stali sta remain 'stay' x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 4d 53 (cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi)\r
1167 stani stalk x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] aj 15 (cf. tuple, mudri)\r
1168 stapa tap step x1 steps/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3 a 20 (cf. bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti)\r
1169 stasu soup 'stew' x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2 5b 26 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso)\r
1170 stati talent x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2 a 13 (cf. jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne)\r
1171 steba seb frustration x1 feels frustration about x2 (abstraction) 9d 19 (cf. cinmo)\r
1172 steci tec te'i specific 'special' x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) 7j 39 [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a, also cf. cmavo list po'e, [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)]; (cf. srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra)\r
1173 stedu sed head x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion] 1c 40 [skull (= sedbo'u)]; (cf. drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, mapku)\r
1174 stela tel lock x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 ao 17 (cf. ckiku)\r
1175 stero te'o steradian x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 af 2 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
1176 stici sic west x1 is to the west/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 146 (cf. stuna, berti, snanu, farna)\r
1177 stidi sid ti'i suggest x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 8c 38 [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)]; (cf. cmavo list ti'i, tcica, xlura)\r
1178 stika tik adjust x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 a 15 [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)]; (cf. cenba which need not be causal, galfi which is causal and resultative, binxo which need not be causal but is resultative, zasni, stodi)\r
1179 stizu tiz chair 'stool' x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting 1f 155 (cf. nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana)\r
1180 stodi sto constant 'stable' x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 7e 9 [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady]; (cf. cenba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari)\r
1181 stuna sun east x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 101 (cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna)\r
1182 stura tur su'a structure x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] a 14 (x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna)\r
1183 stuzi tuz stu site 'position' x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) 5d 101 [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location]; (cf. cmavo list tu'i, jmive, diklo, zvati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali)\r
1184 su'e sup su'e at most digit/number: at most (all); no more than 3a 0\r
1185 su'o suz su'o at least digit/number: at least (some); no less than 3a 0 (cf. cmalu, mleca)\r
1186 su'u suv unspecif abstract abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2 - (cf. sucta)\r
1187 sucta suc abstract x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 9e 5 (cf. fatci, xanri)\r
1188 sudga sud dry x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid 6f 71 (cf. cilmo, litki, runta)\r
1189 sufti sfu hoof x1 is a/the hoof [body-part] of x2 ai 0 (cf. xirma)\r
1190 suksa suk sudden x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 7j 55 [also abrupt, discontinuous]; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile)\r
1191 sumji suj sum x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 7e 8 (cf. jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji)\r
1192 sumne smell x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 6m 35 (cf. nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana)\r
1193 sumti sum su'i argument x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) 1b2373 (x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu)\r
1194 sunga sug garlic x1 is a quantity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2 aj 13 (cf. stagi)\r
1195 sunla sul wool x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of wool [tight curly hair] from animal/species/source x2 ai 3 (cf. kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, kerfa)\r
1196 surla sur relax x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) 9c 34 (cf. dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta)\r
1197 sutra sut fast 'swift' x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) 4f 142 (cf. masno)\r
1198 ta taz that there pro-sumti: that there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener 1d 0\r
1199 tabno tab carbon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic ag 1 (cf. kolme)\r
1200 tabra trumpet 'brass' x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] ak 1 (cf. zgike)\r
1201 tadji method x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 8f 37 [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]; (cf. ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list tai)\r
1202 tadni tad study x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly 1h 115 (cf. ckule, cilre, ctuca)\r
1203 tagji tag snug 'tight' x1 is snug/tight on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4 3f 27 (cf. trati, jarki, kluza, rinju)\r
1204 talsa tal challenge x1 (person) challenges x2 at/in property x3 8g 1 (cf. jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu for a challenging event/situation)\r
1205 tamca tomato x1 is a tomato [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute, stagi)\r
1206 tamji taj thumb x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] 1c 10 [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)]; (cf. degji, tance, xance, jamfu)\r
