- Kai Germaschewski: ymfpci cleanups and resource leak fixes
[davej-history.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
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1 July 2000                 Kernel Parameters                     v2.4.0
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order (defined      
6 as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a case
7 insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description state the
10 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
11 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
13         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
14         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
15         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
16         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
17         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
18         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled. 
19         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled. 
20         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
21         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
22         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
23         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
24         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
25         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
26         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
27         LP      Printer support is enabled.
28         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
29         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled. 
30         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
31         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
32         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
33         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
34         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
35         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
36         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
37         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
38         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
39         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
40         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
41         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
42         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
43         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
44         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
45         SOUND   Appropriate sound system support is enabled.
46         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
47         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
48         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
50 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
52         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
53         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
54         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
56 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
57 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
59 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
60 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
61 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
62 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
63 running once the system is up.
65         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers.
67         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 
69         ad1816=         [HW,SOUND]
71         ad1848=         [HW,SOUND]
73         adb_buttons=    [HW,MOUSE]
75         adlib=          [HW,SOUND]
77         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
79         aedsp16=        [HW,SOUND]
81         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
83         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
85         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
87         AM53C974=       [HW,SCSI]
89         amijoy=         [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support 
91         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management.
93         applicom=       [HW]
95         arcrimi=        [HW,NET]
97         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
99         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse.
101         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI.
103         awe=            [HW,SOUND]
105         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztec CD driver.
107         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
109         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem.
111         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Full
112                         Duplex Mode.
114         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Half
115                         Duplex Mode.
117         bmouse=         [HW,MOUSE,PS2] Bus mouse.
119         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
121         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
123         chandev=        [HW,NET] 
125         cm206=          [HW,CD]
127         com20020=       [HW,NET]
129         com90io=        [HW,NET]
131         com90xx=        [HW,NET]
133         condev=         [HW]
135         console=        [KNL] output console + comm spec (speed, control,
136                         parity).
138         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
140         cs4232=         [HW,SOUND]
142         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
144         ctc=            [HW,NET]
146         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
148         dasd=           [HW,NET]    
150         db9=            [HW,JOY]
152         db9_2=          [HW,JOY]
154         db9_3=          [HW,JOY]
156         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
158         decnet=         [HW,NET]
160         devfs=          [DEVFS]
162         digi=           [HW,SERIAL] io parameters + enable/disable command.
164         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
166         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
167                         support available.
169         dmasound=       [HW,SOUND] (sound subsystem buffers).
171         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
173         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
175         eda=            [HW,PS2]
177         edb=            [HW,PS2]
179         eicon=          [HW,ISDN] 
181         es1370=         [HW,SOUND]
183         es1371=         [HW,SOUND]
185         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters (iomem, irq,
186                         dev_name).
188         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
190         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
192         floppy=         [HW]
194         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
196         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
198         gc=             [HW,JOY]
200         gc_2=           [HW,JOY]
201          
202         gc_3=           [HW,JOY]
204         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
206         gscd=           [HW,CD]
208         gus=            [HW,SOUND] 
210         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
212         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
213                         (Cyl/heads/sectors) or tune parameters.
215         hfmodem=        [HW,AX25]
217         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
219         i810=           [HW,DRM]
221         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter.
223         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
225         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : config (iomem/irq), tuning or
226                         debugging (serialize,reset,no{dma,tune,probe}) or
227                         chipset specific parameters.
228         
229         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : VLB/PCI bus speed.
231         idle=           [HW]
233         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
235         init=           [KNL]
237         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk. 
239         ip=             [PNP]
241         isp16=          [HW,CD]
243         iucv=           [HW,NET] 
245         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
247         kbd-reset       [VT]
249         keep_initrd     [HW, ARM]
251         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy.
253         logi_busmouse=  [HW, MOUSE]
255         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
256         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
257         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
258         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
259                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
260                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
261                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
262                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
263                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
264                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
265                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
266                                 port specification list means that device IDs
267                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
268                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
269                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
271         ltpc=           [HW]
273         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI]
275         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI]
276         
277         mad16=          [HW,SOUND]
279         maui=           [HW,SOUND]
281         max_loop=[0-255] [LOOP] Set the maximum number of loopback devices
282                                 that can be mounted.
284         maxcpus=        [SMP] States the maximum number of processors that
285                         an SMP kernel should make use of.
287         max_scsi_luns=  [SCSI]
289         mca-pentium     [BUGS=ix86]
291         mcd=            [HW,CD]
293         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
295         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level.
297         mdisk=          [HW]
299         mdacon=         [MDA]
301         megaraid=       [HW,SCSI]
303         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] force use of a specific amount of
304                         memory; to be used when the kernel is not able
305                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
307         memfrac=        [KNL]
309         mga=            [HW,DRM]
311         mpu401=         [HW,SOUND]
313         msmouse=        [HW,MOUSE] Microsoft Mouse.
315         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
317         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
319         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
321         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
323         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
325         netdev=         [NET]
327         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
329         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
331         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=ix86] debugging features for SMP kernels.