1207 tamne cousin x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] 4b 2 [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] (cf. dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba)\r
1208 tanbo ta'o board x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 ao 1 (cf. bliku, kubli)\r
1209 tance tac tongue x1 is a/the tongue [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji) aa 17 [(adjective:) x1 is lingual]; (cf. moklu, bangu, nazbi, tamji, degji)\r
1210 tanjo tangent x1 is the trigonometric tangent of angle/arctangent x2 ar 7 (cf. sinso)\r
1211 tanko tobacco x1 is a quantity of tobacco [leaf] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. sigja, marna)\r
1212 tanru tau phrase compound x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance x5 1b 776 (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) (cf. gismu, smuni)\r
1213 tansi tas pan x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 ao 0 [also bowl]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi)\r
1214 tanxe tax ta'e box 'trunk' x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 1f 40 (cf. bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru)\r
1215 tapla tile x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 9b 1 [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, lijyclupa - a loop composed of lines)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, matci; karda, for which the 3rd dimension is insignificant, bliku, kurfa, matci, plita, tarmi)\r
1216 tarbi embryo x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3 a 10 (cf. gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute)\r
1217 tarci tar star x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2 am 28 (cf. solri, tsani)\r
1218 tarla tar x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tar/asphalt from source x2 ah 1 (cf. kolme, pesxu, snipa)\r
1219 tarmi tam tai shape 'form' x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) 9b 91 [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. nejni, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, sarlu)\r
1220 tarti tra behave x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 9c 30 [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]; (cf. cnano, frati, tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde)\r
1221 taske thirst x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2 2j 8 (cf. nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe)\r
1222 tatpi ta'i tired x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest 4c 41 (cf. cikna, sipna, surla)\r
1223 tatru tat breast 'teat' x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] aa 1 [nipple (= tatyji'o)]; (cf. ladru, mabru)\r
1224 tavla tav ta'a talk 'palaver' x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 1h 338 [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)]; (cf. bacru, cusku for actual expression, casnu, darlu, skicu, ciksi, bangu)\r
1225 taxfu taf ta'u garment x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 3f 76 [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)]; (cf. creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe)\r
1226 tcaci cac custom 'habit' x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 7j 20 [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice]; (cf. fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri)\r
1227 tcadu tca city 'town' x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 4d 68 [also (adjective:) x1 is urban]; (cf. jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu)\r
1228 tcana station x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2 a 0 [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system]; (cf. dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fonxa, dikca, fatri)\r
1229 tcati tea x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2 2j 19 (cf. ckafi)\r
1230 tcena ten stretch x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 9b 23 (cf. kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati)\r
1231 tcica tic deceive 'cheat, trick' x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) a 36 [agentive deception (= ticygau, ticyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= malticyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sezytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth/lie/fib (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]; (cf. stace, xlura, stidi, kajde)\r
1232 tcidu tid read x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader 1h 92 (cf. ciska, cukta, karni)\r
1233 tcika time of day x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 3e 50 [also o'clock, time-of-day]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list ti'u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca)\r
1234 tcila til detail x1 is a detail/feature/particular of x2 8f 28 (cf. diklo, steci)\r
1235 tcima tim ti'a weather 'climate' x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological 4h 23 [climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)]; (cf. brife, bumru, carvi, dilnu, bratu)\r
1236 tcini situation 'state' x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 8c 58 [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]; (cf. stuzi, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, zasni)\r
1237 tcita label 'tag' x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3 4d 219 (cf. sinxa, cmene, judri)\r
1238 te ter 3rd conversion 3rd conversion; switch 1st/3rd places 2a 0\r
1239 temci tem tei time x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 3e 66 [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)]; (cf. cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi)\r
1240 tenfa tef exponential x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3 ar 1 (cf. dugri)\r
1241 tengu teg te'u texture x1 (property-ka) is a texture of x2 6f 3 (cf. rufsu, xutla)\r
1242 terdi ted earth 'terrestrial' x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound am 111 (cf. lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu for ground, dirt, except when used to express physical relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, the ground beneath us], tsani)\r
1243 terpa tep te'a fear 'terror' x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) 4c 72 [also: x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)]; (cf. snura, xalni, xanka, virnu)\r
1244 terto tet 1E12 metric 'tera' x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
1245 ti tif this here pro-sumti: this here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker 1d 0\r
1246 tigni tig perform x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 5g 36 (cf. jarco)\r
1247 tikpa tip kick x1 kicks [hits with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4 2b 15 (cf. tunta, darxi)\r
1248 tilju tij heavy 'weighty' x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2 9b 22 (cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta)\r
1249 tinbe tib obey x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient a 13 (cf. minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri)\r
1250 tinci tin x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal] ag 1 (cf. gunma, lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme)\r
1251 tinsa stiff x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 6f 2 [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity]; (cf. bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi)\r
1252 tirna tin hear x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural 6m 75 (cf. kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana)\r
1253 tirse tir iron x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishing] ag 5 [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous]; (cf. jinme, gasta, molki)\r
1254 tirxu tiger x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 ai 0 [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings]; (cf. mlatu)\r
1255 tisna tis fill 'stuff' x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 6f 35 [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacyse'a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse'a)]; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca)\r
1256 titla tit sweet x1 is sweet/sugary/saccharine to observer x2 5c 23 (cf. sakta, slari, kurki)\r
1257 tivni tiv television x1 broadcasts/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 a 17 [also x1 is a broadcaster; x2 programming (mass), program/show (ind.)]; (cf. cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana)\r
1258 tixnu tix ti'u daughter x1 is a daughter of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 23 (cf. bersa, panzi)\r
1259 to'e tol to'e polar opposite polar opposite scalar negator 7x 0 (cf. dukti, natfe, cmavo list na'e, no'e)\r
1260 toknu tok oven x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 5c 31 (cf. nanba)\r
1261 toldi tod butterfly x1 is a butterfly/moth of species/breed x2 ai 13 (cf. cinki)\r
1262 tonga tog to'a tone x1 is a tone/note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3 a 0 (cf. rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu)\r
1263 tordu tor to'u short x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 9b 31 (cf. cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani)\r
1264 torni ton to'i twist 'torsion' x1 twists under load/force/torsion x2 a 42 (cf. tinsa, trati)\r
1265 traji rai superlative 'extreme' x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 6k 166 [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 end of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3]; (cf. cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than with mleca and zmadu, which are values for x3, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane)\r
1266 trano nitrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates ag 1 [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous]; (cf. vacri)\r
1267 trati taut x1 is taut/tense/strained tight in direction x2 a 11 (cf. tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza)\r
1268 trene ren re'e train x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 7f 1 [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)]; (cf. tcana)\r
1269 tricu ric tree x1 is a tree of species/cultivar x2 6c 93 (cf. cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati)\r
1270 trina tri attract x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) 7j 45 [also: x1 is alluring to x2]; (cf. djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi)\r
1271 trixe rix ti'e behind x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 29 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle)\r
1272 troci toc toi try x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 2n 301 [also experiments at]; (cf. fliba, snada, cipra)\r
1273 tsali tsa strong x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 7g 42 (cf. ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa)\r
1274 tsani tan sky x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] 4h 88 (cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi)\r
1275 tsapi seasoning x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) 5b 4 [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)]; (cf. vrusi)\r
1276 tsiju tsi seed x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 5b 135 [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] (cf. tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati, sovda)\r
1277 tsina sin stage x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 5g 0 (x3 object/event); (cf. greku, jubme)\r
1278 tu tuf that yonder pro-sumti: that yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker & listener 1d 0\r
1279 tubnu tu'u tube x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 9b 28 [also tube, sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular]; (cf. kevna, canlu)\r