333         no387           [BUGS=ix86] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
334                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
335                         is present.
337         noalign         [KNL,ARM] 
339         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel not to make use of any
340                         APIC that may be present on the system.
342         noasync         [HW, M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
343                         all devices.
345         nocache         [ARM]
347         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI, M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
349         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
351         no-hlt          [BUGS=ix86]
353         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
354                         initial RAM disk.
356         nointroute      [IA-64]
358         no-scroll       [VGA]
360         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
362         nosync          [HW, M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
364         notsc           [BUGS=ix86] Disable Time Stamp Counter
366         nowb            [ARM]
368         opl3=           [HW,SOUND]
370         opl3sa=         [HW,SOUND]
372         opl3sa2=        [HW,SOUND]
374         optcd=          [HW,CD]
376         panic=          [KNL] kernel behaviour on panic.
378         parport=0       [HW,PPT]        Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
379         parport=auto                    Use 'auto' to force the driver to use
380         parport=0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]]       any IRQ/DMA settings detected (the
381                                         default is to ignore detected IRQ/DMA
382                                         settings because of possible
383                                         conflicts). You can specify the base
384                                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and
385                                         DMA should be numbers, or 'auto' (for
386                                         using detected settings on that
387                                         particular port), or 'nofifo' (to avoid
388                                         using a FIFO even if it is detected).
389                                         Parallel ports are assigned in the
390                                         order they are specified on the command
391                                         line, starting with parport0.
393         pas2=           [HW,SOUND]
395         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
397         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
399         pcd.            [PARIDE]
401         pci=option[,option...]          [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
402                 off                     [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
403                 bios                    [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
404                                         the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
405                                         has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
406                 nobios                  [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
407                                         hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
408                                         if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
409                                         suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
410                 conf1                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 1.
411                 conf2                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 2.
412                 nosort                  [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
413                                         order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is done
414                                         to get a device order compatible with older kernels.
415                 biosirq                 [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
416                                         routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
417                                         on several machines and they hang the machine when used,
418                                         but on other computers it's the only way to get the
419                                         interrupt routing table. Try this option if the kernel
420                                         is unable to allocate IRQs or discover secondary PCI
421                                         buses on your motherboard.
422                 rom                     [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
423                                         Use with caution as certain devices share address
424                                         decoders between ROMs and other resources.
425                 irqmask=0xMMMM          [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned
426                                         automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel
427                                         exclude IRQs of your ISA cards this way.
428                 lastbus=N               [IA-32] Scan all buses till bus #N. Can be useful
429                                         if the kernel is unable to find your secondary buses
430                                         and you want to tell it explicitly which ones they are.
432         pd.             [PARIDE]
434         pf.             [PARIDE]
436         pg.             [PARIDE]
438         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] mp-table.
440         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link.
442         profile=        [KNL] enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
443                         (param:log level).
445         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
446                         before loading.
448         pss=            [HW,SOUND] 
450         pt.             [PARIDE]
452         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages.
454         r128=           [HW,DRM]
456         raid=           [HW,RAID]
458         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated].
460         ramdisk_blocksize=
461                         [RAM]
463         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] New name for the ramdisk parameter.
465         ramdisk_start=  [RAM] Starting block of RAM disk image (so you can
466                         place it after the kernel image on a boot floppy).
468         reboot=         [BUGS=ix86]
470         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] force the kernel to ignore some iomem area.
472         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
474         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot.
476         root=           [KNL] root filesystem.
478         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot.
480         S               [KNL] run init in single mode.
482         sb=             [HW,SOUND]
484         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter.
486         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
488         scsihosts=      [SCSI]
490         sg_def_reserved_size=
491                         [SCSI]
493         sgalaxy=        [HW,SOUND]
495         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
497         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
499         smart2=         [HW]
501         sonicvibes=     [HW,SOUND]
503         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
505         sound=          [SOUND]
507         soundmodem=     [HW,AX25,SOUND] Use sound card as packet radio modem.
509         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter.
511         sscape=         [HW,SOUND]
513         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.).
515         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
517         stram_swap=     [HW]
519         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs.
521         switches=       [HW, M68K]
523         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
525         sym53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
527         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
529         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
531         tgfx=           [HW,JOY]
533         tgfx_2=         [HW,JOY]
535         tgfx_3=         [HW,JOY]
537         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
539         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
541         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
543         trix=           [HW,SOUND]
545         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI]
547         uart401=        [HW,SOUND]
549         uart6850=       [HW,SOUND]
551         usbfix          [BUGS=IA-64] 
553         video=          [FB] frame buffer configuration.
555         vga=            [BOOT] on ix386, select a particular video mode
556                         (use vga=ask for menu).  This is actually a
557                         boot loader parameter; the value is passed to
558                         the kernel using a special protocol.  See
559                         linux/Documentation/i386/boot.txt for information.
561         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
563         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390] 
565         waveartist=     [HW,SOUND]
567         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
569         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
571         wdt=            [HW]
573         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
575         xd_geo=         [HW,XT]