1280 tugni tug tu'i agree x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 9c 54 (cf. sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji)\r
1281 tujli tuj tulip x1 is a tulip (defined by flower shape) of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. spati)\r
1282 tumla tum tu'a land x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain 8d 12 (cf. vacri, xamsi; tutra, which need not be land, gugde, xamsi)\r
1283 tunba tub sibling x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3 4b 5 (cf. bruna, mensi, tamne)\r
1284 tunka tuk copper x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor] 5e 4 (cf. jinme, lastu, ransu)\r
1285 tunlo tul tu'o swallow x1 gulps/swallows 5c 2 [x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre]; (cf. citka, pinxe, galxe)\r
1286 tunta tun poke 'stab' x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) a 1 [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)]; (cf. balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, katna, tikpa)\r
1287 tuple tup tu'e leg x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] 1c 71 (cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli)\r
1288 turni tru govern x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 ab 113 [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]; (cf. catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro)\r
1289 tutci tci tool x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] 7g 13 (cf. cabra, minji, se pilno, zukte, sazri, basic tool types: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga; utensils: forca, smuci, dakfu; specifics: balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, pilno, vraga)\r
1290 tutra tut territory x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 ab 4 (cf. catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, steci, tumla)\r
1291 va vaz there at location tense distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ... 4a 0\r
1292 vacri var air x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3 5g 30 (cf. gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi)\r
1293 vajni vaj vai important 'significant' x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) 8c 87 [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3]; (cf. banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni)\r
1294 valsi val vla word x1 is a word meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) 1b 183 (cf. slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni)\r
1295 vamji vam va'i value x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 8d 15 [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyva'i, posyselva'i for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, kargu, pleji; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, vajni)\r
1296 vamtu vat vomit x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion a 1 (x2 is non-gaseous); (cf. rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu)\r
1297 vanbi vab environment 'ambient' x1 (ind./mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 5d 33 [(adjective:) x1 is ambient]; (cf. cmavo list va'o, sruri, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini)\r
1298 vanci vac evening x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3 3e 60 [this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)]; (cf. cerni, murse, tcika)\r
1299 vanju van wine x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes x2 2j 21 (cf. barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra)\r
1300 vasru vas vau contain 'vessel' x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 4d 71 [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]; (cf. bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka)\r
1301 vasxu vax va'u breathe 'vascular' x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas] 4d 25 (though used to make the Lojban word, clue word vascular is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues); (cf. fepri, kijno, vacri)\r
1302 ve vel 4th conversion 4th conversion; switch 1st/4th places 2a 0\r
1303 ve'e ve'e whole space interval location tense interval: the whole of space (rafsi is used to represent any space interval) at 0\r
1304 vecnu ven ve'u sell 'vend' x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 8c 48 [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyve'u, posyselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu)\r
1305 venfu vef revenge 'avenge' x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) a 22 [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]; (cf. sfasa, cnemu)\r
1306 vensa ves spring 'vernal' x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal 3e 30 (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, dunra)\r
1307 verba ver ve'a child x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 4b 74 [not necessarily human]; (cf. cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa)\r
1308 vi viz here at location tense distance: here at ... ; at, near, or a very short/tiny distance from ... 4a 0 (cf. stuzi, zvati, jibni)\r
1309 vibna vib vagina x1 is a/the vagina [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vlagi, mabla)\r
1310 vidni video x1 is a video monitor/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2 ao 18 (cf. skina, ve tivni)\r
1311 vidru vir virus x1 is a virus of species/breed/defining property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3 ai 2 (cf. jurme)\r
1312 vifne vif fresh (adjective:) x1 is fresh/unspoiled 5c 20 (cf. fusra)\r
1313 vikmi vim vi'i excrete x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4 aa 43 (cf. cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne)\r
1314 viknu vik viscous 'thick' x1 is thick/viscous under conditions x2 6f 7 (cf. denmi, snipa)\r
1315 vimcu vic vi'u remove x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 7e 43 [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]; (cf. lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika)\r
1316 vindu vid poison 'venom' x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2 a 2 (cf. since)\r
1317 vinji vij airplane x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 7f 1 (cf. vofli, sabnu)\r
1318 vipsi vip deputy 'vice' x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 a 7 [also assistant, adjutant]; (cf. krati, sidju)\r
1319 virnu vri brave 'valiant, virtue' x1 is brave/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3 4c 46 (cf. terpa, darsi)\r
1320 viska vis vi'a see 'vision' x1 sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 6m 317 [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]; (cf. catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse)\r
1321 vitci vit irregular 'intermittent' x1 is irregular/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2 9b 6 (cf. ranji, rufsu, suksa)\r
1322 vitke vi'e guest 'visit' x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3 4d 95 (cf. friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati)\r
1323 vitno vi'o permanent 'eternal' x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] 7j 5 [also everlasting]; (cf. stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, stali)\r
1324 vlagi lag vulva x1 is a/the vulva [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, mabla)\r
1325 vlile vil violent x1 is an event/state/act of violence 8g 27 (cf. suksa, jursa)\r
1326 vlina alternation x1 is a logical alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true 7a 7 (cf. kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi'a, gu'a)\r
1327 vlipa vli powerful x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 7g 35 [also potent, has control/mastery]; (cf. tsali, jitro, ruble)\r
1328 vo von 4 digit/number: 4 (digit) 3a 0\r
1329 vofli vol voi flight 'fly' x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 7f 27 (cf. cipni, klama, vinji)\r
1330 voksa vok vo'a voice x1 is a voice/speech sound of individual x2 9a 134 (cf. sance, tirna, bacru)\r
1331 vorme vor vro door x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 2k 113 [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]; (cf. canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe)\r
1332 vraga vra lever x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4 a 4 (cf. tutci, pulni)\r
1333 vreji rej vei record x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4 8c 4 (cf. sorcu, datni, papri)\r
1334 vreta vre reclining 'rest' x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 an 68 (cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni)\r
1335 vrici miscellaneous 'various' x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka) 6f 46 (cf. klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra)\r
1336 vrude vud vu'e virtue x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 2i 12 [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)]; (cf. palci, xamgu, marde, zabna)\r
1337 vrusi vus vu'i taste 'flavor' x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 6m 5 [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i); vrusi may overlap the senses of taste and smell, since the latter is a significant component of taste]; (cf. kukte, tsapi, cpina)\r
1338 vu vuz yonder at location tense distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ... 4a 0 (cf. darno, cmavo list vi, va)\r
1339 vukro vur vu'o Ukrainian x1 reflects Ukrainian language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 0 (cf. slovo, softo)\r
1340 xa xav 6 digit/number: 6 (digit) 3a 0\r
1341 xabju xa'u dwell 'inhabit' x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 4d 130 (cf. ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke)\r
1342 xadba xab half x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3 7e 12 (cf. mulno, pagbu)\r
1343 xadni xad body x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal 1c 80 (cf. menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne)\r
1344 xagji hunger x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2 2j 48 (cf. cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske)\r
1345 xagri reed x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 ak 1 (cf. zgike)\r
1346 xajmi xam funny 'comic' x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 5g 32 [also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising); (cf. bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile)\r
1347 xaksu xak use up x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] a 31 [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)]; (cf. citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe)\r
1348 xalbo levity 'frivolous' x1 uses levity/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction) a 18 (cf. junri, linto)\r
1349 xalka xal alcohol x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3 ah 1 (cf. birje, jikru, vanju)\r
1350 xalni panic x1 (person) is panicked by crisis x2 (event/state) a 16 (cf. ckape, snura, terpa, xanka)\r
1351 xamgu xag xau good x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 2i 226 [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru)]; (cf. melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna)\r
1352 xampo xap xa'o ampere x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. dikca, flecu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
1353 xamsi xas sea x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine 6c 45 [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)]; (cf. daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru)\r
1354 xance xan xa'e hand x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo] 1c 106 [(adjective:) x1 is manual]; (cf. birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji)\r
1355 xanka nervous 'anxious' x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3 9d 24 (cf. xalni, terpa, raktu)\r
1356 xanri xar imaginary 'unreal' x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 3j 10 [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist]; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo)\r
1357 xanto elephant x1 is an elephant of species/breed x2 ai 16 (cf. mabru, barda)\r
1358 xarci xac xa'i weapon 'arms' x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3 a 15 [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)]; (cf. jenmi, sonci, catra)\r
1359 xarju xaj pig 'hog' x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 ai 1 [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)]; (cf. mabru, cange)\r
1360 xarnu stubborn x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) a 1 [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance]; (cf. tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro)\r
1361 xasli donkey 'ass' x1 is a donkey/jackass of species/breed x2 ai 35 (cf. xirma, kumte)\r
1362 xasne sweat x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3 aa 4 (cf. pinca, vikmi, cigla)\r
1363 xatra xa'a letter x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 4i 76 (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject'; ciska, mrilu, papri)\r
1364 xatsi xat 1E-18 metric 'atto' x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
1365 xazdo xaz zdo Asiatic x1 reflects Asiatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. polno, friko, jungo, rusko, ropno)\r
1366 xe xel 5th conversion 5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places 2a 0\r
1367 xebni xen xei hate x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1 2i 55 [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)]; (cf. djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci)\r
1368 xebro xeb bro Hebrew x1 reflects Hebrew/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. filso)\r
1369 xecto xet cto 100 metric 'hecto' x1 is a hundred [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 6 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti, zetro)\r
1370 xedja xej xe'a jaw x1 is a/the jaw [body-part] of x2 1c 17 (cf. stedu)\r
1371 xekri xek xe'i black x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective] 1a 47 (cf. blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)\r
1372 xelso xes Greek 'Hellas' x1 reflects Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 40 (cf. latmo, ropno)\r
1373 xendo xed xe'o kind x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3 9c 23 (cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru)\r
1374 xenru xer xe'u regret 'rue' x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 4c 25 [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)]; (cf. cmavo list .u'u, zungi)\r
1375 xexso xex 1E18 metric 'exa' x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, zepti, zetro)\r
1376 xindo xin Hindi x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2 ab 12 [defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)]; (cf. srito, xurdo, bengo)\r
1377 xinmo xim ink x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3 ao 0 (cf. penbi)\r
1378 xirma xir xi'a horse x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 ai 29 [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian]; (cf. sufti, xasli, kumte)\r
1379 xislu xil xi'u wheel x1 is a wheel [tool] of device/vehicle x2, made of materials/having properties x3 a 6 (cf. carce, karce, pulni, tutci)\r
1380 xispo xip Hispanic x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 ab 2 [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana]; (cf. merko, mexno, spano, ketco, bemro, gento)\r
1381 xlali xla bad 'mal-' x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 2i 95 [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)]; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri)\r
1382 xlura xlu influence 'lure' x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 7j 24 [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states); (cf. djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi)\r
1383 xotli xol xoi hotel x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3 7f 0 (cf. barja, gusta)\r
1384 xrabo rab Arabic x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. sadjo, semto, lubno, rakso, sirxo)\r
1385 xrani xai injure 'hurt' x1 (event) injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state) 4c 82 [also hurts]; (cf. cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi)\r
1386 xriso xis xi'o Christian x1 pertains to the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ac 16 (cf. jegvo, lijda)\r
1387 xruba xub buckwheat 'rhubarb' x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. spati)\r
1388 xruki xuk turkey x1 is a turkey [food/bird] of species/breed x2 ai 9 (cf. cipni)\r
1389 xrula rul flower x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral aj 27 (cf. spati)\r
1390 xruti xru return x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 7f 49 [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)]; (cf. benji, krefu, rapli, rinka)\r
1391 xukmi xum xu'i chemical x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 ah 2 (cf. curve, cidro, marna, nimre)\r
1392 xunre xun xu'e red x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] 1a 86 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu)\r
1393 xurdo xur xu'o Urdu x1 reflects Urdu language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. kisto, srito, xindo)\r
1394 xusra xus xu'a assert x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] 3j 91 [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre)\r
1395 xutla xul smooth x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity 6f 4 (cf. plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, sakli, spali)\r
1396 za'i zaz state abstract abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true - (cf. zasni, zasti, tcini)\r
1397 za'o za'o superfective interval event contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective | ----> at 0 (cf. dukse)\r
1398 zabna zan za'a favorable x1 is a favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3 3d 46 (cf. funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude)\r
1399 zajba zaj gymnast x1 is a gymnast at/performs gymnastics feat x2 a 0 (cf. sluji, dansu)\r
1400 zalvi zal grind 'pulverize' x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 a 1 [may need mosra tanru]; (cf. daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, molki)\r
1401 zanru zar zau approve x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) 8d 62 (cf. cmavo list zau, natfe)\r
1402 zarci zac zai market 'mart' x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 3m 290 [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]; (cf. vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa)\r
1403 zargu zag za'u buttock 'arse' x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] aa 0 [also ass, behind, butt]; (cf. ganxo, mabla)\r
1404 zasni zas temporary 'transient' x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 7j 6 [also transient]; (cf. vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo, stika, stali, tcini, vitke)\r
1405 zasti zat za'i exist x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 3j 104 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]; (cf. fatci, xanri)\r
1406 zbabu bab soap x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of soap from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 5 (cf. lumci, fonmo)\r
1407 zbani bay x1 is a bay in/of coast/shoreline x2 6c 6 (cf. lalxu, xamsi)\r
1408 zbasu zba make x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 7f 217 [should not be used to express causation]; (cf. cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi)\r
1409 zbepi zbe pedestal 'base' x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 a 1 [pallet (= lafyzbe)]; (cf. jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli)\r
1410 zdani zda nest 'den' x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2 4d 280 [home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)]; (cf. dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju)\r
1411 zdile zdi amusing 'amused' x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 5g 79 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for 'funny', kelci)\r
1412 ze zel 7 digit/number: 7 (digit) 3a 0\r
1413 ze'e ze'e whole time interval time tense interval: the whole of time (rafsi is used to represent any time interval) at 0\r
1414 ze'o zev ze'o outward location tense relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ... at 0\r
1415 zekri zer zei crime x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 8d 24 [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)]; (cf. flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe)\r
1416 zenba zen ze'a increase 'augment' x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 a 35 (cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina)\r
1417 zepti zep 1E-21 'zepto' x1 is 1x10**-21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zetro)\r
1418 zetro zet 1E21 'zetta' x1 is 1x10**21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti)\r
1419 zgana zga observe x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 6m 189 [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu)\r
1420 zgike zgi gi'e music x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) 5g 55 [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sagzgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= finzgi)]; (cf. damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu)\r
1421 zi'o zil nonexistent it pro-sumti: fills a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes selbri semantics \r
1422 zifre zif zi'e free x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 8e 21 [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili)\r
1423 zinki zin zi'i zinc x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of zinc (Zn); [metaphor: hard metal] ag 2 (cf. jinme)\r
1424 zirpu zir zi'u purple x1 is purple/violet [color adjective] 1a 6 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xunre)\r
1425 zivle ziv vle invest x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) 8d 4 [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)]; (cf. prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse)\r
1426 zmadu zma mau more x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 6k 248 [also positive (= nonmau)]; (cf. cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji)\r
1427 zmiku zmi automatic x1 is automatic in function x2 under conditions x3 7g 1 (cf. macnu)\r
1428 zo'a zon zo'a tangential to location tense relation/direction; tangential to/passing by ... at 0 (cf. pencu, tanjo)\r
1429 zo'i zor zo'i inward location tense relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ... at 0 (cf. nenri, setca)\r
1430 zu'o zum activity abstract abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2 - (cf. zukte)\r
1431 zukte zuk zu'e act x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 2e 148 [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]; (cf. cmavo list zu'e, bapli, gunka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci)\r
1432 zumri zmu maize x1 is a quantity of maize/corn [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 8 (cf. gurni)\r
1433 zungi zug guilt x1 feels guilt/remorse about x2 (abstraction) 9d 1 (cf. cmavo list .u'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri)\r
1434 zunle zul left x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 38 [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list zu'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna)\r
1435 zunti zun zu'i interfere 'hinder' x1 (evt./state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) a 39 [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo)\r
1436 zutse zut tse sit x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2 1g 178 (cf. stizu, cpana, vreta)\r
1437 zvati zva at x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location) 4d 184 [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile]; (cf. especially stuzi for an inherent/inalienable location, jbini, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, jundi, vitke)\r